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基于全量子理论对相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射(CARS)过程进行了分析, 在此基础上搭建了单频CARS显微成像系统, 获得了不同尺寸聚苯乙烯微球高对比度的CARS显微图像. 为了标定成像系统的空间分辨率, 采用逐点扫描方式对直径为110 nm聚苯乙烯微球成像, 从而重构出系统的点扩展函数. 结果表明: 该CARS显微成像系统的横向空间分辨率约为600 nm, 而由阿贝衍射极限决定的理论空间分辨率约为300 nm. 分析了导致分辨率降低的原因, 并提出了解决方案. 为实现纳米分辨的CARS显微成像打下了坚实的基础.
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关键词:
- 相干反斯托克斯拉曼散射 /
- 显微成像 /
- 分辨率
In this paper, we analyze the process of coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) based on quantum theory and set up a traditional point-scanning CARS microscope. With this microscope, high-contrast images of polystyrene microspheres are obtained. By scanning polystyrene beads with 110 nm diameter, we reconstruct the point spread faction (PSF) of the system. And the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the PSF shows a lateral resolution about 600 nm, which is larger than the theoretical value (～ 300 nm). Therefore, we propose several resolution-improvement approaches, which lay a strong foundation for the realization of nano-CARS microscopy.-
Keywords:
- coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering /
- microscopy /
- resolution
[1] Courjon D, Bainier C 1994 Reports on Progress in Physics 57 989
[2] Axelrod D, Burghardt T P, Thompson N L 1984 Annual Rev. Biophys. Bioengin. 13 247
[3] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[4] Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X 2006 Nature Methods 3 793
[5] Betzig E, Patterson G H, Sougrat R, Lindwasser O W, Olenych S, Bonifacino J S 2006 Science 313 1642
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[10] Lu F, Zheng W, Huang Z 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1870
[11] Heuke S, Legesse F B, Akimov D, Hbner U, Dellith J, Schmitt M, Popp J 2015 JOSA B 32 1773
[12] Hajek K M, Littleton B, Turk D, McIntyre T J, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H 2010 Opt. Express 18 19263
[13] Namboodiri M, Khan T Z, Bom S, Flachenecker G, Materny A 2013 Opt. Express 21 918
[14] Lin J, Er K Z J, Zheng W, Huang Z 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 083705
[15] Upputuri P K, Wu Z, Gong L, Ong C K, Wang H 2014 Opt. Express 22 12890
[16] Beeker W P, Gro P, Lee C J, Cleff C, Offerhaus H L, Fallnich C, Herek J L, Boller K J 2009 Opt. Express 17 22632
[17] Beeker W P, Lee C J, Boller K J, Gro P, Cleff C, Fallnich C, Offerhaus H L, Herek J L 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 012507
[18] Beeker W P, Lee C J, Boller K J, Gro P, Cleff C, Fallnich C, Offerhaus H L, Herek J L 2011 J. Raman Spectrosc. 42 1854
[19] Liu W, Niu H B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 023830
[20] Liu X, Liu W, Yin J, Qu J L, Lin Z Y, Niu H B 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 34202
[21] Liu S L, Chen D N, Liu W, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 184210 (in Chinese) [刘双龙, 陈丹妮, 刘伟, 牛憨笨 2013 物理学报 62 184210]
[22] Liu W, Chen D N, Liu S L, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 164202 (in Chinese) [刘伟, 陈丹妮, 刘双龙, 牛憨笨 2013 物理学报 62 164202]
[23] Volkmer A, Book L D, Xie X S 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1505
[24] Cheng J X, Book L D, Xie X S 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 1341
[25] Potma E O, Evans C L, Xie X S 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 241
[26] Gachet D, Billard F, Sandeau N, Rigneault H 2007 Opt. Express 15 10408
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[1] Courjon D, Bainier C 1994 Reports on Progress in Physics 57 989
[2] Axelrod D, Burghardt T P, Thompson N L 1984 Annual Rev. Biophys. Bioengin. 13 247
[3] Hell S W, Wichmann J 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 780
[4] Rust M J, Bates M, Zhuang X 2006 Nature Methods 3 793
[5] Betzig E, Patterson G H, Sougrat R, Lindwasser O W, Olenych S, Bonifacino J S 2006 Science 313 1642
[6] Begley R F, Harvey A B, Byer R L 1974 Appl. Phys. Lett. 25 387
[7] Duncan M D, Reintjes J, Manuccia T J 1982 Opt. Lett. 7 350
[8] Zumbusch A, Holtom G R, Xie X S 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4142
[9] Cheng J X, Jia Y K, Zheng G F, Xie X S 2002 Biophys. J. 83 502
[10] Lu F, Zheng W, Huang Z 2009 Opt. Lett. 34 1870
[11] Heuke S, Legesse F B, Akimov D, Hbner U, Dellith J, Schmitt M, Popp J 2015 JOSA B 32 1773
[12] Hajek K M, Littleton B, Turk D, McIntyre T J, Rubinsztein-Dunlop H 2010 Opt. Express 18 19263
[13] Namboodiri M, Khan T Z, Bom S, Flachenecker G, Materny A 2013 Opt. Express 21 918
[14] Lin J, Er K Z J, Zheng W, Huang Z 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 083705
[15] Upputuri P K, Wu Z, Gong L, Ong C K, Wang H 2014 Opt. Express 22 12890
[16] Beeker W P, Gro P, Lee C J, Cleff C, Offerhaus H L, Fallnich C, Herek J L, Boller K J 2009 Opt. Express 17 22632
[17] Beeker W P, Lee C J, Boller K J, Gro P, Cleff C, Fallnich C, Offerhaus H L, Herek J L 2010 Phys. Rev. A 81 012507
[18] Beeker W P, Lee C J, Boller K J, Gro P, Cleff C, Fallnich C, Offerhaus H L, Herek J L 2011 J. Raman Spectrosc. 42 1854
[19] Liu W, Niu H B 2011 Phys. Rev. A 83 023830
[20] Liu X, Liu W, Yin J, Qu J L, Lin Z Y, Niu H B 2011 Chin. Phys. Lett. 28 34202
[21] Liu S L, Chen D N, Liu W, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 184210 (in Chinese) [刘双龙, 陈丹妮, 刘伟, 牛憨笨 2013 物理学报 62 184210]
[22] Liu W, Chen D N, Liu S L, Niu H B 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 164202 (in Chinese) [刘伟, 陈丹妮, 刘双龙, 牛憨笨 2013 物理学报 62 164202]
[23] Volkmer A, Book L D, Xie X S 2002 Appl. Phys. Lett. 80 1505
[24] Cheng J X, Book L D, Xie X S 2001 Opt. Lett. 26 1341
[25] Potma E O, Evans C L, Xie X S 2006 Opt. Lett. 31 241
[26] Gachet D, Billard F, Sandeau N, Rigneault H 2007 Opt. Express 15 10408
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