基于可调谐二极管激光技术利用小波去噪在2.008 μm波段对δ13CO2的研究(已撤稿)

牛明生; 王贵师

doi:10.7498/aps.66.024202

摘要

利用分布反馈式激光器和小型多通池建立了性能稳定的δ13CO2测量系统.基于可调谐二极管激光技术在2.008 μm波段研究了几种常见的小波评价方法、评价能力与适用性，选出最佳小波函数Haar作为小波基进行分层.在最优层上采用VisuShrink阈值函数对δ13CO2测量中的去噪效果和测量精度进行了研究.在相同实验条件下，对去噪前后δ13CO2的测量结果进行了比较，然后从理论上分析了去噪前后测量结果不一致的原因，确定利用小波去噪对测量结果的精确性.结果表明，利用小波去噪对δ13CO2的测量精度比不用小波去噪时提高了7.3倍.

关键词:

Abstract

Development of optical isotope techniques has provided scientists with a set of powerful tools for investigating the sources and sink of atmospheric CO2. Here we describe a continuous, high precision, compact and portable carbon dioxide isotope ratio laser multi-pass cell spectrometer with a tunable distribute feedback laser at 2.008 μm based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy and, the spectrometer has good temperature and pressure stability. In order to deduce the noise, drift effect and background changes associated with low level signals, a superior signal processing technique of wavelet denoising, which possesses multi-level analytical resolutions both in time and frequency-domains, is introduced. After evaluating the method, evaluation ability and applicabilities of several common wavelet functions are analyzed and tested, the wavelet function of Haar is selected as an optimal wavelet basis function. Based on the analysis of the optimal decomposition level of Haa wavelet function, the VISU function is selected as an optimal wavelet threshold function. The denoising effect and measurement precision are evaluated by use of the VISU threshold function in the measurement process of carbon dioxide stable isotope ratio. The measurement results of carbon dioxide stable isotope ratio before and after suppressing the noises are compared in the same experiment conditions and, the inconsistent reasons of the measured results are theoretically analyzed. This technique allows the measurement of the δ-value for carbon dioxide isotopic ratios with a precision of -12.5‰ and and the measuremnt results show that the wavelet denoising measuring results have higher measurement accuracy, and the measurement precise of carbon dioxide isotope ratio is 7.3 times the original measurement results. The application of the wavelet denoising to the carbon dioxide isotope ratio measurement for the first time proves that the capability of the new near-infrared direct absorption technique to measure isotope ratio can permit high-frequency, near-continuous isotope measurement and obtain the high precision and accurate real-time stable isotope data directly in the field. This technique provides an important tool for studying the resource and sink of green house gases in the future.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

牛明生¹,
王贵师²

1.
曲阜师范大学激光研究所, 山东省激光偏光与信息技术重点实验室, 曲阜 273165;

2.
中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所大气物理化学研究二室, 合肥 230031

通信作者: 牛明生, nmsheng@163.com;wulixi2004@126.com ; 王贵师, nmsheng@163.com;wulixi2004@126.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：41405022）和曲阜师范大学博士启动基金（批准号：20130760）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

Niu Ming-Sheng¹,
Wang Gui-Shi²

1.
Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Polarization and Information Technology, Laser Institute, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China;

2.
Laboratory of Atmospheric Physico-Chemistry, Anhui Institute of Optics & Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China

Corresponding author: Niu Ming-Sheng, nmsheng@163.com;wulixi2004@126.com ; Wang Gui-Shi, nmsheng@163.com;wulixi2004@126.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41405022) and the Qufu Normal University Fundation, China (Grant No. 20130760).

参考文献

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施引文献

[1]	Liu L X, Zhou L X, Vaughn B, Miller J B, Brand W A, Rothe M, Xia L J 2014 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 119 5602
[2]	Mai B R, Deng X J, An X Q, Liu X T, Li F, Liu X 2014 China Environmental Science 34 1098 (in Chinese)[麦博儒, 邓雪娇, 安兴琴, 刘显通, 李菲, 刘霞2014中国环境科学34 1098]
[3]	Trend W 2016 Nature 531 281
[4]	Quéré C L, Andres R J, Boden T, et al. 2013 Earth Syst. Sci. Data 5 165
[5]	Marland G 2012 Nat. Clim. Change 2 645
[6]	Sturm P, Tuzson B, Henne S, Emmenegger L 2013 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 6 1659
[7]	Brass M, Röckmann T 2010 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 3 1707
[8]	Zare R N, Kuramoto D S, Haase C, Tan S M, Crosson E R, Saad Nabil M R 2009 PNAS 106 10928
[9]	McManus J B, Nelson D D, Zahniser M S 2015 Opt. Express 23 6569
[10]	Sayres D S, Moyer E J, Hanisco T F, et al. 2009 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 044102
[11]	Wang C, Srivastava N, Jones B A, Rreese R B 2008 Appl. Phys. B 92 259
[12]	Joseph F B, Todd B S, Max L 1992 Appl. Opt. 31 1921
[13]	Li X X, Xu L, Gao M G, Tong J J, Jin L, Li S, Wei X L, Feng M C 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 180203 (in Chinese)[李相贤, 徐亮, 高闽光, 童晶晶, 金岭, 李胜, 魏秀丽, 冯明春2013物理学报62 180203]
[14]	Pang J P, Wen X F, Sun X M 2016 Sci. Total. Environ. 539 322
[15]	Bartlome R, Sigrist M W 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 866
[16]	Li J S, Yu B L, Fischer H 2015 Appl. Spectrosc. 69 496
[17]	Zheng C T, Ye W L, Huang J Q, Cao T S, Lv M, Dang J M, Wang Y D 2014 Sens. Actuators B 190 249
[18]	Bergamaschi P, Schupp M, Harris G W 1994 Appl. Opt. 33 7704
[19]	Zhang T W, Krooss B M 2001 Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 65 2723
[20]	Kerstel E R, Trigt R V, Dam N, Reuss J, Meijer H A J 1999 Anal. Chem. 71 5297
[21]	Wang Y, Mo J Y 2005 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 25 124 (in Chinese)[王瑛, 莫金垣2005光谱学与光谱分析25 124]
[22]	Wu T, Chen W D, Kerstel E, Fertein E, Gao X M, Koeth J, Rößner K, Brckner D 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 0146
[23]	Yang Q 2011 International Conference on Electronics & Optoelectronics 3 129
[24]	Luisier F, Vonesch C, Blu T, Unser M 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 29 310
[25]	Ma Y, Wang X Y, Yong H 2011 CAC 28 303 (in Chinese)[马毅, 汪西原, 雍慧2011计算机与应用化学28 303]
[26]	Kumar H S, Pai P S, Sriram N S, Vijay G S 2013 Procedia Engineering 64 805
[27]	Gradolewski D, Redlarski G 2014 Comput. Biol. Med. 52 119
[28]	Naga R A, Chandralingam S, Anjaneyulu T, Satyanarayana K 2012 Meas. Sci. Rev. 12 46
[29]	Xu J, Kawashima S 2015 Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 28 1
[30]	Joseph F B, Todd B S, Max L 1992 Appl. Opt. 3 1921
[31]	Werle P 2011 Appl. Phys. B 102 313

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