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银、银-铝合金及其内氧化银-铝合金的内耗峯

刘民治

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银、银-铝合金及其内氧化银-铝合金的内耗峯

刘民治

INTERNAL FRICTION PEAKS IN PURE SILVER, SILVER-ALUMINIUM ALLOYS AND INTERNAL OXIDIZED SILVER-ALLUMINIUM ALLOYS

LIU MIN-CHIH
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  • 用频率约为1周/秒的扭摆,测量了99.99%和99.95%两种纯银以及99.99%纯银分别加入0.01%、0.02%、0.05%、0.15%、0.5%铝和99.95%纯银加入0.5%铝的六种合金的内耗。并且,还比较了三种合金的多晶和其中一种合金的单晶在内氧化前和后,以及经过不同时间的内氧化处理后的内耗变化。实验的结果表明:(1)99.99%纯银试样在空气中测量,升温过程中在130℃左右出现一个内耗峯,从高温作降温测量这个峯不再明显地出现。(2)99.95%纯银试样和99.99%纯银加有少量铝的三种合金试样,在空气中作升温测量,都出现两个明显的内耗峯。低温峯出现在130℃到260℃的范围内,高温峯出现在380℃到430℃的范围内。这两种内耗峯的高度和巅值温度都随杂质含量的多少而改变。从高温作降温测量,高温峯可以重复出现,而低温峯就不再出现。加入合金元素一方面会引起一个新的高温峯,另一方面它又起着抑制低温峯出现的作用。当铝含量超过0.05%(即0.2原子%)时,就只出现一个高温峯。实验的结果指出,低温峯和氧在银中存在时的状态有关,可能是由于晶界上Ag2O的变化导致晶界结构状态和空位的平衡浓度的改变而引起的。高温峯可能是由于富集在晶界或亚晶界处的合金元素,在一定温度的交变应力下向晶粒内扩散和反扩散所引起的。(3)经过内氧化处理后的合金试样,其内耗巅值是随处理时间的增加而减小。这种内耗的变化也是由于晶界处的铝和氧原子的平衡浓度和界面结构状态受到改变引起的。
    Internal friction peaks in two types of pure silver and six types of silver alloys were investigated with a torsion pendulum of about 1 cps. Comparisons were made on the variations of internal friction of both single and polycrystalline specimens of different compositions before and after different degrees of internal oxidation.Experimental results show: (1) The peak temperature of high purity silver (99.99%) appeared at about 130℃ when internal friction was measured in air in the course of heating, but the peak disappeared when measurements were taken in a reverse course (i.e. during cooling) from a temperature of ~400℃ or above. (2) To all specimens of lower purity (99.95 % Ag) and the three types of silver alloys, two peaks, one at 130°-260℃ and another at 380-430℃, have been observed in the course of heating. The height and the position (temperature) of both peaks depend on the concentration of impurities. When measurements were taken in the course of cooling, the low temperature peak, resembling that in high purity specimens, also disappeared; but the high temperature peak remained unaffected. The effect of alloy elements seems to give rise to the high temperature peak, and simultaneously to suppress the occurence of the low temperature peak. At Al concentrations in excess of 0.05% (0.2 at. %) only the high temperature peak was observed. (3) After internal oxidation treatments the peak heights of alloy specimens decreased with increasing time of treatment.
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  • 文章访问数:  7765
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  1963-09-09
  • 刊出日期:  1965-01-05

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