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利用扫描隧道显微镜和扫描隧道谱(STM/STS)及单原子操纵,系统研究了单个钴原子(Co) 及其团簇在Rh (111)和Pd (111)两种表面的吸附和自旋电子输运性质. 发现单个Co原子在Rh (111)上有两种不同的稳定吸附位,分别对应于hcp和fcc空位, 他们的高度明显不同,在针尖的操纵下单个Co原子可以在两种吸附位之间相互转化. 在这两种吸附位的单个Co原子的STS谱的费米面附近都存在很显著的峰形结构, 经分析认为Rh (111)表面单个Co原子处于混价区,因此这一峰结构是d轨道共振 和近藤共振共同作用的结果.对于Rh (111)表面上的Co原子二聚体和三聚体, 其费米面附近没有观测到显著的峰,这可能是由于原子间磁交换相互作用 和原子间轨道杂化引起的体系态密度改变所共同导致.与Rh (111)表面不同, 在Pd (111)表面吸附的单个Co原子则表现出均一的高度.并且对于Pd (111)表面所有 单个Co原子及其二聚体和三聚体,在其STS谱的费米面附近均未探测到显著的电子结构, 表明Co原子吸附于Pd (111)表面具有与Rh (111)表面上不同的原子-衬底相互作用与自旋电子输运性质.We investigate the adsorption and electronic properties of single cobalt atoms and clusters adsorbed on Rh (111) and Pd (111) with scanning tunneling microscopy and scanning tunneling spectrum (STM/STS). It is found that there are two apparent heights for individual cobalt atoms on Rh (111), corresponding to Co atoms adsorbed hcp and fcc hollow sites. The Co atoms on both sites exhibit a notable peak near the Fermi energy, and the two peaks have a slight difference in peak shape. By fitting the dI/dV spectrum to the Fano lineshape, we find that the peak cannot be simply ascribed to the Kondo model. The peak position and full width at half maximum of the peak suggest that the magnetic impurity is in the mixed-valence regime rather than in the Kondo regime. And the peak can be interpreted as a combination of the Kondo resonance and bare d resonance. For Co dimers and trimers on Rh (111), there is no observable feature in their dI/dV spectra near the Fermi level. This is speculated to be due to the magnetic exchange interaction and orbital hybridization between Co atoms. For Co single atoms adsorbed on Pd (111) surface, only one apparent height is found, suggesting that it is due to a different interaction from Co on Rh (111) surface. We do not find notable feature near the Fermi level in the dI/dV spectra of all Co monomers, dimers and trimers.
[1] Jiang Y H, Liu L W, Yang K, Xiao W D, Gao H J 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 096401
[2] Zhao M H, Sun J J, Wang D, Zou Z Q, Liang Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 636 (in Chinese) [赵明海, 孙静静, 王丹, 邹志强, 梁齐 2010 物理学报 59 636]
[3] Zhang H G, Mao J H, Liu Q, Jiang N, Zhou H T, Guo H M, Shi D X, Gao H J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 018105
[4] Xu M J, Mayandi J, Wang X S, Jia J F, Xue Q K, Dou X M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 106102
[5] Dou W D, Zhang H J, Bao S N 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 026803
[6] Madhavan V, Chen W, Jamneala T, Crommie M F, Wingreen N S 1998 Science 280 567
[7] Manoharan H C, Lutz C P, Eigler D M 2000 Nature 403 512
[8] Knorr N, Schneider M A, Diekhoner L, Wahl P, Kern K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 096804
[9] Nagaoka K, Jamneala T, Grobis M, Crommie M F 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 077205
[10] Schneider M A, Vitali L, Knorr N, Kern K 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 121406
[11] Wahl P, Diekhoner L, Schneider M A, Vitali L, Wittich G, Kern K 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 176603
[12] Otte A F, Ternes M, von Bergmann K, Loth S, Brune H, Lutz C P, Hirjibehedin C F, Heinrich A J 2008 Nature Physics 4 847
[13] Hirjibehedin C F, Lin C Y, Otte A F, Ternes M, Lutz C P, Jones B A, Heinrich A J 2007 Science 317 1199
[14] Balashov T, Schuh T, Takács A F, Ernst A, Ostanin S, Henk J, Mertig I, Bruno P, Miyamachi T, Suga S, Wulfhekel W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 257203
[15] Chen W, Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Crommie M F 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 R8529
[16] Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Crommie M F 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 256804
[17] Wahl P, Simon P, Diekhöner L, Stepanyuk V S, Bruno P, Schneider M A, Kern K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 056601
[18] Neel N, Kroger J, Berndt R, Wehling T O, Lichtenstein A I, Katsnelson M I 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 266803
[19] Gambardella P, Rusponi S, Veronese M, Dhesi S S, Grazioli C, Dallmeyer A, Cabria I, Zeller R, Dederichs P H, Kern K, Carbone C, Brune H 2003 Science 300 1130
[20] Etz C, Zabloudil J, Weinberger P, Vedmedenko E Y 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 184425
[21] Blonski P, Lehnert A, Dennler S, Rusponi S, Etzkorn M, Moulas G, Bencok P, Gambardella P, Brune H, Hafner J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 104426
[22] Feng W, Feng X Y, Zhao A D, Li B, Wang B, Hou J G, Yang J L unpublished results
[23] Liu K, Wang B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 046801 (in Chinese) [刘锴, 王兵 2011 物理学报 60 046801]
[24] Qiu Y F, Du W H, Wang B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 036801 (in Chinese) [邱云飞, 杜文汉, 王兵 2011 物理学报 60 036801]
[25] Fano U 1961 Phys. Rev. 124 1866
[26] Madhavan V, Chen W, Jamneala T, Crommie M F, Wingreen N S 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 165412
[27] Bork J, Zhang Y-h, Diekhöner L, Borda L, Simon P, Kroha J, PeterWahl, Kern K 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 901
[28] Weissmann M, Saul A, Llois A M, Guevara J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 8405
[29] Lang N D 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 45
[30] Hewson A C 1993 The Kondo problem to heavy fermions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[31] Goldhaber-Gordon D, Göres J, Kastner M A, Shtrikman H, Mahalu D, Meirav U 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5225
[32] Bulka B R, Stefan'ski P 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 5128
[33] Costi T A, Hewson A C, Zlatic V 1994 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6 2519
[34] Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Chen W, Crommie M F 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 9990
[35] Alexander S, Anderson P W 1964 Phys. Rev. 133 1594
[36] Oswald A, Zeller R, Braspenning P J, Dederichs P H 1985 J. Phys. F 15 193
[37] Jayaprakash C, Krishna-murthy H R, Wilkins J W 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 47 737
[38] Savkin V V, Rubtsov A N, Katsnelson M I, Lichtenstein A I 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 026402
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[1] Jiang Y H, Liu L W, Yang K, Xiao W D, Gao H J 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 096401
[2] Zhao M H, Sun J J, Wang D, Zou Z Q, Liang Q 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 636 (in Chinese) [赵明海, 孙静静, 王丹, 邹志强, 梁齐 2010 物理学报 59 636]
[3] Zhang H G, Mao J H, Liu Q, Jiang N, Zhou H T, Guo H M, Shi D X, Gao H J 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 018105
[4] Xu M J, Mayandi J, Wang X S, Jia J F, Xue Q K, Dou X M 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 106102
[5] Dou W D, Zhang H J, Bao S N 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 026803
[6] Madhavan V, Chen W, Jamneala T, Crommie M F, Wingreen N S 1998 Science 280 567
[7] Manoharan H C, Lutz C P, Eigler D M 2000 Nature 403 512
[8] Knorr N, Schneider M A, Diekhoner L, Wahl P, Kern K 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 096804
[9] Nagaoka K, Jamneala T, Grobis M, Crommie M F 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88 077205
[10] Schneider M A, Vitali L, Knorr N, Kern K 2002 Phys. Rev. B 65 121406
[11] Wahl P, Diekhoner L, Schneider M A, Vitali L, Wittich G, Kern K 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 176603
[12] Otte A F, Ternes M, von Bergmann K, Loth S, Brune H, Lutz C P, Hirjibehedin C F, Heinrich A J 2008 Nature Physics 4 847
[13] Hirjibehedin C F, Lin C Y, Otte A F, Ternes M, Lutz C P, Jones B A, Heinrich A J 2007 Science 317 1199
[14] Balashov T, Schuh T, Takács A F, Ernst A, Ostanin S, Henk J, Mertig I, Bruno P, Miyamachi T, Suga S, Wulfhekel W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 257203
[15] Chen W, Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Crommie M F 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 R8529
[16] Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Crommie M F 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 256804
[17] Wahl P, Simon P, Diekhöner L, Stepanyuk V S, Bruno P, Schneider M A, Kern K 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 056601
[18] Neel N, Kroger J, Berndt R, Wehling T O, Lichtenstein A I, Katsnelson M I 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 266803
[19] Gambardella P, Rusponi S, Veronese M, Dhesi S S, Grazioli C, Dallmeyer A, Cabria I, Zeller R, Dederichs P H, Kern K, Carbone C, Brune H 2003 Science 300 1130
[20] Etz C, Zabloudil J, Weinberger P, Vedmedenko E Y 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 184425
[21] Blonski P, Lehnert A, Dennler S, Rusponi S, Etzkorn M, Moulas G, Bencok P, Gambardella P, Brune H, Hafner J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 104426
[22] Feng W, Feng X Y, Zhao A D, Li B, Wang B, Hou J G, Yang J L unpublished results
[23] Liu K, Wang B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 046801 (in Chinese) [刘锴, 王兵 2011 物理学报 60 046801]
[24] Qiu Y F, Du W H, Wang B 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 036801 (in Chinese) [邱云飞, 杜文汉, 王兵 2011 物理学报 60 036801]
[25] Fano U 1961 Phys. Rev. 124 1866
[26] Madhavan V, Chen W, Jamneala T, Crommie M F, Wingreen N S 2001 Phys. Rev. B 64 165412
[27] Bork J, Zhang Y-h, Diekhöner L, Borda L, Simon P, Kroha J, PeterWahl, Kern K 2011 Nat. Phys. 7 901
[28] Weissmann M, Saul A, Llois A M, Guevara J 1999 Phys. Rev. B 59 8405
[29] Lang N D 1987 Phys. Rev. Lett. 58 45
[30] Hewson A C 1993 The Kondo problem to heavy fermions (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press)
[31] Goldhaber-Gordon D, Göres J, Kastner M A, Shtrikman H, Mahalu D, Meirav U 1998 Phys. Rev. Lett. 81 5225
[32] Bulka B R, Stefan'ski P 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 86 5128
[33] Costi T A, Hewson A C, Zlatic V 1994 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 6 2519
[34] Jamneala T, Madhavan V, Chen W, Crommie M F 2000 Phys. Rev. B 61 9990
[35] Alexander S, Anderson P W 1964 Phys. Rev. 133 1594
[36] Oswald A, Zeller R, Braspenning P J, Dederichs P H 1985 J. Phys. F 15 193
[37] Jayaprakash C, Krishna-murthy H R, Wilkins J W 1981 Phys. Rev. Lett. 47 737
[38] Savkin V V, Rubtsov A N, Katsnelson M I, Lichtenstein A I 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 026402
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