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In recent years, a great many of effect data obtained from the high current pulsed electron beam play an important role in the studying of X-ray thermal-mechanical effects. Energy deposition profile is the criterion to measure the equivalence of thermal-mechanical effects between high-current electron beam and X-rays. To adjust the energy deposition profiles to improve the equivalence of the simulations of X-ray and thermal-mechanical effect, the intense electron beam energy deposition profile measurement should be studied. Two-dimensional distribution measurement which is an important part of the energy deposition profile is to obtain a two-dimension (r, θ) incidence angle distribution. A new method of measuring the incidence angle based on small Faraday cup array covered with aluminum films, called modified multi-layer stacking, is presented in this paper. With the help of the filtered Faraday cups, the transmission fraction of the electron beam confined at a specific position and time is stored. Two-dimension incidence angle distribution on the anode target that changes over the working time is obtained with these transmission fractions by computer calculation. The result indicates that the two-dimension incidence angle distribution has a close relationship with the pinch of the beam. The electrons tend to move vertically to the equipotential line when the diode is under Child-Langmuir flow, then they hit the target in a small angle range (E×B drift, the trajectory of the electrons becomes a slanted helix with pitch changing. The incidence angle then increases to about 60° from small angle.
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Keywords:
- intense electron beam /
- incidence angle /
- measurement method /
- Faraday cup array
[1] Qiao D J 2012 Pulsed X-ray Thermal-mechanical Effects and Fundament of Nuclear Hardening Techniques (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p1 (in Chinese) [乔登江 2012 脉冲X射线热-力学效应及加固技术基础(北京:国防工业出版社)第1页]
[2] Oswald Jr R B, McLean F B, Schallhom D R, Oldham T R 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 3563
[3] Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Peng J C, Yang H L, He X P, Shi L, Tang J P, Zhou N, Ding S, Niu S L 2002 Nuclear Techniques 25 714 (in Chinese) [邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 彭建昌, 杨海亮, 何小平, 石磊, 汤俊萍, 周南, 丁升, 牛胜利 2002 核技术 25 714]
[4] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Sun J F, Gao Y, Su Z F, Li J Y, Sun F J, Liang T X, Yin J H, Cong P T, Huang J J, Ren S Q 2009 Engin. Sci. 11 70 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 孙剑锋, 高屹, 苏兆峰, 李静雅, 孙凤举, 梁天学, 尹佳辉, 丛培天, 黄建军, 任书庆 2009 中国工程科学 11 70]
[5] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, He X P, Sun J F, Peng J C, Tang J P, Ren S Q, Ouyang X P, Zhang G G, Huang J J, Yang L, Wang H Y, Li H Y, Li J Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 406 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 何小平, 孙剑锋, 彭建昌, 汤俊萍, 任书庆, 欧阳晓平, 张国光, 黄建军, 杨莉, 王海洋, 李洪玉, 李静雅 2004 物理学报 53 406]
[6] Chen N, Jing X B, Gao F, Zhang L W, Yin Z J, Li S P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 785 (in Chinese) [陈楠, 荆晓兵, 高峰, 章林文, 阴泽杰, 李世平 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 785]
[7] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Huang J J, Sun J F 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 14 778 (in Chinese) [杨海亮,邱爱慈,张嘉生,黄建军,孙剑锋 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 778]
[8] Huang J J 2003 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology)( in Chinese)[黄建军 2003 硕士学位论文(西安: 西北核技术研究所)]
[9] Ji C S 1990 Handbook of Nuclear Radiation Detectors & Their Experiment Techniques (Beijing: Nuclear Power Press) p33 (in Chinese) [汲长松 1990 核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册(北京: 原子能出版社)第33页]
[10] Hu Y, Yang H L, Sun J F, Sun J, Zhang P F, Li J Y 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 054002 (in Chinese) [胡杨, 杨海亮, 孙剑锋, 孙江, 张鹏飞 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 054002]
[11] Li Y D, Wang H G, Liu C L, Zhang D H, Wang J G, Wang Y 2009 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 12 1866 (in Chinese) [李永东, 王洪广, 刘纯亮, 张殿辉, 王建国, 王玥 2009 强激光与粒子束 12 1866]
[12] Zuo Y H, Wang J G, Zhu J H, Fan R Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 016204 (in Chinese) [左应红, 王建国, 朱金辉, 范如玉 2012 物理学报 61 016204]
[13] Miller R B 1982 Introduction to the Physics of Intense Charged Particles (New York, London: Plenum Press) pp67-70
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[1] Qiao D J 2012 Pulsed X-ray Thermal-mechanical Effects and Fundament of Nuclear Hardening Techniques (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p1 (in Chinese) [乔登江 2012 脉冲X射线热-力学效应及加固技术基础(北京:国防工业出版社)第1页]
[2] Oswald Jr R B, McLean F B, Schallhom D R, Oldham T R 1973 J. Appl. Phys. 44 3563
[3] Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Peng J C, Yang H L, He X P, Shi L, Tang J P, Zhou N, Ding S, Niu S L 2002 Nuclear Techniques 25 714 (in Chinese) [邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 彭建昌, 杨海亮, 何小平, 石磊, 汤俊萍, 周南, 丁升, 牛胜利 2002 核技术 25 714]
[4] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Sun J F, Gao Y, Su Z F, Li J Y, Sun F J, Liang T X, Yin J H, Cong P T, Huang J J, Ren S Q 2009 Engin. Sci. 11 70 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 孙剑锋, 高屹, 苏兆峰, 李静雅, 孙凤举, 梁天学, 尹佳辉, 丛培天, 黄建军, 任书庆 2009 中国工程科学 11 70]
[5] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, He X P, Sun J F, Peng J C, Tang J P, Ren S Q, Ouyang X P, Zhang G G, Huang J J, Yang L, Wang H Y, Li H Y, Li J Y 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 406 (in Chinese) [杨海亮, 邱爱慈, 张嘉生, 何小平, 孙剑锋, 彭建昌, 汤俊萍, 任书庆, 欧阳晓平, 张国光, 黄建军, 杨莉, 王海洋, 李洪玉, 李静雅 2004 物理学报 53 406]
[6] Chen N, Jing X B, Gao F, Zhang L W, Yin Z J, Li S P 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 785 (in Chinese) [陈楠, 荆晓兵, 高峰, 章林文, 阴泽杰, 李世平 2012 强激光与粒子束 24 785]
[7] Yang H L, Qiu A C, Zhang J S, Huang J J, Sun J F 2002 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 14 778 (in Chinese) [杨海亮,邱爱慈,张嘉生,黄建军,孙剑锋 2002 强激光与粒子束 14 778]
[8] Huang J J 2003 M. S. Dissertation (Xi'an: Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology)( in Chinese)[黄建军 2003 硕士学位论文(西安: 西北核技术研究所)]
[9] Ji C S 1990 Handbook of Nuclear Radiation Detectors & Their Experiment Techniques (Beijing: Nuclear Power Press) p33 (in Chinese) [汲长松 1990 核辐射探测器及其实验技术手册(北京: 原子能出版社)第33页]
[10] Hu Y, Yang H L, Sun J F, Sun J, Zhang P F, Li J Y 2015 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 27 054002 (in Chinese) [胡杨, 杨海亮, 孙剑锋, 孙江, 张鹏飞 2015 强激光与粒子束 27 054002]
[11] Li Y D, Wang H G, Liu C L, Zhang D H, Wang J G, Wang Y 2009 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 12 1866 (in Chinese) [李永东, 王洪广, 刘纯亮, 张殿辉, 王建国, 王玥 2009 强激光与粒子束 12 1866]
[12] Zuo Y H, Wang J G, Zhu J H, Fan R Y 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 016204 (in Chinese) [左应红, 王建国, 朱金辉, 范如玉 2012 物理学报 61 016204]
[13] Miller R B 1982 Introduction to the Physics of Intense Charged Particles (New York, London: Plenum Press) pp67-70
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