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Graphene (GN), a monolayer two-dimensional (2D) system closely arranged into a benzene ring structure by C atoms, has so far aroused considerable research interest due to its novel electronic, magnetic, mechanical and thermal properties. But 2D GN is a semimetal with zero band gap, and the lowest conduction band touches the highest valence band at Fermi level, leading to the inability to achieve the off effect in the electronic device. Therefore, many researchers are searching the solutions. A simple and feasible method is to convert 2D GN into quasi-one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons, quantum-dot arrays (QDAs) and zero-dimensional (0D) quantum-dot by tailoring it along a specific single crystallographic direction. The QDAs, due to their structural diversity, have great potential applications in future nano-integrated circuit. In this work, first-principles method based on density functional theory is used to study the magneto-electronic and magnetic transport properties of four 1D quantum-dot arrays (1D QDAs) consisting of triangular graphene nanoflakes with different linking modes. The calculated binding energy suggests that these structures are very stable, and the arrays that are linked by the bottom-side are more stable than that only by the vertex. In particular, it is found that the electronic and magnetic features are not only related to the different magnetic states, but also depend on linking modes. For example, in the non-magnetism state, different QDAs can be a metal or a narrowed band-gap semiconductor. In the ferromagnetic state, different QDAs can be half-metal materials or bipolar magnetic semiconductors with different gaps, and have greatly different magnetic moments from 1.985 to 7.994B/unit cell, reaching a difference almost as large as four times. While in the antiferromagnetic state, all QDAs are semiconductors but with different gaps. These results imply that the linking modes play a crucial role in effectively tuning the electronic and magnetic features for nanostructures. The calculated atom-projected density of states indicates that the highest valence band and the lowest conduction band are determined by the edge C atoms. The half-metallic and bipolar magnetic semiconducting behaviors presented by 1D QDA are extremely important for developing magnetic devices, which is not found in the intrinsic graphene nanoribbons. And, we also investigate the magnetic device properties based on one kind of QDA, and the single or dual spin-filtering effect with the perfect (100%) spin polarization and a rectification ratio of about 104 can be predicted. Particularly, a giant magnetoresistance over 109% is found unambiguously, which is two orders of magnitude higher than the value predicted based on the zigzag graphene nanoribbons and five orders of magnitude higher than previously reported experimental values for the MgO tunnel junction. Our results thus provide strong evidence for the effectiveness of QDAs on the magneto-electronic properties.
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Keywords:
- triangular graphene nanoflake /
- 1D quantum-dot array /
- magneto-electronic properties /
- magnetic transport properties
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[1] Noveselov K S, Geim A K, Morozov S V, Jiang D, Zhang Y, Dubonosn S V, Grigorieva I V, Firsov A A 2004 Science 306 666
[2] Weiss N O, Zhou H L, Liao L, Liu Y, Jiang S, Huang Y, Duan X F 2012 Adv. Mater. 24 5782
[3] Katsnelson M I, Novoselov K S, Geim A K 2006 Nat. Phys. 2 620
[4] Katsnelson M I, Novoselov K S 2007 Solid State Commun. 14 3
[5] Zhang Y B, Tan Y W, Stormer H L, Kim P 2005 Nature 438 201
[6] Morozov S V, Novoselov K S, Katsnelson M I, Schedin F, Elias D C, Jaszczak J A, Geim A K 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 016602
[7] Lee C, Wei X D, Kysar J W, Hone J 2008 Science 321 385
[8] Hu J N, Ruan X L, Chen Y P 2009 Nano Lett. 9 2730
[9] Evans W J, Hu L, Keblinski P 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 203112
[10] Kusakabe K, Maruyama M 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 092406
[11] Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Nature 444 347
[12] Pisani L, Chan J A, Montanari B, Harrison N M 2007 Phys. Rev. B 75 064418
[13] Huang B, Liu F, Wu J, Gu B L, Duan W H 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 153411
[14] Chen Y, Hu H F, Wang X W, Zhang Z J, Cheng C P 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 196101 (in Chinese)[陈鹰, 胡慧芳, 王晓伟, 张照锦, 程彩萍 2015 物理学报 64 196101]
[15] Fernandez-Rossier J, Palacios J J 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 177204
[16] Wang W L, Meng S, Kairas E 2007 Nano Lett. 8 241
[17] Ezawa M 2007 Phys. Rev. B 76 245415
[18] Hod O, Barone V, Scuseria G E 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 035411
[19] Son Y W, Cohen M L, Louie S G 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 216803
[20] Hod O, Barone V, Scuseria G E 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 035411
[21] Wang W L, Yazyev O V, Meng S, Kaxiras E 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 157201
[22] Ezawa M 2010 Physica E 42 703
[23] Li J, Zhang Z H, Zhang J J, Deng X Q 2012 Org. Electron. 13 2257
[24] Zhang J J, Zhang Z H, Guo C, Li J, Deng X Q 2012 Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin. 28 1701 (in Chinese)[张俊俊, 张振华, 郭超, 李杰, 邓小清 2012 物理化学学报 28 1701]
[25] Lee G, Cho K 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 165440
[26] Wang D, Zhang Z H, Deng X Q, Fan Z Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 207101 (in Chinese)[王鼎, 张振华, 邓小清, 范志强 2013 物理学报 62 207101]
[27] Yuan P F, Tian W, Zeng Y C, Zhang Z H, Zhang J J 2014 Org. Electron. 15 3577
[28] Wang D, Zhang Z, Zhu Z, Liang B 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7587
[29] Taylor J, Guo H, Wang J 2001 Phys. Rev. B 63 245407
[30] Brandbyge M, Mozos J L, Ordejon P, Taylor J, Stokbro K 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 165401
[31] Zeng J, Chen K Q, He J, Zhang X J, Sun C Q 2011 J. Phys. Chem. C 115 25072
[32] Perdew J P, Burke K, Ernzerhof M 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3865
[33] Nakada K, Fujita M, Dresselhaus G, Dresselhaus M S 1996 Phys. Rev. B 54 17954
[34] Fujita M, Wakabayashi K, Nakada K, Kusakabe K 1996 J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 65 1920
[35] Yan Q M, Huang B, Yu J, Zheng F W, Zang J, Wu J, Gu B L, Liu F, Duan W H 2007 Nano Lett. 7 1469
[36] Yu D, Lupton E M, Gao H J, Zhang C, Liu F 2008 Nano Res. 1 497
[37] de Groot R A, Mueller F M, van Engen P G, Buschow K H J 1983 Phys. Rev. Lett. 50 2024
[38] Prinz G A 1998 Science 282 1660
[39] Wolf S A, Awschalom D D, Buhrman R A, Daughton J M, von Molnar S, Roukes M L, Chtchelkanova A Y, Treger D M 2001 Science 294 1488
[40] Munoz-Rojas F, Fernandez-Rossier J, Palacios J J 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 136810
[41] Landauer R 1970 Philos. Mag. 21 863
[42] Parkin S S, Kaiser C, Panchula A, Rice P M, Hughes B, Samant M, Yang S H 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 862
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