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基于双高斯衰减模型的超声回波处理方法

王大为 王召巴 陈友兴 李海洋 王浩坤

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基于双高斯衰减模型的超声回波处理方法

王大为, 王召巴, 陈友兴, 李海洋, 王浩坤

Ultrasonic echo processing method based on dual-Gaussian attenuation model

Wang Da-Wei, Wang Zhao-Ba, Chen You-Xing, Li Hai-Yang, Wang Hao-Kun
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  • 信号降噪与特征提取是超声检测数据处理的关键技术. 基于超声信号有特定结构而噪声和超声信号的结构无关, 本文提出一种旨在解决强噪声背景下超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题的方法. 该方法将超声回波的参数估计和降噪问题转换为函数优化问题, 首先根据工程经验建立超声信号的双高斯衰减数学模型, 然后根据观测回波和建立的超声信号模型确定目标函数, 接着选择人工蜂群算法对目标函数进行优化从而得到参数的最优估计值, 最后由估计出的参数根据建立的超声信号数学模型重构出无噪的超声估计信号. 通过仿真和实验表明本文方法可以准确估计出信噪比大于–10 dB的含噪超声回波中的无噪信号, 且效果优于基于自适应阈值的小波降噪方法和经验模态分解方法; 此外相比常用的指数模型和高斯模型, 本文提出的双高斯衰减超声信号模型与实测超声信号更接近, 其均方误差为9.4 × 10–5, 波形相似系数为0.98.
    Ultrasonic non-destructive testing, which is one of the most important and rapidly developed non-destructive testing technologies, is widely used in industrial production and other areas. Signal de-noising and feature extraction, whose performance directly affects the evaluation of non-destructive testing results, are the key technologies of ultrasonic non-destructive testing data processing, and also the core elements of ultrasonic non-destructive testing. Therefore, the research on them has important academic significance and practical value. In order to solve the problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction of ultrasonic echo in strong noise background, a novel ultrasonic echo processing method is proposed in this paper. The principle of the proposed method in this paper is as follows. The ultrasonic echo, which is generated by modulating the ultrasonic transducer, has a specific structure, but the noise in practical engineering is usually a Gauss random process, therefore the noise is independent of the ultrasonic signal structure. In this paper, the problem of parameter estimation and noise reduction of ultrasonic echo signal are converted into a function optimization problem by establishing the model of ultrasonic signal, determining the objective function, optimizing the objective function, estimating the parameters, and reconstructing the ultrasonic signal. Firstly, a dual gaussian attenuation mathematical model of ultrasonic signal is established based on practical engineering experience. Secondly, the cosine similarity function, an effective measure of data sequence similarity, is selected as an objective function according to the observed echo and the established ultrasonic signal model. Thirdly, the artificial bee colony algorithm is selected to optimize the objective function to obtain the optimal estimation parameters of the ultrasonic signal from the noisy ultrasonic echo. Fourthly, the estimation of de-noising ultrasonic signal is reconstructed by the optimal parameters based on the established ultrasonic signal mathematical model. The processing results of simulated ultrasonic echoes and measured ultrasonic echoes show that the proposed method can accurately estimate the parameters of ultrasonic signal from strong background noise whose signal-to-noise ratio is lowest, as low as –10 dB. In addition, compared with the adaptive threshold based wavelet method and empirical mode decomposition method, the proposed method in this paper shows the good de-noising performance. Furthermore, compared with the commonly used exponential model and Gaussian model in numerical and simulation analysis, the proposed dual gaussian attenuation mathematical model of ultrasonic signal in this paper can well simulate the measured ultrasonic signal, with a mean square error of 9.4 × 10–5 and normalized correlation coefficient of 0.98.
      通信作者: 王召巴, wangzb@nuc.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11604304)、山西省科技攻关项目(批准号: 201603D121006-1)、山西省自然科学基金(批准号: 201701D221127, 201801D121150)、山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(批准号: 2016-084)和山西省高等学校科技创新项目(批准号: 201657)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Wang Zhao-Ba, wangzb@nuc.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11604304), the Shanxi Province Science and Technology Tackling Key Project, China (Grant No. 201603D121006-1), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province, China (Grant Nos. 201701D221127, 201801D121150), the Shanxi Provincial Foundation for Returned Scholars, China (Grant No. 2016-084), and the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi, China (Grant No. 201657).
    [1]

    Fulin J 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 456

    [2]

    Burkov M V, Eremin A V, Lyubutin P S, Byakov A V, Panin S V 2017 Russ. J. Nondestr. Test. 53 817Google Scholar

    [3]

    Lu Z K, Yang C, Qin D H, Luo Y L 2016 Signal Process. 120 607Google Scholar

    [4]

    Wang X K, Guan S Y, Hua L, Wang B, He X M 2019 Ultrasonics 91 161Google Scholar

    [5]

    Meng M, Chua Y J, Wouterson E, Ong C P K 2017 Neurocomputing 257 128Google Scholar

    [6]

    孙灵芳, 王彤彤, 徐曼菲, 李霞, 朴亨 2017 仪器仪表学报 38 2879

    Sun L F, Wang T T, Xu M F, Li X, Pu H 2017 Chin. J. Sci. Instrum. 38 2879 (in Chinese)

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    王大为, 王召巴 2018 物理学报 67 210501Google Scholar

    Wang D W, Wang Z B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 210501Google Scholar

    [8]

    Qi A L, Zhang G M, Dong M, Ma H W, Harvey D M 2018 Ultrasonics 88 1Google Scholar

    [9]

    Wu J, Zhu J G, Yang L H, Shen M T, Xue B, Liu Z X 2014 Measurement 47 433Google Scholar

    [10]

    Fang Z H, Hu L, Qin L H, Mao K, Chen W Y, Fu X 2017 Flow Meas. Instrum. 55 1Google Scholar

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    Demirli R, Saniie J 2001 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferr. 48 787Google Scholar

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    Rathee N, Ganotra D 2018 Signal Image Video P. 12 1141Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C D, Vecchi M P 1983 Science 220 671Google Scholar

    [14]

    Tamizharasan T, Barnabas J K, Pakkirisamy V 2012 P. I. Mech. Eng. B:J. Eng. 226 1159Google Scholar

    [15]

    李树有, 都志辉, 吴梦月, 朱静, 李三立 2001 物理学报 50 1260Google Scholar

    Li S Y, Du Z H, Wu M Y, Zhu J, Li S L 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1260Google Scholar

    [16]

    Hasanoglu M S, Dolen M 2018 Eng. Optimiz. 50 2013Google Scholar

    [17]

    Zhan Z H, Zhang J, Li Y, Chung H S H 2009 IEEE Trans. Cybern. 39 1362Google Scholar

    [18]

    李一博, 张博林, 刘自鑫, 张振宇 2014 物理学报 63 160504Google Scholar

    Li Y B, Zhang B L, Liu Z X, Zhang Z Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 160504Google Scholar

    [19]

    Karaboga D, Ozturk C 2011 Appl. Soft Comput. 11 652Google Scholar

    [20]

    Kiran M S, Findik O 2015 Appl. Soft Comput. 26 454Google Scholar

    [21]

    李广明, 胡志辉 2016 物理学报 65 230501Google Scholar

    Li G M, Hu Z H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 230501Google Scholar

    [22]

    Zhu J J, Li X L 2017 Healthcare. Technol. Lett. 4 134Google Scholar

    [23]

    唐炬, 高丽, 彭莉, 周倩 2007 高电压技术 12 66Google Scholar

    Tang J, Gao L, Peng L, Zhou Q 2007 High Voltage Eng. 12 66Google Scholar

  • 图 1  超声信号处理流程图

    Fig. 1.  Flow chart of ultrasonic signal processing.

    图 2  超声回波模型包络 (a) [a, b, T ] = [1.5, 2.5, 1]; (b) [a, b, T ] = [3, 3, 1]; (c) [a, b, T ] = [1.7, 3.2, 1]; (d) [a, b, T ] = [1, 3, 1]

    Fig. 2.  Envelope of ultrasonic echo model: (a) [a, b, T ] = [1.5, 2.5, 1]; (b) [a, b, T ] = [3, 3, 1]; (c) [a, b, T ] = [1.7, 3.2, 1]; (d) [a, b, T ] = [1, 3, 1].

    图 3  仿真超声回波 (a)理想超声信号; (b)含噪超声回波

    Fig. 3.  Simulation of ultrasonic echo: (a) Ideal ultrasonic signal; (b)noisy ultrasonic echo.

    图 4  不同方法降噪结果对比 (a)黑色实线为含噪回波, 红色虚线为原始信号; (b)本文方法处理结果; (c)小波方法处理结果; (d) EMD方法处理结果

    Fig. 4.  Comparison of de-noising by different methods: (a) Noisy echo plotted in a black solid line, original signal plotted in a red dotted line; (b) signal de-noised by our proposed method; (c) signal de-noised by wavelet method; (d) signal de-noised by EMD method

    图 5  超声回波采集装置

    Fig. 5.  Ultrasonic echo acquisition device.

    图 6  不同超声信号模型对比

    Fig. 6.  Comparison of different ultrasonic signal models.

    图 7  实测超声回波处理结果对比 (a)实测超声回波; (b)混入系统噪声后的实测超声回波, 信噪比为–10 dB; (c)本文方法结果; (d)小波方法结果; (e) EMD方法结果

    Fig. 7.  Comparison of measured ultrasonic echo processing results: (a) Measured ultrasonic echo; (b) measured ultrasonic echo contaminated by system noise; (c) echo processed by our proposed method; (d) echo processed by wavelet method; (e) echo processed by EMD method.

    表 1  渡越时间τ估计误差

    Table 1.  Estimation error of transit time τ.

    输入SNR实际值/${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$估计值/${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$绝对误差/${\text{μ}}{\rm{s}}$相对误差/%
    100 99.9979 0.0021 0.0021
    20 dB 500 499.9789 0.0211 0.0042
    800 800.0654 0.0654 0.0082
    100 100.1274 0.1274 0.1274
    10 dB 500 500.3514 0.3514 0.0703
    800 800.4780 0.4780 0.0597
    100 100.4791 0.4791 0.4791
    0 dB 500 500.7756 0.7756 0.1551
    800 802.3819 2.3819 0.2977
    100 98.6191 1.3809 1.3809
    –10 dB 500 504.4061 4.4061 0.8812
    800
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  不同方法降噪结果对比

    Table 2.  Comparison of denoising results using different methods.

    输入SNR方法MSENCCESNR/dB
    本文方法 0 1.0000 49.7149
    20 dB 小波方法 0 0.9996 30.5339
    EMD方法 0 0.9977 23.3946
    本文方法 0 1.0000 42.1588
    10 dB 小波方法 0.0001 0.9963 21.3690
    EMD方法 0.0002 0.9902 16.8283
    本文方法 0 0.9997 32.3540
    0 dB 小波方法 0.0010 0.9512 10.1957
    EMD方法 0.0014 0.9411 8.8503
    本文方法 0.0003 0.9857 15.4456
    –10 dB 小波方法 0.0043 0.8439 3.8503
    EMD方法 0.0100 0.7149 0.1636
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1]

    Fulin J 2017 Mater. Eval. 75 456

    [2]

    Burkov M V, Eremin A V, Lyubutin P S, Byakov A V, Panin S V 2017 Russ. J. Nondestr. Test. 53 817Google Scholar

    [3]

    Lu Z K, Yang C, Qin D H, Luo Y L 2016 Signal Process. 120 607Google Scholar

    [4]

    Wang X K, Guan S Y, Hua L, Wang B, He X M 2019 Ultrasonics 91 161Google Scholar

    [5]

    Meng M, Chua Y J, Wouterson E, Ong C P K 2017 Neurocomputing 257 128Google Scholar

    [6]

    孙灵芳, 王彤彤, 徐曼菲, 李霞, 朴亨 2017 仪器仪表学报 38 2879

    Sun L F, Wang T T, Xu M F, Li X, Pu H 2017 Chin. J. Sci. Instrum. 38 2879 (in Chinese)

    [7]

    王大为, 王召巴 2018 物理学报 67 210501Google Scholar

    Wang D W, Wang Z B 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 210501Google Scholar

    [8]

    Qi A L, Zhang G M, Dong M, Ma H W, Harvey D M 2018 Ultrasonics 88 1Google Scholar

    [9]

    Wu J, Zhu J G, Yang L H, Shen M T, Xue B, Liu Z X 2014 Measurement 47 433Google Scholar

    [10]

    Fang Z H, Hu L, Qin L H, Mao K, Chen W Y, Fu X 2017 Flow Meas. Instrum. 55 1Google Scholar

    [11]

    Demirli R, Saniie J 2001 IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferr. 48 787Google Scholar

    [12]

    Rathee N, Ganotra D 2018 Signal Image Video P. 12 1141Google Scholar

    [13]

    Kirkpatrick S, Gelatt C D, Vecchi M P 1983 Science 220 671Google Scholar

    [14]

    Tamizharasan T, Barnabas J K, Pakkirisamy V 2012 P. I. Mech. Eng. B:J. Eng. 226 1159Google Scholar

    [15]

    李树有, 都志辉, 吴梦月, 朱静, 李三立 2001 物理学报 50 1260Google Scholar

    Li S Y, Du Z H, Wu M Y, Zhu J, Li S L 2001 Acta Phys. Sin. 50 1260Google Scholar

    [16]

    Hasanoglu M S, Dolen M 2018 Eng. Optimiz. 50 2013Google Scholar

    [17]

    Zhan Z H, Zhang J, Li Y, Chung H S H 2009 IEEE Trans. Cybern. 39 1362Google Scholar

    [18]

    李一博, 张博林, 刘自鑫, 张振宇 2014 物理学报 63 160504Google Scholar

    Li Y B, Zhang B L, Liu Z X, Zhang Z Y 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 160504Google Scholar

    [19]

    Karaboga D, Ozturk C 2011 Appl. Soft Comput. 11 652Google Scholar

    [20]

    Kiran M S, Findik O 2015 Appl. Soft Comput. 26 454Google Scholar

    [21]

    李广明, 胡志辉 2016 物理学报 65 230501Google Scholar

    Li G M, Hu Z H 2016 Acta Phys. Sin. 65 230501Google Scholar

    [22]

    Zhu J J, Li X L 2017 Healthcare. Technol. Lett. 4 134Google Scholar

    [23]

    唐炬, 高丽, 彭莉, 周倩 2007 高电压技术 12 66Google Scholar

    Tang J, Gao L, Peng L, Zhou Q 2007 High Voltage Eng. 12 66Google Scholar

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2018-11-23
  • 修回日期:  2019-01-13
  • 上网日期:  2019-04-01
  • 刊出日期:  2019-04-20

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