基于探针光调制的皮秒分辨X-ray探测方法与实验

王博; 白永林; 曹伟伟; 徐鹏; 刘百玉; 缑永胜; 朱炳利; 候洵

doi:10.7498/aps.64.200701

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基于探针光调制的皮秒分辨X-ray探测方法与实验

王博 , 白永林 , 曹伟伟 , 徐鹏 , 刘百玉 , 缑永胜 , 朱炳利 , 候洵

基于探针光调制的皮秒分辨X-ray探测方法与实验

王博, 白永林, 曹伟伟, 徐鹏, 刘百玉, 缑永胜, 朱炳利, 候洵

物理学报. 2015, 64(20): 200701.

doi: 10.7498/aps.64.200701.

摘要

高能密度物理研究中涉及许多单次皮秒现象的诊断测量, 然而对单次X-ray脉冲形状、X-ray与激光脉冲的皮秒精度同步依然是极具挑战的课题. 传统行波选通分幅相机受电子渡越时间限制, 难以突破40 ps时间分辨极限. 本文围绕半导体中光学探针光的全光调制效应, 提出一种以低温GaAs材料为基础, 实现皮秒时间分辨X-ray探测的新方法, 详细阐述了该探测器的工作机理、器件参数设计和时间分辨能力. 通过飞秒激光打靶实验, 验证了其概念设计的正确性. 结果表明该探测器具有约1.5 ps时间响应和10 ps时间分辨能力, 通过材料优化可将时间分辨提升至1 ps以内.

关键词:

作者及机构信息

1.
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室, 西安 710119;

2.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;

3.
中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 超快诊断技术重点实验室, 西安 710119

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11305259, 11327303)和财政部重大科研装备仪器项目资助的课题.

参考文献

[1]	Hu X, Jiang S E, Cui Y L Huang Y X, Ding Y K, Liu Z L, Yi R Q, Li C G, Zhang J H, Zhang H Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1447 (in Chinese) [胡昕, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 黄翼翔, 丁永坤, 刘忠礼, 易荣清, 李朝光, 张景和, 张华全 2007 物理学报 56 1447]
[2]	Wang R R, Jia G, Fang Z H, Wang W, Meng X F, Xie Z Y, Zhang F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 113201
[3]	Pawley C J, Deniz A V 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1286
[4]	Schneider M B, Holder J P, James D L, Bruns H C, Celeste J R, Compton J 2006 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 321
[5]	Goda K, Tsia K K, Jalali B 2009 Nature 458 1145
[6]	Chris H S, John E H 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1389
[7]	Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 031107
[8]	Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W, Remington B A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151111
[9]	Durbin S M, Clevenger T, Graber T, Henning R 2012 Nature Photon. 6 111
[10]	Gibbs H M 1995 Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Orlando: Academic Press) pp135-137
[11]	Ziaja B, London R A, Hajdu J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 033514
[12]	Liang L L, Tian J S, Wang T, Li F L, Gao G L, Wang J F, Wang C, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Cao X B, Wen W L, Xin L W, Liu H L, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 060702 (in Chinese) [梁玲亮, 田进寿, 汪韬, 李福利, 高贵龙, 王俊锋, 王超, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 曹希斌, 温文龙, 辛丽伟, 刘虎林, 王兴 2014 物理学报 63 060702]

施引文献

[1]	Hu X, Jiang S E, Cui Y L Huang Y X, Ding Y K, Liu Z L, Yi R Q, Li C G, Zhang J H, Zhang H Q 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1447 (in Chinese) [胡昕, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 黄翼翔, 丁永坤, 刘忠礼, 易荣清, 李朝光, 张景和, 张华全 2007 物理学报 56 1447]
[2]	Wang R R, Jia G, Fang Z H, Wang W, Meng X F, Xie Z Y, Zhang F 2014 Chin. Phys. B 23 113201
[3]	Pawley C J, Deniz A V 2000 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 71 1286
[4]	Schneider M B, Holder J P, James D L, Bruns H C, Celeste J R, Compton J 2006 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 77 321
[5]	Goda K, Tsia K K, Jalali B 2009 Nature 458 1145
[6]	Chris H S, John E H 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1389
[7]	Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 031107
[8]	Baker K L, Stewart R E, Steele P T, Vernon S P, Hsing W W, Remington B A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 151111
[9]	Durbin S M, Clevenger T, Graber T, Henning R 2012 Nature Photon. 6 111
[10]	Gibbs H M 1995 Optical Bistability: Controlling Light with Light (Orlando: Academic Press) pp135-137
[11]	Ziaja B, London R A, Hajdu J 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 99 033514
[12]	Liang L L, Tian J S, Wang T, Li F L, Gao G L, Wang J F, Wang C, Lu Y, Xu X Y, Cao X B, Wen W L, Xin L W, Liu H L, Wang X 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 060702 (in Chinese) [梁玲亮, 田进寿, 汪韬, 李福利, 高贵龙, 王俊锋, 王超, 卢裕, 徐向晏, 曹希斌, 温文龙, 辛丽伟, 刘虎林, 王兴 2014 物理学报 63 060702]

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物理学报. 2015, 64(20): 200701.

doi: 10.7498/aps.64.200701.

基于探针光调制的皮秒分辨X-ray探测方法与实验

王博^{1 2 3}
白永林³
曹伟伟³
徐鹏³
刘百玉³
缑永胜^{1 2 3}
朱炳利³
候洵¹

1. 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 瞬态光学与光子技术国家重点实验室, 西安 710119;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3. 中国科学院西安光学精密机械研究所, 超快诊断技术重点实验室, 西安 710119

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11305259, 11327303)和财政部重大科研装备仪器项目资助的课题.

收稿日期: 2015-04-23
修回日期: 2015-06-12
刊出日期: 2015-10-05

摘要: 高能密度物理研究中涉及许多单次皮秒现象的诊断测量, 然而对单次X-ray脉冲形状、X-ray与激光脉冲的皮秒精度同步依然是极具挑战的课题. 传统行波选通分幅相机受电子渡越时间限制, 难以突破40 ps时间分辨极限. 本文围绕半导体中光学探针光的全光调制效应, 提出一种以低温GaAs材料为基础, 实现皮秒时间分辨X-ray探测的新方法, 详细阐述了该探测器的工作机理、器件参数设计和时间分辨能力. 通过飞秒激光打靶实验, 验证了其概念设计的正确性. 结果表明该探测器具有约1.5 ps时间响应和10 ps时间分辨能力, 通过材料优化可将时间分辨提升至1 ps以内.

关键词:

English Abstract

Picosecond resolving detection method and experiment for ultrafast X-ray by modulation of an optical probe

1.
State Key Laboratory of Transient Optics and Photonics, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China;

2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;

3.
Key Laboratory of Ultrafast Diagnostic Technique, Xi'an Institute of Optics and Precision Mechanics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710119, China

Fund Project:
Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11305259, 11327303) and the Ministry of Finance Major Research Equipment Project, China.

Received Date: 23 April 2015
Accepted Date: 12 June 2015
Published Online: 05 October 2015

Abstract: Diagnostic measurement of single picosecond event in high energy density physics, laser fusion, plasma radiation, and combustion, is of great importance. However, the measuring of the shape of the single X-ray pulse and the synchronization of X-ray and the laser pulse in picosecond resolution is still a great challenge. Restricted by the transit time of electrons, the time-resolution limit of a conventional framing camera based on the microchannel plate is 40 ps. Centered on the full-optical modulation effect of the light-probe, a novel method for X-ray detection of picoseconds temporal resolution based on low temperature GaAs is proposed in this work. The basic physical mechanism of the detector can be explained in both macroscopical and microcosmic ways. In the macroscopical way, the X-ray radiation absorption in the sensor material produces a transient, non-equilibrium electron-hole pair distribution that results in a transient differential change of the local refractive index, which is then sensed by the reflectivity changes of the optical probe beam. In the microcosmic way, X-ray absorption creates photoelectrons and the core level holes are subsequently filled through Auger or fluorescence processes. These excitations ultimately increase conduction and valence band carriers that perturb optical reflectivity.#br#To verify the proposed X-ray detection method, a Fabry-Perot detector is designed, which consists of a 5 μm thick GaAs layer surrounded by a GaAs/AlAs distributed Bragg reflector. The test is carried out on a femtosecond laser facility, where the X-ray source is produced by focusing the 56 fs Ti: Sapphire facility laser, with a central wavelength of 800 nm, onto an aluminum foil. Then the X-ray pulse induces a transient optical reflectivity change in GaAs, which is a powerful tool for establishing the high-speed X-ray detection.#br#The experimental results indicate that this technology can be used to provide X-ray detectors with a temporal resolution of tens of picoseconds. By optimizing the material, the temporal resolution can be enhanced to be less than 1 ps. Through further development, this X-ray detector could provide an insight into previously unmeasurable phenomena in many fields. Future work will focus on developing much faster devices characterizing both the rise and fall time and imaging array technology.

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