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X-ray phase contrast microscopy (XPCM) achieves the high contrast imaging of low electron density materials with the spatial coherence peculiarity of X-rays. Considering that ginsengs are mainly composed of C, H, O, N and other low-Z elements, XPCM is an ideal tool to nondestructively investigate the characteristic microstructures of ginsengs in principle. Owing to the higher fluxes and luminance of the third generation of synchrotron radiation facility, it can present clearer and finer microstructures of ginsengs with better spatial and temporal resolutions. In this paper, the characteristic microstructures of wild ginseng ware investigated systemically by XPCM at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF). For comparison, the characteristic structures of cultivated ginseng are also studied correspondingly. Moreover, a kind of new microstructure is found in young ginsengs, which is possibly a new characteristic structure of ginsengs. The results demonstrates that XPCM is a promising new method of identifying wild ginseng.
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Keywords:
- x-ray phase contrast microscopy /
- synchrotron radiation /
- microscopic identification /
- characteristic microstructures of ginseng
[1] Sun S S, Wang Y J, Liu B L, Wang L S, Ren G D, Ren Q S 1997 Renshen Yanjiu 3 7(in Chinese) [孙三省、王雅君、刘宝玲、王利生、任国栋、任乔森 1997 人参研究 3 7]
[2] Li S Y, Wang S 2008 Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine 4 37 (in Chinese) [李世洋、王 爽 2008 亚太传统医药 4 37]
[3] Wang H M, Chen L, Wu R J 1999 Renshen Yanjiu 11 27(in Chinese) [王寒民、陈 力、吴汝杰 1999 人参研究 11 27]
[4] Liu B L, Bi P X, Wang L S, Sun S S, Zhang N P, Xiao Y X 2000 Chin. Pharm. J. 35 153(in Chinese) [刘宝玲、毕培曦、王利生、孙三省、张南平、肖新月 2000 中国药学杂志 35 153]
[5] Qin J H, Leung F C, Fung Y S Zhu D R, Lin B C 2005 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381 812
[6] Zhong W T, Wu X Z, Yu Z J, Jin J R 2006 Renshen Yanjiu 2 14(in Chinese) [仲伟同、吴信子、于振江、金精日 2006 人参研究 2 14]
[7] Wang K G, Wang L, Niu H B 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1807
[8] Song Z Y, Yang Z H, Shao J X, Cui Y, Zhang H Q, Ruan F F, Du J, Gao Z M, Yu D Y, Chen X M, Cai X H 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1443
[9] Li Y H, Meng F L, Liu C S, Zheng W T, Wang Y M 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2742 (in Chinese) [李永华、孟繁玲、刘常升、 郑伟涛、王煜明 2009 物理学报 58 2742] 〖10] Xie H L, Hu W, Luo H X, Du G H, Deng B, Chen R C, Xue Y L, Shi S M, Xiao T Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7044 (in Chinese) [谢红兰、胡 雯、罗红心、杜国浩、邓 彪、陈荣昌、薛艳玲、师绍猛、肖体乔2008物理学报 57 7044]
[10] Liu L X, Du G H, Hu W, Xie H L, Xiao T Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4556 (in Chinese) [刘丽想、杜国浩、胡 雯、谢红兰、肖体乔 2007 物理学报 56 4556]
[11] Shi S M, Chen R C, Xue Y L, Ren Y Q, Du G H, Deng B, Xie H L, Xiao T Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6319 (in Chinese) [师绍猛、陈荣昌、薛艳玲、任玉琦、杜国浩、邓 彪、谢红兰、肖体乔 2008 物理学报 57 6319]
[12] Wei X, Xiao T Q, Liu L X, Du G H, Chen M, Luo Y Y, Xu H J 2005 Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4277
[13] Xue Y L, Xiao T Q, Du G H, Liu L X, Hu W, Xu H J, 2008 Acta Opt. Sin. 28 1828(in Chinese) [薛艳玲、肖体乔、杜国浩、刘丽想、胡 雯、徐洪杰 2008 光学学报 28 1828]
[14] Snigirev A, Snigireva I, Kohn V, Kuznetsov S, Schelokov I 1995 Rev.Sci.Instrum. 66 5486
[15] Pogany A, Gao D, Wilkins S W 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 2774
[16] Liu L X 2007 Ph.D. Thesis (Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [刘丽想 2007博士学位论文 上海: 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)]
[17] Zheng H C, Cai S Q 2003 Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy (4th edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p27 (in Chinese) [郑汉臣、蔡少青 2003 药用植物学与生药学(第四版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第27页]
[18] Zhao Z Z 2005 An Illustrated Microscopic Identification of Chinese Materia Medica (Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House) p191, 218
[19] Wen R L 2002 Chromatic Illustrated handbook about Microscopic Structures of Chinese Materia Medica(Vol. 1)(1st edition)(Beijing: Chinese medical science and technology press) p30 (in Chinese) [文瑞良 2002 中药材显微彩色图鉴(第一册)(第1版)(北京: 中国医药科技出版社) 第30页]
[20] Tong S H, Han F Q 2000 Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 11 522(in Chinese) [童树洪、韩芬琴 2000 时珍国医国药 11 522]
[21] Wang B X 1991 Research Progresses of Ginsengs (Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press)p1—3(in Chinese) [王本祥 1991 人参研究进展 (天津: 天津科学技术出版社) 第1—3页]
[22] Xu G J 1986 Powder Microscopic Identification of Chinese Material Medica (1st edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p14 (in Chinese) [徐国钧 1986 中药材粉末显微鉴定(第一版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第14页]
[23] Zhao W D 1991 The Powder Illustrated handbook of common Chinese Medicinal Materials (1st edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p7 (in Chinese) [赵达文1991 常用中药材组织粉末图解(第一版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第7页]
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[1] Sun S S, Wang Y J, Liu B L, Wang L S, Ren G D, Ren Q S 1997 Renshen Yanjiu 3 7(in Chinese) [孙三省、王雅君、刘宝玲、王利生、任国栋、任乔森 1997 人参研究 3 7]
[2] Li S Y, Wang S 2008 Asia-Pacific Traditional Medicine 4 37 (in Chinese) [李世洋、王 爽 2008 亚太传统医药 4 37]
[3] Wang H M, Chen L, Wu R J 1999 Renshen Yanjiu 11 27(in Chinese) [王寒民、陈 力、吴汝杰 1999 人参研究 11 27]
[4] Liu B L, Bi P X, Wang L S, Sun S S, Zhang N P, Xiao Y X 2000 Chin. Pharm. J. 35 153(in Chinese) [刘宝玲、毕培曦、王利生、孙三省、张南平、肖新月 2000 中国药学杂志 35 153]
[5] Qin J H, Leung F C, Fung Y S Zhu D R, Lin B C 2005 Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 381 812
[6] Zhong W T, Wu X Z, Yu Z J, Jin J R 2006 Renshen Yanjiu 2 14(in Chinese) [仲伟同、吴信子、于振江、金精日 2006 人参研究 2 14]
[7] Wang K G, Wang L, Niu H B 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1807
[8] Song Z Y, Yang Z H, Shao J X, Cui Y, Zhang H Q, Ruan F F, Du J, Gao Z M, Yu D Y, Chen X M, Cai X H 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 1443
[9] Li Y H, Meng F L, Liu C S, Zheng W T, Wang Y M 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 2742 (in Chinese) [李永华、孟繁玲、刘常升、 郑伟涛、王煜明 2009 物理学报 58 2742] 〖10] Xie H L, Hu W, Luo H X, Du G H, Deng B, Chen R C, Xue Y L, Shi S M, Xiao T Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7044 (in Chinese) [谢红兰、胡 雯、罗红心、杜国浩、邓 彪、陈荣昌、薛艳玲、师绍猛、肖体乔2008物理学报 57 7044]
[10] Liu L X, Du G H, Hu W, Xie H L, Xiao T Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 4556 (in Chinese) [刘丽想、杜国浩、胡 雯、谢红兰、肖体乔 2007 物理学报 56 4556]
[11] Shi S M, Chen R C, Xue Y L, Ren Y Q, Du G H, Deng B, Xie H L, Xiao T Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6319 (in Chinese) [师绍猛、陈荣昌、薛艳玲、任玉琦、杜国浩、邓 彪、谢红兰、肖体乔 2008 物理学报 57 6319]
[12] Wei X, Xiao T Q, Liu L X, Du G H, Chen M, Luo Y Y, Xu H J 2005 Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4277
[13] Xue Y L, Xiao T Q, Du G H, Liu L X, Hu W, Xu H J, 2008 Acta Opt. Sin. 28 1828(in Chinese) [薛艳玲、肖体乔、杜国浩、刘丽想、胡 雯、徐洪杰 2008 光学学报 28 1828]
[14] Snigirev A, Snigireva I, Kohn V, Kuznetsov S, Schelokov I 1995 Rev.Sci.Instrum. 66 5486
[15] Pogany A, Gao D, Wilkins S W 1997 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 68 2774
[16] Liu L X 2007 Ph.D. Thesis (Shanghai: Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [刘丽想 2007博士学位论文 上海: 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所)]
[17] Zheng H C, Cai S Q 2003 Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy (4th edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p27 (in Chinese) [郑汉臣、蔡少青 2003 药用植物学与生药学(第四版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第27页]
[18] Zhao Z Z 2005 An Illustrated Microscopic Identification of Chinese Materia Medica (Shenyang: Liaoning Science and Technology Publishing House) p191, 218
[19] Wen R L 2002 Chromatic Illustrated handbook about Microscopic Structures of Chinese Materia Medica(Vol. 1)(1st edition)(Beijing: Chinese medical science and technology press) p30 (in Chinese) [文瑞良 2002 中药材显微彩色图鉴(第一册)(第1版)(北京: 中国医药科技出版社) 第30页]
[20] Tong S H, Han F Q 2000 Lishizhen Medicine and Materia Medica Research 11 522(in Chinese) [童树洪、韩芬琴 2000 时珍国医国药 11 522]
[21] Wang B X 1991 Research Progresses of Ginsengs (Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Press)p1—3(in Chinese) [王本祥 1991 人参研究进展 (天津: 天津科学技术出版社) 第1—3页]
[22] Xu G J 1986 Powder Microscopic Identification of Chinese Material Medica (1st edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p14 (in Chinese) [徐国钧 1986 中药材粉末显微鉴定(第一版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第14页]
[23] Zhao W D 1991 The Powder Illustrated handbook of common Chinese Medicinal Materials (1st edition)(Beijing: People’s Medical Publishing House) p7 (in Chinese) [赵达文1991 常用中药材组织粉末图解(第一版) (北京: 人民卫生出版社) 第7页]
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