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基于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(CH3NH3PbX3)制备的太阳电池效率自2009年从3.8%增长到19.6%, 因其较高的光吸收系数, 较低的成本及易于制备等优势获得了广泛关注. 钙钛矿材料不仅可以作为光吸收层, 还可用作电子和空穴传输层, 以此制备出不同结构的钙钛矿太阳电池: 介孔结构、介观超结构、平面结构、无HTM层结构和有机结构. 除此之外, 钙钛矿材料制备方法的多样性使其更具吸引力, 目前已有一步溶液法、两步连续沉积法、双源共蒸发法和溶液-气相沉积法. 本文主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池的发展历程、工作原理及钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法等. 详细阐述了电池每一层的具体作用和针对现有的钙钛矿结构各层材料的优化, 最后介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池所面临的问题和发展前景, 以期对钙钛矿太阳电池有进一步的了解, 为制备新型高效的钙钛矿太阳电池打下坚实的基础.
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[2] Eperon G E, Stranks S D, Menelaou C, Johnston M B, Herz L M, Snaith H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 982
[3] Noh J H, Im S H, Heo J H, Mandal T N, Seok S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1764
[4] Carmona C R, Malinkiewicz O, Soriano A, Espallargas G M, Garcia A, Reinecke P, Kroyer T, Dar M I, Nazeeruddine M K，Bolink H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 994
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[7] Yin W J, Shi T, Yan Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063903
[8] Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, Hong K H. 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett 5 1312
[9] Im J H, Lee C R, Lee J W, Park S W, Park N G 2011 Nanoscale 3 4088
[10] Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, Lee K B, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S J, Baker R H, Yum J H, Moser J E, Grätzel M, Park N G 2012 Sci.Rep. 2 591
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[12] Etgar L, Gao P, Xue Z, Peng Q, Chandiran A K, Liu B, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 17396
[13] Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Baker R H, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2013 Nature 499 316
[14] Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395
[15] Chen Q, Zhou H, Hong Z, Luo S, Duan H, Wang H, Liu Y, Li G, Yang Y 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 622
[16] Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song T, Duan H-S, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y 2014 Science 345 542
[17] Kim H S, Im S H, Park N G 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 5615
[18] Green M A, Ho-Baillie A, Snaith H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 506
[19] McKinnon N K, Reeves D C, Akabas M H 2011 JGP 138 453
[20] Koh T M, Fu K, Fang Y, Chen S, Sum T C, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S G, Boix P P, Baikie T 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 16458
[21] Shi J, Dong J, Lv S, Xu Y, Zhu L, Xiao J, Xu X, Wu H, Li D, Luo Y, Meng Q 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063901
[22] Rong Y, Ku Z, Mei A, Liu T, Xu M, Ko S, Li X, Han H 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 2160
[23] Malinkiewicz O, Yella A, Lee Y H, Espallargas G M, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin M K, Bolink1 H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 128
[24] Grätzel, M, N. G. Park 2014 Nano 9 1440002
[25] Kim H-B, Choi H, Jeong J, Kim S, Walker B, Songa S, Kim J Y 2014 Nanoscale 6 6679
[26] Park N G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 2423
[27] Zhang W H, Cai B 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2092
[28] Liu D, Kelly T L 2014 Nature Photon 8 133
[29] Bi D, Moon S J, Häggman L, Boschloo G, Yang L, Johansson E M J, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A 2013 RSC Adv. 3 18762
[30] Wang Q, Shao Y, Dong Q, Xiao Z, Yuan Y, Huanget J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2359
[31] Borriello I, Cantele G, Ninno D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 235214
[32] Krishnamoorthy T, Kunwu F, Boix P P, Li H, Koh T M, Leong W L, Powar S, Grimsdale A, Grätzel M, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S G 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 6305
[33] Ogomi H, Morita A, Tsukamoto S, Saitho T, Fujikawa N, Shen Q, Toyoda T, Yoshino K, Pandey S S, Ma T, Hayase S 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1004
[34] Stranks S D, Eperon G E, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer M J P, Leijtens T, Herz L M, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2013 Science 342 341
[35] Zhao Y, Zhu K 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 12241
[36] Bi D, Yang L, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Johansson E M G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 1532
[37] Heo J H, Im S H, Noh J H, Mandal T N, Lim C S, Chang J A, Lee Y H, Kim H J, Sarkar A, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Seok S 2013 Nature Photon 7 486
[38] Christians J A, Fung R C M, Kamat P V 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 758
[39] Pattanasattayavong P, Yaacobi-Gross N, Zhao K, Ndjawa G O N, Li J, Yan F, Regan B C O, Amassian A, Anthopoulos T D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1504
[40] Subbiah A S, Halder A, Ghosh S, Mahuli N, Hodes G, Sarkar S K 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1748
[41] Robert F. 2013 Science 342 794
[42] Marchioro A, Teuscher J, Friedrich D, Kunst M, van de Krol R, Moehl T, Grätzel M, Moser J E 2014 Nature Photon. 8 250
[43] You J, Hong Z, Yang Y, Chen Q, Cai M, Song T B, Chen C C, Lu S, Liu Y, Zhou H, Yang Y 2014 ACS Nano 8 1674
[44] Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Docampo P, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater 24 151
[45] Mei, A Li X, Liu L, Ku Z, Liu T, Rong Y, Xu M, Hu M, Chen J, Yang Y, Grätzel M, Han H 2014 Science 345 295
[46] Niu G, Li W, Meng F, Wang L, Dong H, Qiu Y 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 705
[47] Abate A, Saliba M, Hollman D J, Stranks S D, Wojciechowski K, Avolio R, Grancini G, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2014 Nano Lett. 14 3247
[48] Leijtens T, Eperon G E, Pathak S, Abate A, Lee M M, Snaith H J 2013 Nat Commun 4 2885
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[1] Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 6050
[2] Eperon G E, Stranks S D, Menelaou C, Johnston M B, Herz L M, Snaith H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 982
[3] Noh J H, Im S H, Heo J H, Mandal T N, Seok S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1764
[4] Carmona C R, Malinkiewicz O, Soriano A, Espallargas G M, Garcia A, Reinecke P, Kroyer T, Dar M I, Nazeeruddine M K，Bolink H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 994
[5] Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2013 ACS Nano 8 591
[6] Snaith H J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 3623
[7] Yin W J, Shi T, Yan Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063903
[8] Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, Hong K H. 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett 5 1312
[9] Im J H, Lee C R, Lee J W, Park S W, Park N G 2011 Nanoscale 3 4088
[10] Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, Lee K B, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S J, Baker R H, Yum J H, Moser J E, Grätzel M, Park N G 2012 Sci.Rep. 2 591
[11] Lee M M, Teuscher J, Miyasaka T, Murakami T N, Snaith H J 2012 Science 338 643
[12] Etgar L, Gao P, Xue Z, Peng Q, Chandiran A K, Liu B, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 17396
[13] Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Baker R H, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2013 Nature 499 316
[14] Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395
[15] Chen Q, Zhou H, Hong Z, Luo S, Duan H, Wang H, Liu Y, Li G, Yang Y 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 622
[16] Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song T, Duan H-S, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y 2014 Science 345 542
[17] Kim H S, Im S H, Park N G 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 5615
[18] Green M A, Ho-Baillie A, Snaith H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 506
[19] McKinnon N K, Reeves D C, Akabas M H 2011 JGP 138 453
[20] Koh T M, Fu K, Fang Y, Chen S, Sum T C, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S G, Boix P P, Baikie T 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 16458
[21] Shi J, Dong J, Lv S, Xu Y, Zhu L, Xiao J, Xu X, Wu H, Li D, Luo Y, Meng Q 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063901
[22] Rong Y, Ku Z, Mei A, Liu T, Xu M, Ko S, Li X, Han H 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 2160
[23] Malinkiewicz O, Yella A, Lee Y H, Espallargas G M, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin M K, Bolink1 H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 128
[24] Grätzel, M, N. G. Park 2014 Nano 9 1440002
[25] Kim H-B, Choi H, Jeong J, Kim S, Walker B, Songa S, Kim J Y 2014 Nanoscale 6 6679
[26] Park N G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 2423
[27] Zhang W H, Cai B 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2092
[28] Liu D, Kelly T L 2014 Nature Photon 8 133
[29] Bi D, Moon S J, Häggman L, Boschloo G, Yang L, Johansson E M J, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A 2013 RSC Adv. 3 18762
[30] Wang Q, Shao Y, Dong Q, Xiao Z, Yuan Y, Huanget J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2359
[31] Borriello I, Cantele G, Ninno D 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 235214
[32] Krishnamoorthy T, Kunwu F, Boix P P, Li H, Koh T M, Leong W L, Powar S, Grimsdale A, Grätzel M, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S G 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 6305
[33] Ogomi H, Morita A, Tsukamoto S, Saitho T, Fujikawa N, Shen Q, Toyoda T, Yoshino K, Pandey S S, Ma T, Hayase S 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1004
[34] Stranks S D, Eperon G E, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer M J P, Leijtens T, Herz L M, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2013 Science 342 341
[35] Zhao Y, Zhu K 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 12241
[36] Bi D, Yang L, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Johansson E M G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 1532
[37] Heo J H, Im S H, Noh J H, Mandal T N, Lim C S, Chang J A, Lee Y H, Kim H J, Sarkar A, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Seok S 2013 Nature Photon 7 486
[38] Christians J A, Fung R C M, Kamat P V 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 758
[39] Pattanasattayavong P, Yaacobi-Gross N, Zhao K, Ndjawa G O N, Li J, Yan F, Regan B C O, Amassian A, Anthopoulos T D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1504
[40] Subbiah A S, Halder A, Ghosh S, Mahuli N, Hodes G, Sarkar S K 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1748
[41] Robert F. 2013 Science 342 794
[42] Marchioro A, Teuscher J, Friedrich D, Kunst M, van de Krol R, Moehl T, Grätzel M, Moser J E 2014 Nature Photon. 8 250
[43] You J, Hong Z, Yang Y, Chen Q, Cai M, Song T B, Chen C C, Lu S, Liu Y, Zhou H, Yang Y 2014 ACS Nano 8 1674
[44] Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Docampo P, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater 24 151
[45] Mei, A Li X, Liu L, Ku Z, Liu T, Rong Y, Xu M, Hu M, Chen J, Yang Y, Grätzel M, Han H 2014 Science 345 295
[46] Niu G, Li W, Meng F, Wang L, Dong H, Qiu Y 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 705
[47] Abate A, Saliba M, Hollman D J, Stranks S D, Wojciechowski K, Avolio R, Grancini G, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2014 Nano Lett. 14 3247
[48] Leijtens T, Eperon G E, Pathak S, Abate A, Lee M M, Snaith H J 2013 Nat Commun 4 2885
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