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Achieving low frequency electromagnetic wave absorption by gyromagnetic ferrite

## Achieving low frequency electromagnetic wave absorption by gyromagnetic ferrite

Ye Kang-Ping, Pei Wen-Jin, Xi Xiang, Pu Yin, Wu Rui-Xin
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• #### Abstract

Under the action of static bias magnetic field, the magnetized ferrite has a permeability tensor which can be adjusted by the applied magnetic field. In this paper, the absorption properties of bulk gyromagnetic ferrites under different magnetized conditions are studied and the great potential of gyromagnetic ferrite in achieving low frequency electromagnetic wave absorption is demonstrated. Full wave electromagnetic simulations are performed based on the finite element method (FEM). A floquet port is adopted at the top boundary of the unit cell to simulate a normally incident plane wave. The unit cell boundary conditions are used in the x-y plane to simulate a periodic structure. Orthogonality magnetization in plane is utilized to solve the polarization selectivity in the condition of transverse magnetic field. The influence on absorption capacity of discrete ferrite array structure and the coupling effect of ferrite elements with different sizes are also studied in consideration of the size effect. The simulation results show that a thin bulk gyromagnetic ferrite layer whose thickness is only 4 mm can possess frequency as low as 0.48 GHz and reflectivity below –10 dB. Gyromagnetic ferrite presents different absorption properties under longitudinal magnetization and transversal magnetization, and different polarization directions in transversal magnetization as well. When longitudinal bias magnetic field H0 = 200 Oe, the bandwidth of the reflectivity below –10 dB ranges from 0.48 to 1.84 GHz. The resonant absorption frequency can be regulated by adjusting bias magnetic field and the size of ferrite element. In general, a large bias magnetic field leads to a high resonant frequency due to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency positively associated with the applied magnetic field, but a ferrite array consisting of larger size elements provides a lower resonant frequency for the size resonance negatively associated with the size. By introducing the coupling between elements with different sizes, the reflection bandwidth below –10 dB can be effectively extended to above 80% of the sum of the bandwidth possessed by single unit cell, especially 105.7% under transversal bias magnetic field 700 Oe. And the broadening effect is effective in both longitudinal and transverse magnetized state but it will be weaker when the two absorption peaks are closer. To further understand the absorption mechanism of the two-element absorber, the distribution of the electric field, magnetic field and power loss density are examined. The results prove that the two peaks at the lower frequency exactly originates from $\Delta R = 0$ and the higher frequency originates from $\Delta R = 4$, and therefore the widened absorption is contributed by the coupled multiple resonances provided by the elements with different sizes.

#### References

 [1] Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 [2] Ding F, Cui Y X, Ge X C, Jin Y, He S L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 [3] Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhang T F, Chang H C, Xiao P S, Chen H H, Huang Z Y, Chen Y S 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 2049 [4] Wang Y, Du Y C, Xu P, Qiang R, Han X J 2017 Polymers 9 29 [5] Liu Y P, Zhang B Z, Duan J P, Xu Y G 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 10257 [6] Zhang X J, Wang G S, Cao W Q, Wei Y Z, Liang J F, Guo L, Cao M S 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 7471 [7] Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen H H, Huang Z Y, Yang Y, Xiao P S, Zhou Y, Chen Y S 2016 Carbon 105 438 [8] Wang D J, Zhang J Y, He P, Hou Z L 2019 Ceram. Int. 45 23043 [9] 周卓辉, 刘晓来, 黄大庆, 康飞宇 2014 物理学报 63 184101 Zhou Z H, Liu X L, Huang D Q, Kang F Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 184101 [10] Zhang K L, Zhang J Y, Hou Z L, Bi S, Zhao Q L 2019 Carbon 141 608 [11] Wang J, Gao C N, Jiang Y N, Charles N A 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 114102 [12] Wang Y, Du Y C, Qiang R, Tian C H, Xu P, Han X J 2016 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3 1500684 [13] Alkuh M S, Famili M H N, Shirvan M M M, Moeini M H 2016 Mater. Des. 100 73 [14] Amano M, Kotsuka Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 51 238 [15] Kazantsev Y N, Lopatin A V, Kazantseva N E, Shatrov A D, Mal'tsev V P, Vilcakova J, Saha P 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 1227 [16] Chen H Y, Zhang H B, Deng L J 2010 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 9 899 [17] Rozanov K N, Li Z W, Chen L F, Koledintseva M Y 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 013905 [18] Park M J, Choi J H, Kim S S 2000 Intermag Proceedings of International Magnetics Conference Toronto, Canada, April 09−12, 2000 p3272 [19] Jacobo S E, Fano W G, Razzitte A C, Digiovanni N D, Trainotti V 1998 Proceedings of the 67th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena Atlanta, USA, October 25−28, 1998 p273 [20] Bi K, Guo Y S, Liu X M, Zhao Q, Xiao J H, Lei M, Zhou J 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7001 [21] Yang Y J, Huang Y J, Wen G J, Zhong J P, Sun H B, Oghenemuero G 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 038501 [22] 郭飞, 杜红亮, 屈绍波, 夏颂, 徐卓, 赵建峰, 张红梅 2015 物理学报 64 077801 Guo F, Du H L, Qu S B, Xia S, Xu Z, Zhao J F, Zhang H M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 077801 [23] Meena R S, Bhattachrya S, Chatterjee R 2010 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 1923 [24] Liu X S, Hernandez-Gomez P, Huang K, Zhou S Q, Wang Y, Cai X, Sun H J, Ma B 2006 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305 524 [25] Bercoff P G, Herme C, Jacobo S E 2009 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321 2245 [26] Zuo X, How H, Somu S, Vittoria C 2003 IEEE Trans. Magn. 39 3160 [27] Pozar D M 2004 Microwave Engineering (3rd ed) (New York: Wiely) pp391−395 [28] Yang Y, Yang Y, Wen X, Ding J 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17A521 [29] Zhang K L, Hou Z L, Bi S, Fang H M 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 127802

#### Cited By

• 图 1  大块铁氧体模型示意图和在不同磁化方式、磁场强度、极化方向下对电磁波的反射率　(a)模型示意图; (b)纵向磁化下不同磁场强度对反射率的影响; (c)横向磁化下不同极化方向的反射率; (d)不同磁化方式对反射率的影响

Figure 1.  The schematic model and the reflectivity of bulk ferrite under different magnetized methods, magnetic field intensities and polarized directions: (a) The schematic model; (b) the influence of different magnetic field intensities under longitudinal magnetization; (c) different polarized directions under transversal magnetization; (d) the influence of different magnetized methods.

图 2  基元结构和横向磁化时面内正交磁化作用下铁氧体的反射率　(a)基元结构(A, B分别表示沿y向磁化和x向磁化的铁氧体基元); (b) TE极化; (c) TM极化; (d) TE极化时尺寸效应; (e) TM极化时尺寸效应

Figure 2.  The unit cell and the reflectivity of transversally orthogonally magnetized ferrite: (a) The unit cell(A and B present the ferrite magnetized along y and x directions, respectively); the reflectivity of (b) TE polarization and (c) TM polarization; the size effect of (d) TE polarization and (e) TM polarization.

图 3  不同基元大小的铁氧体阵列及其在不同磁化状态下的反射性能　(a)离散的铁氧体阵列; (b)纵向磁化下$\Delta R$的影响; (c)横向磁化TE极化下$\Delta R$的影响; (d)横向磁化TM极化下$\Delta R$的影响

Figure 3.  Reflection of ferrites array with different element sizes in different magnetized conditions: (a) The discrete array; the influence of $\Delta R$ in (b) longitudinal magnetization; (c) transversal magnetization with TE polarization and (d) transverse magnetization with TM polarization.

图 4  结构示意图和不同尺寸基元组合的性能　(a)结构示意图(左部分表示超胞1(2)的细节); (b)纵向磁化200 Oe, $\Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 4组合; (c)纵向磁化700 Oe, \Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 4$组合; (d)纵向磁化700 Oe, $\Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 2组合; (e)横向磁化200 Oe, \Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 4$组合; (f)横向磁化700 Oe, $\Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 4组合; (g)横向磁化700 Oe, \Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 2$组合

Figure 4.  The schematic and the properties of elements combinations with different sizes: (a) Schematic of the array combined by different elements(The left shows the details of supercell1(2)); the combination of $\Delta R = 0$ and $\Delta R = 4$ under longitudinal magnetization (b) 200 Oe and (c) 700 Oe; (d) the combination of $\Delta R = 0$ and $\Delta R = 2$ under longitudinal magnetization 700 Oe; the combination of $\Delta R = 0$ and $\Delta R = 4$ under transversal magnetization (e) 200 Oe and (f) 700 Oe; (g) the combination of $\Delta R = 0$ and $\Delta R = 2$ under transversal magnetization 700 Oe.

图 5  $\Delta R = 0$$\Delta R = 4$两种阵列组合而成的吸波结构在y = 0平面内的电场, 磁场, 能量损耗密度分布　(a), (b)分别为工作频率1.95和3.05 GHz, 纵向磁化场700 Oe时的情形; (c), (d)分别是工作频率为1.65和2.25 GHz, 横向磁化场700 Oe时的情形

Figure 5.  Distributions of electric field, magnetic field and power loss density in the y = 0 plane of the absorption structure combined by $\Delta R = 0$ and $\Delta R = 4$ at two absorption peaks: (a) 1.95 GHz and (b) 3.05 GHz of longitudinal magnetization 700 Oe; (c) 1.65 GHz and (d) 2.25 GHz of transversal magnetization 700 Oe.

图 6  能量损耗密度在x-y截面(正视图)的分布　(a), (b)分别是工作频率为1.95和3.05 GHz, 纵向磁化磁场700 Oe时的情形; (c), (d)分别是工作频率为1.65和2.25 GHz时, 横向磁化场700 Oe时的情形

Figure 6.  Distributions of power loss density in the x-y cross section (the front view): (a) 1.95 GHz and (b) 3.05 GHz of longitudinal magnetization 700 Oe; (c) 1.65 GHz and (d) 2.25 GHz of transversal magnetization 700 Oe.

•  [1] Landy N I, Sajuyigbe S, Mock J J, Smith D R, Padilla W J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 207402 [2] Ding F, Cui Y X, Ge X C, Jin Y, He S L 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 103506 [3] Zhang Y, Huang Y, Zhang T F, Chang H C, Xiao P S, Chen H H, Huang Z Y, Chen Y S 2015 Adv. Mater. 27 2049 [4] Wang Y, Du Y C, Xu P, Qiang R, Han X J 2017 Polymers 9 29 [5] Liu Y P, Zhang B Z, Duan J P, Xu Y G 2018 Appl. Opt. 57 10257 [6] Zhang X J, Wang G S, Cao W Q, Wei Y Z, Liang J F, Guo L, Cao M S 2014 ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6 7471 [7] Zhang Y, Huang Y, Chen H H, Huang Z Y, Yang Y, Xiao P S, Zhou Y, Chen Y S 2016 Carbon 105 438 [8] Wang D J, Zhang J Y, He P, Hou Z L 2019 Ceram. Int. 45 23043 [9] 周卓辉, 刘晓来, 黄大庆, 康飞宇 2014 物理学报 63 184101 Zhou Z H, Liu X L, Huang D Q, Kang F Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 184101 [10] Zhang K L, Zhang J Y, Hou Z L, Bi S, Zhao Q L 2019 Carbon 141 608 [11] Wang J, Gao C N, Jiang Y N, Charles N A 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 114102 [12] Wang Y, Du Y C, Qiang R, Tian C H, Xu P, Han X J 2016 Adv. Mater. Interfaces 3 1500684 [13] Alkuh M S, Famili M H N, Shirvan M M M, Moeini M H 2016 Mater. Des. 100 73 [14] Amano M, Kotsuka Y 2003 IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Tech. 51 238 [15] Kazantsev Y N, Lopatin A V, Kazantseva N E, Shatrov A D, Mal'tsev V P, Vilcakova J, Saha P 2010 IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 58 1227 [16] Chen H Y, Zhang H B, Deng L J 2010 IEEE Antennas Wirel. Propag. Lett. 9 899 [17] Rozanov K N, Li Z W, Chen L F, Koledintseva M Y 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 013905 [18] Park M J, Choi J H, Kim S S 2000 Intermag Proceedings of International Magnetics Conference Toronto, Canada, April 09−12, 2000 p3272 [19] Jacobo S E, Fano W G, Razzitte A C, Digiovanni N D, Trainotti V 1998 Proceedings of the 67th Annual Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena Atlanta, USA, October 25−28, 1998 p273 [20] Bi K, Guo Y S, Liu X M, Zhao Q, Xiao J H, Lei M, Zhou J 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 7001 [21] Yang Y J, Huang Y J, Wen G J, Zhong J P, Sun H B, Oghenemuero G 2012 Chin. Phys. B 21 038501 [22] 郭飞, 杜红亮, 屈绍波, 夏颂, 徐卓, 赵建峰, 张红梅 2015 物理学报 64 077801 Guo F, Du H L, Qu S B, Xia S, Xu Z, Zhao J F, Zhang H M 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 077801 [23] Meena R S, Bhattachrya S, Chatterjee R 2010 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 322 1923 [24] Liu X S, Hernandez-Gomez P, Huang K, Zhou S Q, Wang Y, Cai X, Sun H J, Ma B 2006 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 305 524 [25] Bercoff P G, Herme C, Jacobo S E 2009 J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321 2245 [26] Zuo X, How H, Somu S, Vittoria C 2003 IEEE Trans. Magn. 39 3160 [27] Pozar D M 2004 Microwave Engineering (3rd ed) (New York: Wiely) pp391−395 [28] Yang Y, Yang Y, Wen X, Ding J 2014 J. Appl. Phys. 115 17A521 [29] Zhang K L, Hou Z L, Bi S, Fang H M 2017 Chin. Phys. B 26 127802
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• Received Date:  14 August 2019
• Accepted Date:  31 October 2019
• Available Online:  07 December 2019
• Published Online:  01 January 2020

## Achieving low frequency electromagnetic wave absorption by gyromagnetic ferrite

###### Corresponding author: Wu Rui-Xin, rxwu@nju.edu.cn
• School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China

Abstract: Under the action of static bias magnetic field, the magnetized ferrite has a permeability tensor which can be adjusted by the applied magnetic field. In this paper, the absorption properties of bulk gyromagnetic ferrites under different magnetized conditions are studied and the great potential of gyromagnetic ferrite in achieving low frequency electromagnetic wave absorption is demonstrated. Full wave electromagnetic simulations are performed based on the finite element method (FEM). A floquet port is adopted at the top boundary of the unit cell to simulate a normally incident plane wave. The unit cell boundary conditions are used in the x-y plane to simulate a periodic structure. Orthogonality magnetization in plane is utilized to solve the polarization selectivity in the condition of transverse magnetic field. The influence on absorption capacity of discrete ferrite array structure and the coupling effect of ferrite elements with different sizes are also studied in consideration of the size effect. The simulation results show that a thin bulk gyromagnetic ferrite layer whose thickness is only 4 mm can possess frequency as low as 0.48 GHz and reflectivity below –10 dB. Gyromagnetic ferrite presents different absorption properties under longitudinal magnetization and transversal magnetization, and different polarization directions in transversal magnetization as well. When longitudinal bias magnetic field H0 = 200 Oe, the bandwidth of the reflectivity below –10 dB ranges from 0.48 to 1.84 GHz. The resonant absorption frequency can be regulated by adjusting bias magnetic field and the size of ferrite element. In general, a large bias magnetic field leads to a high resonant frequency due to the ferromagnetic resonance frequency positively associated with the applied magnetic field, but a ferrite array consisting of larger size elements provides a lower resonant frequency for the size resonance negatively associated with the size. By introducing the coupling between elements with different sizes, the reflection bandwidth below –10 dB can be effectively extended to above 80% of the sum of the bandwidth possessed by single unit cell, especially 105.7% under transversal bias magnetic field 700 Oe. And the broadening effect is effective in both longitudinal and transverse magnetized state but it will be weaker when the two absorption peaks are closer. To further understand the absorption mechanism of the two-element absorber, the distribution of the electric field, magnetic field and power loss density are examined. The results prove that the two peaks at the lower frequency exactly originates from $\Delta R = 0$ and the higher frequency originates from $\Delta R = 4$, and therefore the widened absorption is contributed by the coupled multiple resonances provided by the elements with different sizes.

Reference (29)

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