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等效零折射率材料微腔中均匀化腔场作用下的简正模劈裂现象

徐小虎 陈永强 郭志伟 孙勇 苗向阳

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等效零折射率材料微腔中均匀化腔场作用下的简正模劈裂现象

徐小虎, 陈永强, 郭志伟, 孙勇, 苗向阳

Normal-mode splitting induced by homogeneous electromagnetic fields in cavities filled with effective zero-index metamaterials

Xu Xiao-Hu, Chen Yong-Qiang, Guo Zhi-Wei, Sun Yong, Miao Xiang-Yang
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  • 研究了零折射率材料微腔中人造原子与腔模的相干耦合现象.首先通过数值模拟的方法研究了在二维光子晶体微腔中填充阻抗匹配的零折射率材料后腔模的场分布.结果表明零折射率材料的引入使得原本以驻波场形式存在的腔模分布在整个微腔中变得近似均匀且值最大.其次,将人造原子放入腔中的不同位置并与腔模耦合,结果从频谱上观察到腔模的劈裂与人造原子在腔中的位置无关.最后,利用微波实验,通过开口谐振环等效的人造原子与一维复合左右手传输线等效的零折射率材料微腔之间的耦合验证了仿真结果的准确性.该结果为腔量子电动力学中量子点对位难的问题提供了新的方案,同时零折射率材料微腔也为今后研究原子与光子之间的相互作用提供了一个新的平台.
    In cavity quantum electrodynamics (cQED), how an atom behaves in a cavity is what people care about. The coupling strength (g) between cavity field and atoms plays a fundamental role in various QED effects including Rabi splitting. In the solid-state case, when an atomic-like two-level system such as a single quantum dot (QD) is placed into a cavity, Rabi splitting would occur if g is strong enough. In the classical limit, when a QD in a cavity changes into a classical oscillator, the normal-mode splitting would also take place. It is known that g relies on the local fields at the places of the QDs or classical oscillators inside the cavity. However, for both cases, the traditional cavity modes involved are all in the form of standing waves and the localized fields are position-dependent. To ensure strong coupling between QDs or classical oscillators and photons, they should be placed right at the place where the cavity field is maximum, which is very challenging. How is the positional uncertainty overcome? Recently, the peculiar behaviors of electromagnetic (EM) fields inside zero-index metamaterial (ZIM) in which permittivity and/or permeability are zero have aroused considerable interest. In ZIMs the propagating phase everywhere is the same and the effective wavelength is infinite, which strongly changes the scattering and mode properties of the EM waves. In addition to the above characteristics, the fields in ZIM could be homogeneous as required by Maxwell equations. While the special properties of ZIMs are investigated, the fabrication of ZIMs is widely studied. It is found that a two dimensional (2D) photonic crystal consisting of a square lattice of dielectric rods with accidental degeneracy can behave as a loss-free ZIM at Dirac point. To overcome the positional uncertainty, in this paper we propose a cavity filled with effective zero-index metamaterial (ZIM). When the ZIM is embedded in a cavity, the enhanced homogeneous fields can occur under the resonance condition. Finally, experimental verification in microwave regime is conducted. In the experiments, we utilize a composite right/left-handed transmission line with deep subwavelength unit cell to mimic a ZIM and use a metallic split ring resonator (SRR) as a magnetic resonator whose resonance frequency is determined by structural parameters. The experimental results that in general agree well with the simulations demonstrate nearly position-independent normal-mode splitting.
      通信作者: 徐小虎, bigbrowm@163.com;sxxymiao@126.com ; 苗向阳, bigbrowm@163.com;sxxymiao@126.com
    • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号:11404204,51607119,11674247)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Xu Xiao-Hu, bigbrowm@163.com;sxxymiao@126.com ; Miao Xiang-Yang, bigbrowm@163.com;sxxymiao@126.com
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11404204, 51607119, 11674247).
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  • [1]

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    Shelby R A, Smith D R, Schultz S 2001 Science 292 77

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    Monticone F, Alu A 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 047809

    [5]

    Xi S, Chen H, Jiang T, Ran L, Huang fu J, Wu B I, Kong J, Chen M 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 194801

    [6]

    Ran J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Fang K, Zhao J, Sun Y, Chen H 2015 Sci. Rep. 5 11659

    [7]

    Pendry J B, Holden A J, Robbins D J 1999 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 47 2075

    [8]

    Hao J M, Yan W, Qiu M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 101109

    [9]

    Nguyen V C, Chen L, Halterman K 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 233908

    [10]

    Silveirinha M, Engheta N 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 157403

    [11]

    Edwards B, Al A, Young M E, Silveirinha M, Engheta N 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 033903

    [12]

    Liu R P, Cheng Q, Hand T, Mock J J, Cui T J, Cummer S A, Smith D R 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 023903

    [13]

    Feng S M, Halterman K 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 165103

    [14]

    Sun L, Feng S M, Yang X D 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 241101

    [15]

    Enoch S, Tayeb G, Sabouroux P, Gurin N, Vincent P 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 213902

    [16]

    Naika G V, Liu J J, Kildisheva A V, Shalaeva V M, Boltassevaa A 2012 PNAS 109 8834

    [17]

    Subramania G, Fischer A J, Luk T S 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 241107

    [18]

    Huang X Q, Lai Y, Hang Z H, Zheng H H, Chan C T 2011 Nat. Mater. 10 582

    [19]

    Jiang H T, Wang Z L, Sun Y, Li Y H, Zhang Y W, Li H Q, Chen H 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 109 073113

    [20]

    Weisbuch C, Nishioka M, Ishikawa A, Arakawa Y 1992 Phys. Rev. Lett. 69 3314

    [21]

    Boca A, Miller R, Birnbaum K M, Boozer A D, McKeever J, Kimble H J 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 233603

    [22]

    Tischler J R, Bradley M S, Bulovic V, Song J H, Nurmikko A 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 036401

    [23]

    Vujic D, John S 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 013807

    [24]

    Gersen H, Karle T J, Engelen R J P, Bogaerts W, Korterik J P, Hulst N F V, Krauss T F, Kuipers L 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 073903

    [25]

    Khitrova G, Gibbs H M, Jahnke F, Kira M, Koch S W 1999 Rev. Mod. Phys. 71 1591

    [26]

    Berman P R 1994 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics (Boston: Academic) pp377-390

    [27]

    Yoshie T, Scherer A, Hendrickson J, Khitrova G, Gibbs H M, Rupper G, Ell C, Shchekin O B, Deppe D G 2004 Nature 432 200

    [28]

    Aoki K, Guimard D, Nishioka M, Nomura M, Iwamoto S, Arakawa Y 2008 Nat. Photon. 2 688

    [29]

    Raimond J M, Brune M, Haroche S 2001 Rev. Mod. Phys. 73 565

    [30]

    Blais A, Huang R S, Wallraff A, Girvin S M, Schoelkopf R J 2004 Phys. Rev. A 69 062320

    [31]

    Holmstrm P, Thyln L, Bratkovsky A 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 064307

    [32]

    Gil I, Bonache J, Garcia J G, Martin F 2006 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 54 2665

    [33]

    Zhang L W, Zhang Y W, Yang Y P, Li H Q, Chen H, Zhu S Y 2008 Phys. Rev. E 78 035601

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2017-08-21
  • 修回日期:  2017-09-16
  • 刊出日期:  2019-01-20

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