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Multiphase jets and cavitation problems are inevitable for high-speed underwater vehicles propelled by jet engines. Unlike being injected into stagnant water, the gaseous jet behind a underwater vehicle is usually conjugated with a tail cavity. The pulsation and collapse of such cavities can seriously affect the vehicle performance. In this study, the shape character, forming mechanism and control conditions for the supersonic gaseous jet induced tail cavity at the wake of a revolution body are experimentally investigated in a water tunnel. The induced cavity is ventilated only by a convergent-divergent nozzle with a designed Mach number of 2.45. The form of the cavity is recorded through two high-speed cameras both horizontally and vertically under different Froude numbers and ventilation rates. The time averaged form is thus obtained through digital image processing to eliminate the transient characteristics of the cavity. The experiment is conducted with the Froude number ranging from 3.2 to 16.2, and the ventilation rate 0 to 0.5. Due to the high density and velocity ratio between water and gas, the structure of such flow is usually very complicated. Many novel phenomena of the jet-cavity interaction are observed. With increasing stagnation pressure of the central jet, the induced cavities evolves form foamy, intact, partially break, to pulsating foamy closure type. The foamy and intact tail cavities share the same profile and characteristics that of a supercavity. And the pulsating foamy closure type was never observed before in a traditional supercavitating flow. The outline of the pulsating foamy cavity is the same as the foamy cavity's, indicating that they have the similar forming mechanism. A comparison with the jet-cavity interaction model is made and the following conclusions are obtained:the real ventilation rate, which corresponds to the re-entrant jet gas blocked by the cavity boundary, is the key factor in controlling the cavity form. When the gaseous jet is completely blocked by the water-gas interface, an intact or foamy cavity will be formed. A partially break cavity appears only when some fraction of the jet is blocked and this is when some of the strongest interactions between jet and cavity occurs. When little gas was blocked by the interface, a pulsating foamy cavity forms. With the structure of gaseous jet considered, the transition of the induced cavity closure between different types is in favour of the prediction from Paryshev's model of cavity closure to a central jet. The variation of the cavity form, thus the interaction strength between jet and cavity, coincides with the real ventilation rate estimated through the theoretical model.
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Keywords:
- submerged gaseous jet /
- tail cavity /
- supersonic /
- multiphase flow
[1] Karn A, Arndt R E A, Hong J R 2016 J. Fluid Mech. 789 259
[2] Wosnik M, Arndt R E A 2013 J. Fluids Eng. 135 011304
[3] Shi H H, Wang J F, Chen S, Dong R L 2014 J. USTC 233 (in Chinese) [施红辉, 汪剑锋, 陈帅, 董若凌 2014 中国科学技术大学学报 233]
[4] Wang C, Shi H H, Wang J F 2016 CIESC J. 67 2291(in Chinese) [王超, 施红辉, 汪剑锋 2016 化工学报 67 2291]
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[6] Kishnan M 2013 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 45 379
[7] Makiharju S A, Lee I H R, Filip G P, Maki K J, Ceccio S L 2017 J. Fluid Mech. 818 141
[8] Rek Z, Gregorc J, Bouaifi M, Daniel C 2017 Chem. Eng. Sci. 172 667
[9] Paryshev E V 2006 J. Eng. Math. 55 41
[10] Kirschner I, Moeny M, Krane M, Kinzel M 2015 J. Phys.: Conference Series Lausanne, Switzerland, December 6-10, 2015 p012156
[11] Moeny M, Krane M, Kirschner I, Kinzel M 2015 J. Phys.: Conference Series Lausanne, Switzerland, December 6-10, 2015 p012162
[12] Kinzel M P, Krane M H, Kirschner I N, Moeny M J 2017 Ocean Eng. 136 304
[13] He X, Lu C J, Cheng X 2010 J. Hydrodyn. 367 (in Chinese) [何晓, 鲁传敬, 陈鑫 2010 水动力学研究与进展: A辑 367]
[14] Yi S H 2013 Supersonic and Hypersonic Nozzle Design (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p77 (in Chinese) [易仕和 2013 超声速与高超声速喷管设计(北京: 国防工业出版社)第77页]
[15] Zhang X W, Wei Y J, Zhang J Z, Wang C, Yu K P 2007 J. Hydrodyn. 19 564
[16] Kawakami E, Arndt R E 2011 J. Fluids Eng. 133 091305
[17] Spazzini P G, Iuso G, Onorato M, Zurlo N, Di Cicca G M 2001 Exp. Fluids 30 551
[18] Drazin P G, Reid W H 2004 Hydrodynamic Stability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p17
[19] Logvinovich G V 1972 Hydrodynamics of Free-boundary Flows (Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd.) p109
[20] Zhao F, Zhang Y L, Zhu R, Wang H 2014 J. USTB 36 366(in Chinese) [赵飞, 张延玲, 朱荣, 王慧 2014 北京科技大学学报 36 366]
[21] Zhang X S, Xu H, Wang C, Lu H Z, Zhao J 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054702(in Chinese) [张孝石, 许昊, 王聪, 陆宏志, 赵静 2017 物理学报 66 054702]
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[1] Karn A, Arndt R E A, Hong J R 2016 J. Fluid Mech. 789 259
[2] Wosnik M, Arndt R E A 2013 J. Fluids Eng. 135 011304
[3] Shi H H, Wang J F, Chen S, Dong R L 2014 J. USTC 233 (in Chinese) [施红辉, 汪剑锋, 陈帅, 董若凌 2014 中国科学技术大学学报 233]
[4] Wang C, Shi H H, Wang J F 2016 CIESC J. 67 2291(in Chinese) [王超, 施红辉, 汪剑锋 2016 化工学报 67 2291]
[5] Berna C, Julia J E, Escriva A, Munoz-Cobo J L, Pastor J V, Mico C 2017 Exp. Therm Fluid Sci. 82 32
[6] Kishnan M 2013 Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 45 379
[7] Makiharju S A, Lee I H R, Filip G P, Maki K J, Ceccio S L 2017 J. Fluid Mech. 818 141
[8] Rek Z, Gregorc J, Bouaifi M, Daniel C 2017 Chem. Eng. Sci. 172 667
[9] Paryshev E V 2006 J. Eng. Math. 55 41
[10] Kirschner I, Moeny M, Krane M, Kinzel M 2015 J. Phys.: Conference Series Lausanne, Switzerland, December 6-10, 2015 p012156
[11] Moeny M, Krane M, Kirschner I, Kinzel M 2015 J. Phys.: Conference Series Lausanne, Switzerland, December 6-10, 2015 p012162
[12] Kinzel M P, Krane M H, Kirschner I N, Moeny M J 2017 Ocean Eng. 136 304
[13] He X, Lu C J, Cheng X 2010 J. Hydrodyn. 367 (in Chinese) [何晓, 鲁传敬, 陈鑫 2010 水动力学研究与进展: A辑 367]
[14] Yi S H 2013 Supersonic and Hypersonic Nozzle Design (Beijing: National Defense Industry Press) p77 (in Chinese) [易仕和 2013 超声速与高超声速喷管设计(北京: 国防工业出版社)第77页]
[15] Zhang X W, Wei Y J, Zhang J Z, Wang C, Yu K P 2007 J. Hydrodyn. 19 564
[16] Kawakami E, Arndt R E 2011 J. Fluids Eng. 133 091305
[17] Spazzini P G, Iuso G, Onorato M, Zurlo N, Di Cicca G M 2001 Exp. Fluids 30 551
[18] Drazin P G, Reid W H 2004 Hydrodynamic Stability (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) p17
[19] Logvinovich G V 1972 Hydrodynamics of Free-boundary Flows (Jerusalem: Israel Program for Scientific Translations Ltd.) p109
[20] Zhao F, Zhang Y L, Zhu R, Wang H 2014 J. USTB 36 366(in Chinese) [赵飞, 张延玲, 朱荣, 王慧 2014 北京科技大学学报 36 366]
[21] Zhang X S, Xu H, Wang C, Lu H Z, Zhao J 2017 Acta Phys. Sin. 66 054702(in Chinese) [张孝石, 许昊, 王聪, 陆宏志, 赵静 2017 物理学报 66 054702]
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