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Compared with the traditional Doppler frequency discriminator Fabry-Perot interferometer, Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) has the advantages in high transmittance, linear parallel fringes instead of circular rings and wide field of view. An incoherent Doppler wind lidar system is demonstrated based on a fringe-imaging MZI. The mathematical model of wind velocity retrieval is derived, and the field widening of MZI is also used to optimize the performance of lidar system. The ideal fringe pattern outputs are obtained by numerical simulation, and the SineSqr function fitting method is proposed to determine the high-precision displacement of fringes after a Doppler shift. Furthermore, the field widening of MZI can be realized by field compensation which reduces the effect of the incidence angle on optical path difference. The results show that the wind velocity error obtained by SineSqr function fitting method is less than 0.45 m·s-1 at the line-of-sight wind velocity in a range from -100 m·s-1 to 100 m·s-1, which overcomes the instability of wind velocity retrieval by the gravity method. A full-angle field of view of 1° for MZI frequency discriminator without significant performance reduction is also achieved. These supplied discussion of the application techniques for Doppler lidar based on MZI fringe technique would promote the practical development of Doppler lidar for wind velocity measurement of the middle and upper atmosphere.
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Keywords:
- lidar /
- fringe-imaging Mach-Zehnder interferometer /
- wind velocity retrieval /
- field compensation
[1] Shen F H, Shu Z F, Sun D S, Wang Z C, Xue X H, Chen T D, Dou X K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060704 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 舒志峰, 孙东松, 王忠纯, 薛向辉, 陈廷娣, 窦贤康 2011 物理学报 60 060704]
[2] McKay J A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 6480
[3] McKay J A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 6487
[4] Shen F H, Shu Z F, Sun D S, Wang Z C, Xue X H, Chen T D, Dou X K 2012 Acta Phys.Sin. 61 030702 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 舒志峰, 孙东松, 王忠纯, 薛向辉, 陈廷娣, 窦贤康 2012 物理学报 61 030702]
[5] Shen F H, Sun D S, Liu C L, Qiu C Q, Shu Z F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 220702 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 孙东松, 刘成林, 仇成群, 舒志峰 2013 物理学报 62 220702]
[6] Du J, Ren D M, Zhao W J, Qu Y C, Chen Z L, Geng L J 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 024211
[7] Irgang T D, Hays P B, Skinner W R 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 1145
[8] Hays P B, Wang J X 1991 Appl. Opt. 30 3100
[9] Hays P B 1990 Appl. Opt. 29 1482
[10] Liang S, Zhang C X, Lin B, Lin W T, Li Q, Zhong X, Li L J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 124217
[11] Zhang X J, Feng X, Zhang D K, Huang Y D 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124203
[12] Liu Z Y, Kobayashi T K 1996 Opt. Rev. 3 47
[13] Bruneau D 2001 Appl. Opt. 40 391
[14] Bruneau D, Garnier A, Hertzog A, Porteneuve J 2004 Appl. Opt. 43 173
[15] Bruneau D, Pelon J 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 1101
[16] Wang L, Tan L Q, Li S C, Di H G, Wang Y F, Hua D X 2013 Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 30 98 (in Chinese) [汪丽, 谭林秋, 李仕春, 狄慧鸽, 王玉峰, 华灯鑫 2013 量子电子学报 30 98]
[17] Bruneau D 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 503
[18] Yang C H, Shen F H, Sun D S 2009 Laser Infr. 39 724 (in Chinese) [杨春沪, 沈法华, 孙东松 2009 激光与红外 39 724]
[19] Wang L, Zhao B C, Zhang C M 2008 Opt. Prec. Eng. 16 426 (in Chinese) [汪丽, 赵葆常, 张淳民 2008 光学精密工程 16 426]
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[1] Shen F H, Shu Z F, Sun D S, Wang Z C, Xue X H, Chen T D, Dou X K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060704 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 舒志峰, 孙东松, 王忠纯, 薛向辉, 陈廷娣, 窦贤康 2011 物理学报 60 060704]
[2] McKay J A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 6480
[3] McKay J A 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 6487
[4] Shen F H, Shu Z F, Sun D S, Wang Z C, Xue X H, Chen T D, Dou X K 2012 Acta Phys.Sin. 61 030702 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 舒志峰, 孙东松, 王忠纯, 薛向辉, 陈廷娣, 窦贤康 2012 物理学报 61 030702]
[5] Shen F H, Sun D S, Liu C L, Qiu C Q, Shu Z F 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 220702 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 孙东松, 刘成林, 仇成群, 舒志峰 2013 物理学报 62 220702]
[6] Du J, Ren D M, Zhao W J, Qu Y C, Chen Z L, Geng L J 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 024211
[7] Irgang T D, Hays P B, Skinner W R 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 1145
[8] Hays P B, Wang J X 1991 Appl. Opt. 30 3100
[9] Hays P B 1990 Appl. Opt. 29 1482
[10] Liang S, Zhang C X, Lin B, Lin W T, Li Q, Zhong X, Li L J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 124217
[11] Zhang X J, Feng X, Zhang D K, Huang Y D 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 124203
[12] Liu Z Y, Kobayashi T K 1996 Opt. Rev. 3 47
[13] Bruneau D 2001 Appl. Opt. 40 391
[14] Bruneau D, Garnier A, Hertzog A, Porteneuve J 2004 Appl. Opt. 43 173
[15] Bruneau D, Pelon J 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 1101
[16] Wang L, Tan L Q, Li S C, Di H G, Wang Y F, Hua D X 2013 Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 30 98 (in Chinese) [汪丽, 谭林秋, 李仕春, 狄慧鸽, 王玉峰, 华灯鑫 2013 量子电子学报 30 98]
[17] Bruneau D 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 503
[18] Yang C H, Shen F H, Sun D S 2009 Laser Infr. 39 724 (in Chinese) [杨春沪, 沈法华, 孙东松 2009 激光与红外 39 724]
[19] Wang L, Zhao B C, Zhang C M 2008 Opt. Prec. Eng. 16 426 (in Chinese) [汪丽, 赵葆常, 张淳民 2008 光学精密工程 16 426]
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