Comparison and validation of band residual difference algorithm and principal component analysis algorithm for retrievals of atmospheric SO2 columns from satellite observations

Yan Huan-Huan; Li Xiao-Jing; Zhang Xing-Ying; Wang Wei-He; Chen Liang-Fu; Zhang Mei-Gen; Xu Jin

doi:10.7498/aps.65.084204

Abstract

Remote sensing technology provides an unprecedented tool for the continuous and real-time monitoring of atmospheric SO2 from volcanic eruption and anthropogenic emission. The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME), SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY), and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) have high SO2 monitoring capability. The OMI, which was launched on the EOS/Aura platform in July 2004, has the same hyperspectral measurements as the GOME and SCIAMACHY, but offers the improved spatial resolution at nadir (1324 km2) and daily global coverage for short-lifetime SO2. For OMI operational SO2 planetary boundary layer (PBL) retrieval, the previous band residual difference (BRD) algorithm has been replaced by principal component analysis (PCA) algorithm, which effectively reduces the systematic biases in SO2 column retrievals. However, there are few studies on the evaluations and validations of PCA SO2 retrievals over China, and the long-term comparisons with BRD SO2 retrievals also need to be conducted. In this study, the accuracies of PCA and BRD SO2 retrievals are validated by using ground-based multi axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) located in Beijing, and regional atmospheric modeling system, community multi-scale air quality (RAMS-CMAQ) modeling system model which can simulate the vertical distribution of atmospheric SO2. Moreover, BRD and PCA SO2 retrievals from oceanic area, eastern China and Reunion volcanic eruption are compared to find the long-term trend and spatiotemporal differences between SO2 columns. Finally, the uncertainty of SO2 retrieval, caused by measurement errors, band selection and input parameter errors in radiative transfer model, are analysed to understand the limitations of BRD and PCA algorithms. Results show that both PCA and BRD SO2 retrievals over Beijing are lower than ground-based MAX-DOAS measurements of SO2. PCA and BRD SO2 retrievals over eastern China are lower than the simulated SO2 columns from RAMS-CMAQ in winter 2008, but in July and August BRD SO2 columns are higher than RAMS-CMAQ simulations. The values of SO2 columns from BRD over China are more consistent with those from ground-based MAX-DOAS and RAMS-CMAQ model than from PCA. Although PCA algorithm effectively reduces the noise in SO2 column retrieval, SO2 columns from PCA over China are lower than those from BRD. For oceanic area where SO2 amount is nearly zero, the standard deviation of PCA results is lower than that of BRD, but the absolute value of averaged PCA SO2 column is larger than that of BRD. In the case of Reunion volcanic eruption with SO2 columns larger than 25 DU, the BRD SO2 columns are lower than PCA retrievals. Meanwhile, with the increase of SO2 column, the difference between BRD and PCA SO2 retrievals increases. Detailed uncertainty analysis shows the influences of measurement errors, band selection and inputs of radiative transfer model on the retrieval results. This study is important for developing the retrieval algorithm, and can also improve the application of OMI SO2 products.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
National Satellite Meteorological Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;
2.
State Key Laboratory of the Science of Remote Sensing, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China;
4.
Key Laboratory of Environmental Optical and Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei 230031, China

Corresponding author: Li Xiao-Jing, lixiaoj@cma.gov.cn

Funds: Project supported by the Young Science Fund from National Satellite Meteorological Center, High-resolution Earth Observation System, China (Grant No. E310/1112), the Special Scientific Research Fund of Meteorological Public Welfare Profession of China (Grant No. GYHY201106045), Partnership with China on Space Data (PANDA) (Grant No. 606719), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41501413).

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Cited By

[1]	Myhre G, Stordal F, Berglen T F, Sundet J K, Isaksen I S A 2004 J. Atmos. Sci. 61 485
[2]	Benkovitz C M, Schwartz S E, Jensen M P, Miller M A 2006 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 6 4723
[3]	Jernelov A 1983 Ambio 12 362
[4]	Larssen T, Lydersen E, Tang D G, He Y, Gao J X, Liu H Y, Duan L, Seip H M, Vogt R D, Mulder J, Shao M, Wang Y H, Shang H, Zhang X S, Solberg S, Aas W, Okland T, Eilertsen O, Angell V, Liu Q R, Zhao D W, Xiang R J, Xiao J S, Luo J H 2006 Environ. Sci. Technol. 40 418
[5]	Zhao D, Sun B 1986 Ambio 15 2
[6]	Haines A 2003 Int. J. Epidemiol. 32 321
[7]	Fishman J, Bowman K W, Burrows J P, Richter A, Chance K V, Edwards D P, Martin R V, Morris G A, Pierce R B, Ziemke J R, Al-Saadi J A, Creilson J K, Schaack T K, Thompson A M 2008 B. Am. Meteorol. Soc. 89 805
[8]	Martin R V 2008 Atmos. Environ. 42 7823
[9]	Burrows J P, Weber M, Buchwitz M, Rozanov V, Ladstatter-Weissenmayer A, Richter A, DeBeek R, Hoogen R, Bramstedt K, Eichmann K U, Eisinger M 1999 J. Atmos. Sci. 56 151
[10]	Eisinger M, Burrows J P 1998 Geophys. Res. Lett. 25 4177
[11]	Gottwald M, Bovensmann H, Lichtenberg G, Noel S, von Bargen A, Slijkhuis S, Piters A, Hoogeveen R, von Savigny C, Buchwitz M 2006 Sciamachy, Monitoring the Changing Earth's Atmosphere (Germany: DLR) pp31-42
[12]	Levelt P F, van den Oord G H J, Dobber M R, Malkki A, Visser H, de Vries J, Stammes P, Lundell J O V, Saari H 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1093
[13]	Munro R, Eisinger M, Anderson C, Callies J, Corpaccioli E, Lang R, Lefebvre A, Livschitz Y, Albiana A P 2006 Proc. of The 2006 EUMETSAT Meteorological Satellite Conference Helsinki, Finland, 12-16 June, 2006 p12
[14]	Yang K, Dickerson R R, Carn S A, Ge C, Wang J 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 4957
[15]	Krotkov N A, Carn S A, Krueger A J, Bhartia P K, Yang K 2006 IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens. 44 1259
[16]	Li C, Krotkov N A, Dickerson R R, Li Z Q, Yang K, Chin M 2010 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 115
[17]	Li C, Zhang Q, Krotkov N A, Streets D G, He K, Tsay S C, Gleason J F 2010 Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 292
[18]	Carn S A, Krueger A J, Krotkov N A, Yang K, Levelt P F 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34 1093
[19]	McLinden C A, Fioletov V, Boersma K F, Krotkov N, Sioris C E, Veefkind J P, Yang K 2012 Geophys. Res. Lett. 39 81
[20]	Yan H H, Chen L F, Tao J H, Han D, Su L, Yu C 2012 J. Remote Sens. 16 390
[21]	Krotkov N A, McClure B, Dickerson R R, Carn S A, Li C, Bhartia P K, Yang K, Krueger A J, Li Z Q, Levelt P F, Chen H B, Wang P C, Lu D R 2008 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 113 259
[22]	Lee C, Martin R V, van Donkelaar A, O'Byrne G, Krotkov N, Richter A, Huey L G, Holloway J S 2009 J. Geophys. Res. 114
[23]	Lee C, Martin R V, van Donkelaar A, Lee H, Dickerson R R, Hains J C, Krotkov N, Richter A, Vinnikov K, Schwab J J 2011 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 116 161
[24]	Yan H, Chen L, Tao J, Su L, Huang J, Han D, Yu C 2012b Atmos. Meas. Tech. 5 2635
[25]	Witte J C, Schoeberl M R, Douglass A R, Gleason J F, Krotkov N A, Gille J C, Pickering K E, Livesey N 2009 Geophys. Res. Lett. 36 37
[26]	Carn S A, Krueger A J, Arellano S, Krotkov N A, Yang K 2008 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 176 141
[27]	Fioletov V, McLinden C, Krotkov N, Yang K, Loyola D, Valks P, Theys N, van Roozendael M, Nowlan C, Chance K 2013 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 118 11
[28]	Ialongo I, Hakkarainen J, Kivi R, Anttila P, Krotkov N, Yang K, Li C, Tukiainen S, Hassinen S, Tamminen J 2015 Atmos. Meas. Tech. 8 2279
[29]	Yang K, Krotkov N A, Krueger A J, Carn S A, Bhartia P K, Levelt P F 2007 J. Geophys. Res. 112 D24S43
[30]	He H, Li C, Loughner C P, Li Z Q, Krotkov N A, Yang K, Wang L, Zheng Y F, Bao X D, Zhao G Q, Dickerson R R 2012 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 117
[31]	Cai Z, Liu Y, Wang P, Meng X, Xia J 2008 Asia-Pacific Remote Sensing Noumea, New Caledonia, November 18, 2008 p71520O
[32]	Wang T, Wang P C, Yu H, et al. 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 054206 (in Chinese) [王婷, 王普才, 余环等 2013 物理学报 62 054206]
[33]	Li C, Joiner J, Krotkov N A, Bhartia P K 2013 Geophys. Res. Lett. 40 6314
[34]	Fioletov V, McLinden C, Krotkov N, Li C 2015 Geophys. Res. Lett. 42 1969
[35]	Li C, Zhang Q, Krotkov N A, Streets D G, He K, Tsay S C, Gleason J F 2010 Geophys. Res. Lett. 37 292
[36]	Bogumil K, Orphal J, Homann T, Voigt S, Spietz P, Fleischmann O C, Vogel A, Hartmann M, Kromminga H, Bovensmann H, Frerick J, Burrows J P 2003 J. Photoch. Photobio. A 157 167
[37]	Dave J V 1964 Astrophys. J. 140 1292
[38]	Xu J, Xie P H, Si F Q, Li A, Dou K, Liu Y, Qin M, Wang M H, Zhang Y, Shi P 2009 J. Atmos. Environ. Opt. 4 347 (in Chinese) [徐晋, 谢品华, 司福棋, 李昂, 窦科, 刘宇, 秦敏, 王曼华, 章勇, 石鹏 2009 大气与环境光学学报 4 347]
[39]	Xu J, Xie P H, Si F Q, Li A, Dou K, Liu W Q 2012 Spectrosc. Spect. Anal. 32 558 (in Chinese) [徐晋, 谢品华, 司福祺, 李昂, 窦科, 刘文清 2012 光谱学与光谱分析 32 558]
[40]	Zhang X Y, van Geffen J, Liao H, Zhang P, Lou S J 2012 Atmos. Environ. 60 238
[41]	Khoder M I 2002 Chemosphere 49 675
[42]	Zhang M G, Uno I, Yoshida Y, Xu Y F, Wang Z F, Akimoto H, Bates T, Quinn T, Bandy A, Blomquist B 2004 Atmos. Environ. 38 6947
[43]	Zhang M G, Uno I, Sugata S, Wang Z F, Byun D, Akimoto H 2002 Geophys. Res. Lett. 29
[44]	Zhang M G, Pu Y F, Zhang R J, Han Z W 2006 Environ. Modell. Softw. 21 812
[45]	Zhang M, Han Z, Zhu L 2007 China Particuology 5 321
[46]	Zhang M, Gao L, Ge C, Xu Y 2007 Tellus B 59 372
[47]	Zhang M G 2005 Chinese J. Atmos. Sci. 29 805 (in Chinese) [张美根 2005 大气科学 29 805]
[48]	Pielke R A, Cotton W R, Walko R L, Tremback C J, Lyons W A, Grasso L D, Nicholls M E, Moran M D, Wesley D A, Lee T J, Copeland J H 1992 Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. 49 69
[49]	Byun D W, Ching J K S 1999 Science Algorithms of the EPA Models 3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Modeling System (Washington: US Environmental Protection Agency) pp1-15
[50]	Lu Z, Zhang Q, Streets D G 2011 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 9839
[51]	Chin M, Savoie D L, Huebert B J, Bandy A R, Thornton D C, Bates T S, Quinn P K, Saltzman E S, De Bruyn W J 2000 J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 105 24689
[52]	Wang Y S, Yao L, Wang L L, Liu Z R, Ji D S, Tang G Q, Zhang J K, Sun Y, Hu B, Xin J Y 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 44 15 (in Chinese) [王跃思, 姚利, 王莉莉, 刘子锐, 吉东生, 唐贵谦, 张军科, 孙扬, 胡波, 辛金元 2014 中国科学: 地球科学 44 15]
[53]	Wang Z F, Li J, Wang Z, Yang W Y, Tang X, Ge B Z, Yan P Z, Zhu L L, Chen X S, Chen H S, Wang W, Li J J, Liu B, Wang X Y, Wang W, Zhao Y L, Lu N, Su D B 2014 Science China: Earth Sciences 44 3 (in Chinese) [王自发, 李杰, 王哲, 杨文夷, 唐晓, 葛宝珠, 晏平仲, 朱莉莉, 陈学舜, 陈焕盛, 王威, 李健军, 刘冰, 王晓彦, 汪巍, 赵熠琳, 鲁宁, 苏德斌 2014 中国科学:地球科学 44 3]
[54]	Zhang R H, Li Q, Zhang R N 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sciences 44 27 (in Chinese) [张人禾, 李强, 张若楠 2014 中国科学: 地球科学 44 27]
[55]	Ding Y H, Liu J Y 2014 Sci. China: Earth Sci. 44 37 (in Chinese) [丁一汇, 柳艳菊 2014 中国科学:地球科学 44 37]
[56]	Bhugwant C, Sieja B, Bessafi M, Staudacher T, Ecormier J 2009 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 184 208
[57]	Gillot P Y, Nativel P 1989 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 36 53
[58]	Deroussi S, Diament M, Feret J B, Nebut T, Staudacher T 2009 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 184 193
[59]	Michon L, Staudacher T, Ferrazzini V, Bachelery P, Marti J 2007 Geophys. Res. Lett. 34
[60]	Staudacher T, Ferrazzini V, Peltier A, Kowalski P, Boissier P, Catherine P, Lauret F, Massin F 2009 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 184 126
[61]	Coppola D, Piscopo D, Staudacher T, Cigolini C 2009 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 184 174
[62]	Peltier A, Staudacher T, Bachelery P, Cayol V 2009 J. Volcanol. Geoth. Res. 184 152
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