钙钛矿太阳电池综述

姚鑫; 丁艳丽; 张晓丹; 赵颖

doi:10.7498/aps.64.038805

摘要

基于有机-无机杂化钙钛矿材料(CH3NH3PbX3)制备的太阳电池效率自2009年从3.8%增长到19.6%, 因其较高的光吸收系数, 较低的成本及易于制备等优势获得了广泛关注. 钙钛矿材料不仅可以作为光吸收层, 还可用作电子和空穴传输层, 以此制备出不同结构的钙钛矿太阳电池: 介孔结构、介观超结构、平面结构、无HTM层结构和有机结构. 除此之外, 钙钛矿材料制备方法的多样性使其更具吸引力, 目前已有一步溶液法、两步连续沉积法、双源共蒸发法和溶液-气相沉积法. 本文主要介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池的发展历程、工作原理及钙钛矿薄膜的制备方法等. 详细阐述了电池每一层的具体作用和针对现有的钙钛矿结构各层材料的优化, 最后介绍了钙钛矿太阳电池所面临的问题和发展前景, 以期对钙钛矿太阳电池有进一步的了解, 为制备新型高效的钙钛矿太阳电池打下坚实的基础.

关键词:

Abstract

The efficiency of solar cells based on organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite materials has a rapid growth from 3.8% in 2009 to 19.3%. The perovskite material (CH3NH3PbX3) exhibits advantages of high absorbing coefficient, low cost, and easily synthesised, which achieved extremely rapid development in recent years and gains great concern from the academic circle. As we know, perovskite materials not only serve as light absorption layer, but also can be used as either electron or hole transport layer. Consequently, various structures are designed based on the function of the perovskite, such as the solid-state mesoscopic heterojunction, meso-superstructured planar-heterojunction, HTM-free and the organic structured layers. Besides, it is also attractive for its versatility in fabrication techniques: one-step precursor solution deposition, two-step sequential deposition, dual-source vapor deposition, and vapor-assisted solution processing etc. This review mainly introduces the development and mechanism of the perovskite solar cells performance and the fabrication methods of peroskite films, briefly describes the specific function and improvement of each layer, and finally discusses the challenges we are facing and the development prospects, in order to have a further understanding of perovskite solar cells and lay a solid foundation for the preparation of new structures of the perovskite solar cells.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
南开大学光电子薄膜器件与技术研究所, 天津 300071

基金项目: 国家973重点基础研究发展计划项目(批准号: 2011CBA00706, 2011CBA00707)、天津市科技支撑项目(批准号: 12ZCZDGX03600)、天津市重大科技支撑计划项目(批准号: 11TXSYGX22100)、高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助课题(批准号: 20120031110039)、科技部863高技术发展计划(批准号: 2013AA050302)和国家自然科学基金(批准号: 61471065)资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Photo Electronics Thin Film Devices and Technology of Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2011CBA00706, 2011CBA00707), the Science and Technology Support Program of Tianjin, China (Grant No. 12ZCZDGX03600), the Major Science and Technology Support Project of Tianjin City of China (Grant No. 11TXSYGX22100), the Specialized Research Fund for the PhD Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20120031110039), and the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2013AA050302), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 621474065).

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[44]	Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Docampo P, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater 24 151
[45]	Mei, A Li X, Liu L, Ku Z, Liu T, Rong Y, Xu M, Hu M, Chen J, Yang Y, Grätzel M, Han H 2014 Science 345 295
[46]	Niu G, Li W, Meng F, Wang L, Dong H, Qiu Y 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 705
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施引文献

[1]	Kojima A, Teshima K, Shirai Y, Miyasaka T 2009 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131 6050
[2]	Eperon G E, Stranks S D, Menelaou C, Johnston M B, Herz L M, Snaith H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 982
[3]	Noh J H, Im S H, Heo J H, Mandal T N, Seok S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 1764
[4]	Carmona C R, Malinkiewicz O, Soriano A, Espallargas G M, Garcia A, Reinecke P, Kroyer T, Dar M I, Nazeeruddine M K，Bolink H J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 994
[5]	Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2013 ACS Nano 8 591
[6]	Snaith H J 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 3623
[7]	Yin W J, Shi T, Yan Y 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063903
[8]	Kim J, Lee S H, Lee J H, Hong K H. 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett 5 1312
[9]	Im J H, Lee C R, Lee J W, Park S W, Park N G 2011 Nanoscale 3 4088
[10]	Kim H S, Lee C R, Im J H, Lee K B, Moehl T, Marchioro A, Moon S J, Baker R H, Yum J H, Moser J E, Grätzel M, Park N G 2012 Sci.Rep. 2 591
[11]	Lee M M, Teuscher J, Miyasaka T, Murakami T N, Snaith H J 2012 Science 338 643
[12]	Etgar L, Gao P, Xue Z, Peng Q, Chandiran A K, Liu B, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2012 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 134 17396
[13]	Burschka J, Pellet N, Moon S J, Baker R H, Gao P, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M 2013 Nature 499 316
[14]	Liu M, Johnston M B, Snaith H J 2013 Nature 501 395
[15]	Chen Q, Zhou H, Hong Z, Luo S, Duan H, Wang H, Liu Y, Li G, Yang Y 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 622
[16]	Zhou H, Chen Q, Li G, Luo S, Song T, Duan H-S, Hong Z, You J, Liu Y, Yang Y 2014 Science 345 542
[17]	Kim H S, Im S H, Park N G 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 5615
[18]	Green M A, Ho-Baillie A, Snaith H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 506
[19]	McKinnon N K, Reeves D C, Akabas M H 2011 JGP 138 453
[20]	Koh T M, Fu K, Fang Y, Chen S, Sum T C, Mathews N, Mhaisalkar S G, Boix P P, Baikie T 2014 J. Phys. Chem. C 118 16458
[21]	Shi J, Dong J, Lv S, Xu Y, Zhu L, Xiao J, Xu X, Wu H, Li D, Luo Y, Meng Q 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 063901
[22]	Rong Y, Ku Z, Mei A, Liu T, Xu M, Ko S, Li X, Han H 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 2160
[23]	Malinkiewicz O, Yella A, Lee Y H, Espallargas G M, Graetzel M, Nazeeruddin M K, Bolink1 H J 2014 Nature Photons 8 128
[24]	Grätzel, M, N. G. Park 2014 Nano 9 1440002
[25]	Kim H-B, Choi H, Jeong J, Kim S, Walker B, Songa S, Kim J Y 2014 Nanoscale 6 6679
[26]	Park N G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 2423
[27]	Zhang W H, Cai B 2014 Chin. Sci. Bull. 59 2092
[28]	Liu D, Kelly T L 2014 Nature Photon 8 133
[29]	Bi D, Moon S J, Häggman L, Boschloo G, Yang L, Johansson E M J, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Hagfeldt A 2013 RSC Adv. 3 18762
[30]	Wang Q, Shao Y, Dong Q, Xiao Z, Yuan Y, Huanget J 2014 Energy Environ. Sci. 7 2359
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[34]	Stranks S D, Eperon G E, Grancini G, Menelaou C, Alcocer M J P, Leijtens T, Herz L M, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2013 Science 342 341
[35]	Zhao Y, Zhu K 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 12241
[36]	Bi D, Yang L, Boschloo G, Hagfeldt A, Johansson E M G 2013 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 4 1532
[37]	Heo J H, Im S H, Noh J H, Mandal T N, Lim C S, Chang J A, Lee Y H, Kim H J, Sarkar A, Nazeeruddin M K, Grätzel M, Seok S 2013 Nature Photon 7 486
[38]	Christians J A, Fung R C M, Kamat P V 2014 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136 758
[39]	Pattanasattayavong P, Yaacobi-Gross N, Zhao K, Ndjawa G O N, Li J, Yan F, Regan B C O, Amassian A, Anthopoulos T D 2013 Adv. Mater. 25 1504
[40]	Subbiah A S, Halder A, Ghosh S, Mahuli N, Hodes G, Sarkar S K 2014 J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 5 1748
[41]	Robert F. 2013 Science 342 794
[42]	Marchioro A, Teuscher J, Friedrich D, Kunst M, van de Krol R, Moehl T, Grätzel M, Moser J E 2014 Nature Photon. 8 250
[43]	You J, Hong Z, Yang Y, Chen Q, Cai M, Song T B, Chen C C, Lu S, Liu Y, Zhou H, Yang Y 2014 ACS Nano 8 1674
[44]	Eperon G E, Burlakov V M, Docampo P, Goriely A, Snaith H J 2014 Adv. Funct. Mater 24 151
[45]	Mei, A Li X, Liu L, Ku Z, Liu T, Rong Y, Xu M, Hu M, Chen J, Yang Y, Grätzel M, Han H 2014 Science 345 295
[46]	Niu G, Li W, Meng F, Wang L, Dong H, Qiu Y 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A. 2 705
[47]	Abate A, Saliba M, Hollman D J, Stranks S D, Wojciechowski K, Avolio R, Grancini G, Petrozza A, Snaith H J 2014 Nano Lett. 14 3247
[48]	Leijtens T, Eperon G E, Pathak S, Abate A, Lee M M, Snaith H J 2013 Nat Commun 4 2885

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