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针对脉冲星导航技术中延时估计这一关键问题, 提出了频域上直接使用脉冲星信号测量到达时间集合进行时延估计的方法——多谐波脉冲星信号时延估计(MHSPE)方法. 该方法建立在频域上相位时延的极大似然估计的基础上, 通过高次谐波对脉冲星观测信号提取出各谐波相位的极大似然估计, 然后取频谱上各谐波的幅值进行归一化作为各谐波相位的权值, 最后取各谐波相位的加权平均作为该时刻的相位估计. 理论上证得MHSPE算法对相位的估计是无偏、一致的, 相比于频域上一次谐波的极大似然估计, MHSPE方法的信噪比随谐波数m的增加而增加, 当各谐波幅值相同时, 信噪比可提高m1/2倍; 与脉冲星信号时延的克拉美罗界比较, 脉冲星信号时域的导数在频域上的反映就是各谐波分量的数量, 因此随着谐波次数的增加脉冲星信号时延估计可极大趋近克拉美罗界. 采用RXTE航天器对Crab脉冲星的实测数据检验MHSPE方法的性能, 实验结果表明, 针对低信噪比的脉冲星信号, MHSPE可获得高精度的相位估计, 随观测时间增加, 估计精度快速收敛于克拉美罗界.
[1] Shuai P, Li M, Chen S L, Huang Z 2009 The principle and method the X-ray pulsar-Based navigation system (Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House) p20 (in Chinese) [帅平, 李明, 陈绍龙, 黄震 2009 X射线脉冲星导航系统原理与方法(北京: 中国宇航出版社) 第20页]
[2] Zhou Q Y, Ji J F, Wang T 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 019701 (in Chinese) [周庆勇, 姬剑锋, 任红飞 2013 物理学报 62 019701]
[3] Zhu J, Ji P Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 356
[4] Hewish A, Bell S J, Pilkington J D H, Scoptt P F, Collins R A 1968 Nature 217 709
[5] Taylor J H 1992 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. 341 117
[6] Liao S L, Vernon R J 2009 IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57 2068
[7] Pines D J 2004 DAR-PA/TTO 571 4339
[8] Xie Z H, Xu L P, Ni G R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6683 (in Chinese) [谢振华, 许录平, 倪广仁 2008 物理学报 57 6683]
[9] Su Z, Xu L P, Wang T 2011 Journal of Astronautics. 32 1256 (in Chinese) [苏哲, 许录平, 王婷 2011 宇航学报 32 1256]
[10] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L, Golshan A 2009 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conferenc,Chicago, August 10–13, 2009 p5974
[11] Sun H F, Bao W M, Fang H Y, Li X P 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069701 (in Chinese) [孙海峰, 包为民, 方海燕, 李小平 2014 物理学报 63 069701]
[12] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L 2010 IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 58 4484
[13] Jahoda K, Swank J H, Cues A B, Stark M J, Strohmayer T, Zhang W 1996 Proc. SPIE 2808, EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, United States, August 4, 1996 p59
[14] Kay S M (translated by Huang J G) 1994 Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Ap-plication (Beijing: Science Press) pp326-331 (in Chinese) [Key S M 著 (黄建国 译) 1994 现代谱估计:原理与应用(北京: 科学出版社) 第326–331页]
[15] Rawley L, Stinebring D, Taylor J 1986 Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting, Washington, December 1986 p453
[16] Emadzadeh A A 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Los Angeles: University of California)
[17] Li J X, Ke X Z 2011 Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 35 19
[18] Nguyen D T, Renaux A, Boyer R 2014 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50 786
[19] Golshan A R, Sheikh S I Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation Cambridge, April 23-25, 2007, p413
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[1] Shuai P, Li M, Chen S L, Huang Z 2009 The principle and method the X-ray pulsar-Based navigation system (Beijing: China Astronautic Publishing House) p20 (in Chinese) [帅平, 李明, 陈绍龙, 黄震 2009 X射线脉冲星导航系统原理与方法(北京: 中国宇航出版社) 第20页]
[2] Zhou Q Y, Ji J F, Wang T 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 019701 (in Chinese) [周庆勇, 姬剑锋, 任红飞 2013 物理学报 62 019701]
[3] Zhu J, Ji P Y 2008 Chin. Phys. B 17 356
[4] Hewish A, Bell S J, Pilkington J D H, Scoptt P F, Collins R A 1968 Nature 217 709
[5] Taylor J H 1992 Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. 341 117
[6] Liao S L, Vernon R J 2009 IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation 57 2068
[7] Pines D J 2004 DAR-PA/TTO 571 4339
[8] Xie Z H, Xu L P, Ni G R 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 6683 (in Chinese) [谢振华, 许录平, 倪广仁 2008 物理学报 57 6683]
[9] Su Z, Xu L P, Wang T 2011 Journal of Astronautics. 32 1256 (in Chinese) [苏哲, 许录平, 王婷 2011 宇航学报 32 1256]
[10] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L, Golshan A 2009 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conferenc,Chicago, August 10–13, 2009 p5974
[11] Sun H F, Bao W M, Fang H Y, Li X P 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 069701 (in Chinese) [孙海峰, 包为民, 方海燕, 李小平 2014 物理学报 63 069701]
[12] Emadzadeh A A, Speyer J L 2010 IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 58 4484
[13] Jahoda K, Swank J H, Cues A B, Stark M J, Strohmayer T, Zhang W 1996 Proc. SPIE 2808, EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy VII, United States, August 4, 1996 p59
[14] Kay S M (translated by Huang J G) 1994 Modern Spectral Estimation: Theory and Ap-plication (Beijing: Science Press) pp326-331 (in Chinese) [Key S M 著 (黄建国 译) 1994 现代谱估计:原理与应用(北京: 科学出版社) 第326–331页]
[15] Rawley L, Stinebring D, Taylor J 1986 Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Precise Time and Time Interval (PTTI) Applications and Planning Meeting, Washington, December 1986 p453
[16] Emadzadeh A A 2009 Ph. D. Dissertation (Los Angeles: University of California)
[17] Li J X, Ke X Z 2011 Chinese Astronomy and Astrophysics 35 19
[18] Nguyen D T, Renaux A, Boyer R 2014 IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 50 786
[19] Golshan A R, Sheikh S I Proceedings of the 63rd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Navigation Cambridge, April 23-25, 2007, p413
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