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In this paper, we attempted to entend the application of conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation(CNOP) to the optimization of parameters in land surface model. We used the common land model and data of Tongyu station,which is a reference site of the CEOP in the semi-arid regions, and used three key parameters (soil color, soil sand/lay proportion and leaf area index) as parameters to be optimized. Two experiments are designed in our work, namely the single-parameter optimization and the triple-parameter optimization. Notable improvements in simulating sensible heat flux (SH), latent heat flux (LH), soil temperature (TS) and moisture (MS) at shallow layers were achieved by using the optimized parameters. In addition, the latter experiment shows a better performance than the former. All results above illustrate that the application of CNOP method can be extended to parameters optimization of land surface model. And what is more, due to its other advantages, such as the clear mathematical meaning, the simple design structure, and the fast computing speed, it shows a great potential for further applications in parameters optimization of related problems.
[1] Mu M, Duan W S 2003 Chinese Science Bulletin 48 747 (in Chinese) [穆 穆、 段晚锁 2003 科学通报 48 747]
[2] Mu M, Duan W S, Wang B 2003 Nonlinear Proc. Geoph. 10
[3] 493
[4] Duan W S, Mu M, Wang B 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 D23105
[5] Mu M, Sun L, Henk D A 2004 J. Phys. Oceanogr 34 2305
[6] Mu M, Jiang Z N 2007 Chinese Science Bulletin 52 1457 (in Chinese)[穆 穆、 姜智娜 2007 科学通报 52 1457]
[7] Wang B, Tan X W 2009 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 67 175 (in Chinese) [王 斌、 谭晓伟 2009 气象学报 67 175]
[8] Gong Z Q, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3180 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 封国林、 董文杰、 李建平 2006 物理学报 55 3180]
[9] Hou W, Lian Y, Feng G L, 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 0589 (in Chinese) [侯 威、 廉 毅、 封国林 2007 物理学报 56 0589]
[10] Mo J Q, Lin Y H, Lin W T 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6692 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪、 林一骅、 林万涛 2009 物理学报 58 6692]
[11] Da C J, Chou J F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2595 (in Chinese) [达朝究、 丑纪范 2008 物理学报 57 2595]
[12] Gong Z Q, Zhou M W, Gao X Q, Dong W J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3947 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 邹明玮、 高新全、 董文杰 2005 物理学报 54 3947]
[13] Gao X Q, Zhang W 2005 Chin. Phys. Soc. 14 2370
[14] Gong Z Q, Feng G L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3619 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 封国林 2007 物理学报 56 3619]
[15] Mo J Q, Zhang W J, Chen X F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7397 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪、 张伟江、 陈贤峰 2009 物理学报 58 7397]
[16] Mu M, Duan W S, Wang Q, Zhang R Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics (in press)
[17] Sun S F 2005 Biophysical and Biochemical Mechanisms and Their Parameterization in Context of Land Surface Processes (Vol.1) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p1—20 (in Chinese) [孙菽芬 2005 陆面过程的物理、 生化机理和参数化模型 (北京: 气象出版社) 第1—20页]
[18] Bastidas L A, Hogue T S, Sorooshian S, Gupta H V Shuttleworth W J 2006 J. Geophys. Res-Atoms. 111 D20101
[19] Sun S F 2002 Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology 25 1 (in Chinese) [孙菽芬 2002 新疆气象 25 1]
[20] Xue G Y, Zhou S Q, Sun Z B, Chen G Y, Yang Y C, Chen H M 2005 Bulletin of Science and Technology 21 378 (in Chinese) [薛根元、 周锁铨、 孙照渤、 陈国勇、 杨煜灿、 陈红梅 2005 科技通报 21 378 ]
[21] Wang Y P, Baldocchi D, Leunig R, Flage E, Vesala T 2006 Global Change Biology 12 1
[22] Park S J, Park S U, Ho C H 2010 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 21 5
[23] Zhu D Q 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [朱德琴 2007 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大气物理研究所)]
[24] Song Y M 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University)(in Chinese) [宋耀明 2008 博士学位论文 (南京: 南京大学大气科学学院)]
[25] Nie S P 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)(in Chinese) [聂肃平 2008 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大气物理研究所)]
[26] Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang R H, Zhou G Q 2006 Geophysical Research Letters 33 19604
[27] Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang R H, Zhou G Q 2006 Adv. Atoms. Sci. 23 615
[28] Price K, Storn R 1997 Dr. Dobbs J. 22 18
[29] Liu H Z, Dong W J, Fu C B 2004 Climatic and Environmental Research 9 378 (in Chinese)[刘辉志、 董文杰、 符淙斌 2004 气候与环境研究 9 378]
[30] Dai Y J, Zeng X B, Dickinson R E 2001 Common Land Model (Technical Documentation and Users Guide) Users Guide
[31] Dai Y J 2003 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84 1013
[32] Dai Y J 2005 The Common Land Model (CoLM) Users Guide
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[1] Mu M, Duan W S 2003 Chinese Science Bulletin 48 747 (in Chinese) [穆 穆、 段晚锁 2003 科学通报 48 747]
[2] Mu M, Duan W S, Wang B 2003 Nonlinear Proc. Geoph. 10
[3] 493
[4] Duan W S, Mu M, Wang B 2004 J. Geophys. Res. 109 D23105
[5] Mu M, Sun L, Henk D A 2004 J. Phys. Oceanogr 34 2305
[6] Mu M, Jiang Z N 2007 Chinese Science Bulletin 52 1457 (in Chinese)[穆 穆、 姜智娜 2007 科学通报 52 1457]
[7] Wang B, Tan X W 2009 Acta Meteorologica Sinica 67 175 (in Chinese) [王 斌、 谭晓伟 2009 气象学报 67 175]
[8] Gong Z Q, Feng G L, Dong W J, Li J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 3180 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 封国林、 董文杰、 李建平 2006 物理学报 55 3180]
[9] Hou W, Lian Y, Feng G L, 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 0589 (in Chinese) [侯 威、 廉 毅、 封国林 2007 物理学报 56 0589]
[10] Mo J Q, Lin Y H, Lin W T 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6692 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪、 林一骅、 林万涛 2009 物理学报 58 6692]
[11] Da C J, Chou J F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 2595 (in Chinese) [达朝究、 丑纪范 2008 物理学报 57 2595]
[12] Gong Z Q, Zhou M W, Gao X Q, Dong W J 2005 Acta Phys. Sin. 54 3947 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 邹明玮、 高新全、 董文杰 2005 物理学报 54 3947]
[13] Gao X Q, Zhang W 2005 Chin. Phys. Soc. 14 2370
[14] Gong Z Q, Feng G L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 3619 (in Chinese) [龚志强、 封国林 2007 物理学报 56 3619]
[15] Mo J Q, Zhang W J, Chen X F 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7397 (in Chinese) [莫嘉琪、 张伟江、 陈贤峰 2009 物理学报 58 7397]
[16] Mu M, Duan W S, Wang Q, Zhang R Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics (in press)
[17] Sun S F 2005 Biophysical and Biochemical Mechanisms and Their Parameterization in Context of Land Surface Processes (Vol.1) (Beijing: China Meteorological Press) p1—20 (in Chinese) [孙菽芬 2005 陆面过程的物理、 生化机理和参数化模型 (北京: 气象出版社) 第1—20页]
[18] Bastidas L A, Hogue T S, Sorooshian S, Gupta H V Shuttleworth W J 2006 J. Geophys. Res-Atoms. 111 D20101
[19] Sun S F 2002 Bimonthly of Xinjiang Meteorology 25 1 (in Chinese) [孙菽芬 2002 新疆气象 25 1]
[20] Xue G Y, Zhou S Q, Sun Z B, Chen G Y, Yang Y C, Chen H M 2005 Bulletin of Science and Technology 21 378 (in Chinese) [薛根元、 周锁铨、 孙照渤、 陈国勇、 杨煜灿、 陈红梅 2005 科技通报 21 378 ]
[21] Wang Y P, Baldocchi D, Leunig R, Flage E, Vesala T 2006 Global Change Biology 12 1
[22] Park S J, Park S U, Ho C H 2010 Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. 21 5
[23] Zhu D Q 2007 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences) (in Chinese) [朱德琴 2007 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大气物理研究所)]
[24] Song Y M 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Nanjing: Nanjing University)(in Chinese) [宋耀明 2008 博士学位论文 (南京: 南京大学大气科学学院)]
[25] Nie S P 2008 Ph. D. Dissertation (Beijing: Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences)(in Chinese) [聂肃平 2008 博士学位论文 (北京: 中国科学院大气物理研究所)]
[26] Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang R H, Zhou G Q 2006 Geophysical Research Letters 33 19604
[27] Zheng F, Zhu J, Zhang R H, Zhou G Q 2006 Adv. Atoms. Sci. 23 615
[28] Price K, Storn R 1997 Dr. Dobbs J. 22 18
[29] Liu H Z, Dong W J, Fu C B 2004 Climatic and Environmental Research 9 378 (in Chinese)[刘辉志、 董文杰、 符淙斌 2004 气候与环境研究 9 378]
[30] Dai Y J, Zeng X B, Dickinson R E 2001 Common Land Model (Technical Documentation and Users Guide) Users Guide
[31] Dai Y J 2003 Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 84 1013
[32] Dai Y J 2005 The Common Land Model (CoLM) Users Guide
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