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Powerful high-frequency radio waves modulated at extremely low frequency (ELF) and very low frequency (VLF) can efficiently modify the lower ionospheric current which can act as an equivalent ionospheri'c antenna for the generation of ELF/VLF wave and these signals can propagate into the magnetosphere and the investigation of the propagation properties is of significance for understanding of radiation belt energetic electrons precipitation. In this paper, based on the raytracing theory, the ray paths of ELF waves in the magnetosphere are obtained using numerical modeling and the properties are analyzed. The results shows that the ELF waves generated from the low latitude reflect between the southern and northern hemisphere and propagate to the farther place gradually. For the signals with different frequencies, the higher their frequencies, the shorter their propagation distances are, the lower their frequencies, the longer their propagtion distances are. In the process, ELF waves tend to reflect near a fixed region. The normal angel increases to 90° gradually and ray direction tends to propagate along the direction of geomagnetic field.
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Keywords:
- ELF waves /
- raytracing /
- ionospheric artificial modulation /
- low latitude
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[2] Strangway D W, Swift C M, Holmer R C 1975 Geophys. 38 1159
[3] Ni B B, Zhao Z Y, Gu X D, Wang F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7937 (in Chinese) [倪彬彬,赵正予,顾旭东,汪枫 2008 物理学报 57 7937]
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[7] Budden K G 1961 Radio Waves in the Ionosphere (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[8] Kimura I 1966 Radio Sci. 1 269
[9] Walter F, Angerami J J 1969 J. Geophys. Res. 74 6352
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[12] Xu J S, Bao Z T, Liang B X 1985 Chinese J. Geophys. 5 271 (in Chinese) [徐继生, 保宗悌, 梁百先 1985 地球物理学报 5 271]
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[16] Cerisier J C 1973 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35 77
[17] JirIoAcIek F, TrIoAska P 1998 In NATO Adv. Res. Workshop, Interball Observations, KosIice, Slovakia, 1998, 85
[18] Platino M, Inan U S., Bell T F, Parrot M, Kennedy E J 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16101
[19] Piddyachiy D, Inan U S, Bell T F, Lehtinen N G, Parrot M 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A10308
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[22] James H G Dowden R L Rietveld M T, Stubbe P, Kopka H 1984 J. Geophys. Res. 89 1655
[23] Rietveld M T Stubbe P Kopka H 1989 Radio Sci. 24 270
[24] Papadopoulos K, Chang C L, Vitello P, Drobot A 1990 Radio Sci. 25 1311
[25] Barr R, Stubbe P 1991 Geophys. Res. Lett. 18 1035
[26] Barr R, Stubbe P 1993 Geophys. Res. Lett. 20 2243
[27] Barr R, Stubbe P 1984 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 46 315
[28] Barr R, Rietveld M T, Kopka H, Stubbe P, Nielsen E 1985 Nature 317 155
[29] Ferraro A J Lee H S Allshouse R, Carroll K, Lunnen R 1984 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 46 855
[30] Milikh G, Papadopoulos K, McCarrick M, Preston J 1999 Izv. Vyssh, Uchebn, Zaved Radiofiz. 42 728
[31] Inan U S, Bell T F 1977 J. Geophys. Res. 19 2819
[32] Haselgrove J 1954 Report of the Physical Society Conference on Physics of the Ionosphere Cambridge, England 355
[33] Stix T H 1962 The Theory of Plasma Waves (New York: McGraw-Hill)
[34] Deng F 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuhan: Wuhan University) (in Chinese) [邓峰 2010 博士学位论文 (武汉: 武汉大学)]
[35] Helliwell R A 1965 Whistler and Related Ionospheric Phenomena (California: Stanford University Press)
[36] Smith R L, Angerami J J 1968 J. Geophys. Res. 73 1
[37] Shklyar D R, JirIoAcIek F 2000 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 62 347
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[1] Xia M Y, Chen Z Y 1995 Journal of Electronics 17 125 (in Chinese)[夏明耀,陈志雨1995 电子科学学刊 17 125]
[2] Strangway D W, Swift C M, Holmer R C 1975 Geophys. 38 1159
[3] Ni B B, Zhao Z Y, Gu X D, Wang F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7937 (in Chinese) [倪彬彬,赵正予,顾旭东,汪枫 2008 物理学报 57 7937]
[4] Li L Y, Cao J B, Zhou G C 2008 Chinese J. Geophys. 51 316 (in Chinese) [李柳元,曹晋滨, 周国成 2008 地球物理学报 51 316]
[5] Gu X D, Zhao Z Y, Ni B B, Wang F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 5871(in Chinese)[顾旭东,赵正予,倪彬彬,汪枫 2009 物理学报 58 5871]
[6] Haselgrove J 1954 Report of the Physical Society Conference on Physics of the Ionosphere Cambridge, England 1954 p355
[7] Budden K G 1961 Radio Waves in the Ionosphere (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[8] Kimura I 1966 Radio Sci. 1 269
[9] Walter F, Angerami J J 1969 J. Geophys. Res. 74 6352
[10] Xu J S, Bao Z T, Liang B X 1984 Chinese J. Geophys. 27 407(in Chinese)[徐继生,保宗悌,梁百先 1984 地球物理学报 27 407]
[11] Xu J S, Bao Z T, Liang B X 1985 Chinese J. Geophys. 28 445 (in Chinese)[徐继生, 保宗悌, 梁百先 1985 地球物理学报 28 445]
[12] Xu J S, Bao Z T, Liang B X 1985 Chinese J. Geophys. 5 271 (in Chinese) [徐继生, 保宗悌, 梁百先 1985 地球物理学报 5 271]
[13] Tian M, Xu J S 1992 Chinese J. Geophys. 35 545(in Chinese) [田茂, 徐继生 1992 地球物理学报 35 545]
[14] Horne R B 1989 J. Geophys. Res. 94 8895
[15] Angerami J J 1970 J. Geophys. Res. 75 6115
[16] Cerisier J C 1973 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 35 77
[17] JirIoAcIek F, TrIoAska P 1998 In NATO Adv. Res. Workshop, Interball Observations, KosIice, Slovakia, 1998, 85
[18] Platino M, Inan U S., Bell T F, Parrot M, Kennedy E J 2006 Geophys. Res. Lett. 33 L16101
[19] Piddyachiy D, Inan U S, Bell T F, Lehtinen N G, Parrot M 2008 J. Geophys. Res. 113 A10308
[20] Bortnik J, Thorne R M, Meredith N P 2008 Nature 452 62
[21] Stubbe P, Kopka H, Dowden R L 1981 J. Geophys. Res. 86 9073
[22] James H G Dowden R L Rietveld M T, Stubbe P, Kopka H 1984 J. Geophys. Res. 89 1655
[23] Rietveld M T Stubbe P Kopka H 1989 Radio Sci. 24 270
[24] Papadopoulos K, Chang C L, Vitello P, Drobot A 1990 Radio Sci. 25 1311
[25] Barr R, Stubbe P 1991 Geophys. Res. Lett. 18 1035
[26] Barr R, Stubbe P 1993 Geophys. Res. Lett. 20 2243
[27] Barr R, Stubbe P 1984 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 46 315
[28] Barr R, Rietveld M T, Kopka H, Stubbe P, Nielsen E 1985 Nature 317 155
[29] Ferraro A J Lee H S Allshouse R, Carroll K, Lunnen R 1984 J. Atmos. Terr. Phys. 46 855
[30] Milikh G, Papadopoulos K, McCarrick M, Preston J 1999 Izv. Vyssh, Uchebn, Zaved Radiofiz. 42 728
[31] Inan U S, Bell T F 1977 J. Geophys. Res. 19 2819
[32] Haselgrove J 1954 Report of the Physical Society Conference on Physics of the Ionosphere Cambridge, England 355
[33] Stix T H 1962 The Theory of Plasma Waves (New York: McGraw-Hill)
[34] Deng F 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Wuhan: Wuhan University) (in Chinese) [邓峰 2010 博士学位论文 (武汉: 武汉大学)]
[35] Helliwell R A 1965 Whistler and Related Ionospheric Phenomena (California: Stanford University Press)
[36] Smith R L, Angerami J J 1968 J. Geophys. Res. 73 1
[37] Shklyar D R, JirIoAcIek F 2000 J. Atmos. Sol. Terr. Phys. 62 347
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