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钨空位捕获氢及其解离过程的分子动力学

付宝勤 侯氢 汪俊 丘明杰 崔节超

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钨空位捕获氢及其解离过程的分子动力学

付宝勤, 侯氢, 汪俊, 丘明杰, 崔节超

Molecular dynamics study of trapping and detrapping process of hydrogen in tungsten vacancy

Fu Bao-Qin, Hou Qing, Wang Jun, Qiu Ming-Jie, Cui Jie-Chao
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  • 氢(H)同位素滞留问题是聚变堆第一壁材料设计的关键, 而深入理解H在缺陷(如空位)处的非均匀形核长大过程有助于揭示H起泡及滞留的机制. 针对第一壁材料钨(W)中空位捕获H及其解离的动力学过程开展研究, 通过耦合捕获和解离两过程, 构建新物理模型, 避免了原单一过程的物理模型需准确记录相应事件首次发生时间的不足, 另外新模型可同时提取解离系数和有效捕获半径等动力学参数. 通过分子动力学模拟发现新模型能较好地描述W中空位-H复合体对H捕获和解离的动力学过程, 根据空位-H复合体随时间的演化曲线, 提取了有效捕获半径和解离系数等动力学参数. 一方面能为动力学蒙特卡罗和速率理论等长时空尺度方法提供输入参数, 另一方面促进了分子动力学的发展, 进而实现了以较低计算资源获得更可靠的计算结果.
    Tungsten (W) alloys and W-based alloys are the primary candidate materials for plasma-facing components in future fusion reactors (e.g. ITER and CFETR). One of the critical issues still to be clarified in the design of the fusion reactor materials is the retention of hydrogen (H) isotopes in W, when the plasma-facing materials are supposed to sustain high-flux plasma and high-energy neutron. The dynamical behaviours of H in W with radiation defects (e.g. vacancy) are of serious concerns for understanding the mechanism of H capture, retention and permeation in W. In this work, a new model to extract the effective capture radius (ECR) and dissociation coefficient simultaneously is presented through coupling the trapping process and detrapping process of H in W vacancy. In the new model, the quantity ratio of vacancy to H atom in vacancy-H complex (VHx+1) in the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations is described as a function of time, while the exact occurrence time of corresponding event is not required. This new model, combined with extensive MD calculations, enables the simultaneous determining of the ECR and dissociation coefficient of H in W vacancy. It is found that the parameters are dependent not only on the event type but also on temperature. The dissociation energy of H from vacancy-H complex decreases gradually with the increase of the trapped number of H atoms in the vacancy-H complex. It is also found that the common assumption (i.e. the ECR is equal to one lattice constant and the pre-exponential factor is equal to 1013 s–1) in the long-term simulation methods (e.g. kinetic Monte Carlo and rate theory) is not always valid, since these calculated dynamical parameters are dispersive. The new model to obtain more reliable results with lower cost of computing resources can be easily extended into the other similar kinetic processes (e.g. H/He trapping and detrapping processes in other materials systems). These calculated dynamical parameters should be potentially helpful in supplying the initial input parameters for the long-term simulation methods.
      通信作者: 付宝勤, bqfu@scu.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 51501119)资助的课题
      Corresponding author: Fu Bao-Qin, bqfu@scu.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51501119)
    [1]

    Lu G H, Zhou H B, Becquart C S 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 086001Google Scholar

    [2]

    李建刚, 宋云涛, 刘永, 汪小琳, 万元熙 2016 聚变工程试验堆装置主机设计 (北京: 科学出版社) 第250−252页

    Li J G, Song Y T, Liu Y, Wang X L, Wan Y X 2016 Main Machine Design of Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (Beijing: Science Press) pp250−252 (in Chinese)

    [3]

    Jia Y Z, Liu W, Xu B, Luo G N, Li C, Fu B Q, de Temmerman G 2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 312Google Scholar

    [4]

    Yi X, Jenkins M L, Hattar K, Edmondson P D, Roberts S G 2015 Acta Mater. 92 163Google Scholar

    [5]

    Hu X, Koyanagi T, Fukuda M, Kumar N A P K, Snead L L, Wirth B D, Katoh Y 2016 J. Nucl. Mater. 480 235Google Scholar

    [6]

    Fu B Q, Lai W S, Yuan Y, Xu H Y, Li C, Jia Y Z, Liu W 2013 Chinese Phys. B 22 126601Google Scholar

    [7]

    Ye M Y 2005 Plasma Sci. Technol. 7 2828Google Scholar

    [8]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Zhai L, Yang A L, Hou Q 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 450 220Google Scholar

    [9]

    Oyaidzu M, Hayashi T, Alimov V K 2016 Nucl. Mater. Energy 9 93Google Scholar

    [10]

    Jia Y Z, Liu W, Xu B, Qu S L, Shi L Q, Morgan T W 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 034003Google Scholar

    [11]

    Heinola K, Ahlgren T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 073409Google Scholar

    [12]

    Frauenfelder R 1969 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6 388Google Scholar

    [13]

    Qiu M J, Zhai L, Cui J C, Fu B Q, Li M, Hou Q 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 073103Google Scholar

    [14]

    Liu Y L, Zhang Y, Luo G N, Lu G H 2009 J. Nucl. Mater. 390/391 1032Google Scholar

    [15]

    Jiang B, Wan F R, Geng W T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 134112

    [16]

    Liu Y L, Gao A Y, Lu W, Zhou H B, Zhang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 077101

    [17]

    Guo W, Ge L, Yuan Y, Cheng L, Wang S, Zhang X, Lu G H 2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 026005Google Scholar

    [18]

    Terentyev D, Dubinko V, Bakaev A, Zayachuk Y, van Renterghem W, Grigorev P 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 042004Google Scholar

    [19]

    Zhou H B, Liu Y L, Jin S, Zhang Y, Luo G N, Lu G H 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 025016Google Scholar

    [20]

    Wang X X, Niu L L, Wang S 2017 J. Nucl. Mater. 487 158Google Scholar

    [21]

    Fu B Q, Xu B, Lai W S, Yuan Y, Xu H Y, Li C, Jia Y Z, Liu W 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 441 24Google Scholar

    [22]

    王欣欣, 张颖, 周洪波, 王金龙 2014 物理学报 63 046103Google Scholar

    Wang X X, Zhang Y, Zhou H B, Wang J L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 046103Google Scholar

    [23]

    汪俊, 张宝玲, 周宇璐, 侯氢 2011 物理学报 60 106601Google Scholar

    Wang J, Zhang B L, Zhou Y L, Hou Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 106601Google Scholar

    [24]

    严六明, 朱素华 2013 分子动力学模拟的理论与实践 (北京: 科学出版社) 第6−12页

    Yan L M, Zhu S H 2013 Theory and Practice of Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Beijing: Science Press) pp6−12 (in Chinese)

    [25]

    Hou Q, Li M, Zhou Y, Cui J, Cui Z, Wang J 2013 Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 2091Google Scholar

    [26]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Cui J C, Li M, Hou Q 2018 J. Nucl. Mater. 508 278Google Scholar

    [27]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Cui J C, Li M, Wang J, Hou Q 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 452 21Google Scholar

    [28]

    Zhou Y L, Wang J, Hou Q, Deng A H 2014 J. Nucl. Mater. 446 49Google Scholar

    [29]

    Chandrasekhar S 1943 Rev. Mod. Phys. 15 1Google Scholar

    [30]

    Fernandez N, Ferro Y, Kato D 2015 Acta Mater. 94 307Google Scholar

    [31]

    Ahlgren T, Bukonte L 2016 J. Nucl. Mater. 479 195Google Scholar

    [32]

    Bonny G, Grigorev P, Terentyev D 2014 J. Phys.-Condens. Mat. 26 485001Google Scholar

    [33]

    Swope W C, Andersen H C, Berens P H, Wilson K R 1982 J. Chem. Phys. 76 637Google Scholar

    [34]

    Fu B Q, Liu W, Li Z L 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 8511Google Scholar

    [35]

    Marinica M C, Ventelon L, Gilbert M R, Proville L, Dudarev S L, Marian J, Bencteux G, Willaime F 2013 J. Phys.-Condens. Mat. 25 395502Google Scholar

    [36]

    Stukowski A 2010 Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. 18 015012Google Scholar

    [37]

    Cheng G J, Fu B Q, Hou Q, Zhou X S, Wang J 2016 Chinese Phys. B 25 076602Google Scholar

    [38]

    Fu B Q, Fitzgerald S P, Hou Q, Wang J, Li M 2017 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 393 169Google Scholar

  • 图 1  含有空位-H复合体(VH2)的初始超胞, 其中红色点表示W原子, 蓝色球表示H原子

    Fig. 1.  One simulation box with vacancy-H complex (VH2), where red pots represent W atoms and blue spheres represent H atoms.

    图 2  不同温度下, 空位-H复合体(VHx+1)的含量(${y_{{\rm{V}}{{\rm{H}}_{x + 1}}}}\left( t \right) = {{{N_{{\rm{V}}{{\rm{H}}_{x + 1}}}}\left( t \right)} / {{N_{\rm{b}}}}}$)与时间(t)的变化, 其中曲线由 (10)式拟合

    Fig. 2.  Ratio of VHx+1 in the simulation (${y_{{\rm{V}}{{\rm{H}}_{x + 1}}}}\left( t \right) = {{{N_{{\rm{V}}{{\rm{H}}_{x + 1}}}}\left( t \right)} / {{N_{\rm{b}}}}}$) as function of time (t), where the curves are fitted by Eq. (10).

    图 3  不同空位-H复合体(VHx+1)的H解离系数(kdiss, x+1)与温度(T)的变化, 其中曲线由公式lnk = lnν E/kB/T拟合

    Fig. 3.  Dissociation coefficients (kdiss, x+1) of H detrapping from various VHx+1 complex as functions of temperature (T), where the curves are fitted by equation lnk = lnν E/kB/T.

    图 4  新模型推导的解离能(a)和前因子(b)与前期模型[26]计算值的比较, 其中虚线表示(Enew = Eoldνnew = νold)

    Fig. 4.  (a) Dissociation energies and (b) pre-exponential factors deduced by new model (present work) and old model [26], where the dash line means Enew = Eold or νnew = νold.

    图 5  新模型推导的有效捕获半径ECRnew与前期模型[26] ECRold计算值的比较, 其中虚线表示ECRnew = ECRold

    Fig. 5.  Effective capture radii deduced by new model (present work) and old model [26], where the dash line means ECRnew = ECRold.

  • [1]

    Lu G H, Zhou H B, Becquart C S 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 086001Google Scholar

    [2]

    李建刚, 宋云涛, 刘永, 汪小琳, 万元熙 2016 聚变工程试验堆装置主机设计 (北京: 科学出版社) 第250−252页

    Li J G, Song Y T, Liu Y, Wang X L, Wan Y X 2016 Main Machine Design of Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (Beijing: Science Press) pp250−252 (in Chinese)

    [3]

    Jia Y Z, Liu W, Xu B, Luo G N, Li C, Fu B Q, de Temmerman G 2015 J. Nucl. Mater. 463 312Google Scholar

    [4]

    Yi X, Jenkins M L, Hattar K, Edmondson P D, Roberts S G 2015 Acta Mater. 92 163Google Scholar

    [5]

    Hu X, Koyanagi T, Fukuda M, Kumar N A P K, Snead L L, Wirth B D, Katoh Y 2016 J. Nucl. Mater. 480 235Google Scholar

    [6]

    Fu B Q, Lai W S, Yuan Y, Xu H Y, Li C, Jia Y Z, Liu W 2013 Chinese Phys. B 22 126601Google Scholar

    [7]

    Ye M Y 2005 Plasma Sci. Technol. 7 2828Google Scholar

    [8]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Zhai L, Yang A L, Hou Q 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 450 220Google Scholar

    [9]

    Oyaidzu M, Hayashi T, Alimov V K 2016 Nucl. Mater. Energy 9 93Google Scholar

    [10]

    Jia Y Z, Liu W, Xu B, Qu S L, Shi L Q, Morgan T W 2017 Nucl. Fusion 57 034003Google Scholar

    [11]

    Heinola K, Ahlgren T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 073409Google Scholar

    [12]

    Frauenfelder R 1969 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 6 388Google Scholar

    [13]

    Qiu M J, Zhai L, Cui J C, Fu B Q, Li M, Hou Q 2018 Chin. Phys. B 27 073103Google Scholar

    [14]

    Liu Y L, Zhang Y, Luo G N, Lu G H 2009 J. Nucl. Mater. 390/391 1032Google Scholar

    [15]

    Jiang B, Wan F R, Geng W T 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 134112

    [16]

    Liu Y L, Gao A Y, Lu W, Zhou H B, Zhang Y 2012 Chin. Phys. Lett. 29 077101

    [17]

    Guo W, Ge L, Yuan Y, Cheng L, Wang S, Zhang X, Lu G H 2019 Nucl. Fusion 59 026005Google Scholar

    [18]

    Terentyev D, Dubinko V, Bakaev A, Zayachuk Y, van Renterghem W, Grigorev P 2014 Nucl. Fusion 54 042004Google Scholar

    [19]

    Zhou H B, Liu Y L, Jin S, Zhang Y, Luo G N, Lu G H 2010 Nucl. Fusion 50 025016Google Scholar

    [20]

    Wang X X, Niu L L, Wang S 2017 J. Nucl. Mater. 487 158Google Scholar

    [21]

    Fu B Q, Xu B, Lai W S, Yuan Y, Xu H Y, Li C, Jia Y Z, Liu W 2013 J. Nucl. Mater. 441 24Google Scholar

    [22]

    王欣欣, 张颖, 周洪波, 王金龙 2014 物理学报 63 046103Google Scholar

    Wang X X, Zhang Y, Zhou H B, Wang J L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 046103Google Scholar

    [23]

    汪俊, 张宝玲, 周宇璐, 侯氢 2011 物理学报 60 106601Google Scholar

    Wang J, Zhang B L, Zhou Y L, Hou Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 106601Google Scholar

    [24]

    严六明, 朱素华 2013 分子动力学模拟的理论与实践 (北京: 科学出版社) 第6−12页

    Yan L M, Zhu S H 2013 Theory and Practice of Molecular Dynamics Simulation (Beijing: Science Press) pp6−12 (in Chinese)

    [25]

    Hou Q, Li M, Zhou Y, Cui J, Cui Z, Wang J 2013 Comput. Phys. Commun. 184 2091Google Scholar

    [26]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Cui J C, Li M, Hou Q 2018 J. Nucl. Mater. 508 278Google Scholar

    [27]

    Fu B Q, Qiu M J, Cui J C, Li M, Wang J, Hou Q 2019 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 452 21Google Scholar

    [28]

    Zhou Y L, Wang J, Hou Q, Deng A H 2014 J. Nucl. Mater. 446 49Google Scholar

    [29]

    Chandrasekhar S 1943 Rev. Mod. Phys. 15 1Google Scholar

    [30]

    Fernandez N, Ferro Y, Kato D 2015 Acta Mater. 94 307Google Scholar

    [31]

    Ahlgren T, Bukonte L 2016 J. Nucl. Mater. 479 195Google Scholar

    [32]

    Bonny G, Grigorev P, Terentyev D 2014 J. Phys.-Condens. Mat. 26 485001Google Scholar

    [33]

    Swope W C, Andersen H C, Berens P H, Wilson K R 1982 J. Chem. Phys. 76 637Google Scholar

    [34]

    Fu B Q, Liu W, Li Z L 2009 Appl. Surf. Sci. 255 8511Google Scholar

    [35]

    Marinica M C, Ventelon L, Gilbert M R, Proville L, Dudarev S L, Marian J, Bencteux G, Willaime F 2013 J. Phys.-Condens. Mat. 25 395502Google Scholar

    [36]

    Stukowski A 2010 Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. 18 015012Google Scholar

    [37]

    Cheng G J, Fu B Q, Hou Q, Zhou X S, Wang J 2016 Chinese Phys. B 25 076602Google Scholar

    [38]

    Fu B Q, Fitzgerald S P, Hou Q, Wang J, Li M 2017 Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B 393 169Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2019-05-09
  • 修回日期:  2019-09-14
  • 上网日期:  2019-11-27
  • 刊出日期:  2019-12-01

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