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摘要: 提出了一种网络多用户量子认证和密钥分配理论方案.类似于现代密码学中的网络认证体系结构提出了一种基于网络中用户与所属的可信服务器之间共享Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR)纠缠对进行身份认证和密钥分配的分布式客户机/服务器体系结构.基于该体系结构实现网络中任意用户之间的身份认证和密钥分配.可信服务器只提供用户的身份认证以及 交换粒子之间的纠缠使得两个想要秘密通信的用户的粒子纠缠起来.密钥的生成由发起请求 的用户自己完成.网络中的用户只需和所属的可信服务器共享EPR纠缠对通过经典信道和量子 信道与服务器通信.用户不需要互相共享EPR纠缠对，这使得网络中的EPR对的数量由O(n2)减小到O(n).
Abstract: A theoretical scheme for multi-user quantum authentication and key distribution in a network is proposed. Similar to the authentication architecture of the netw ork in classical cryptography, a distributed client/server architecture with the shared Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) entangled pairs between each user and his t rusted server used for the authentication and key distribution is proposed. Base d on this architecture, any-to-any multi-user quantum authentication and key dis tribution is realized. The trusted server only provides the authentication betwe en users and swaps the entanglement between the particles so as to entangle the particles of the two users who want to communicate secretly. The key generation is performed by the requesting user. Each user in a network only shares Einstein -Podolsky-Rosen entangled pairs with the trusted server and communicates with th e trusted server through the classical channel and quantum channel. Users need n ot share EPR entangled pairs with each other so that the number of EPR pairs in the network is reduced from O(n2) to O(n).
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