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提出并设计了一套新型的大气水汽和气溶胶探测用紫外域拉曼激光雷达系统, 以二向色镜和超窄带滤光片构成高效率拉曼光谱分光系统, 实现激光雷达大气回波信号中米-瑞利散射信号、 氮气和水汽的振动拉曼散射信号的精细分离和高效率提取. 利用美国标准大气的分子散射模型和实测的大气米散射信号模型, 对分光系统的米-瑞利散射信号的抑制率、大气水汽测量的信噪比和误差进行数值仿真设计. 搭建实验系统对西安地区夜间的大气水汽进行实验观测, 并利用有云天气下实测的激光雷达回波信号, 反演获得大气后向散射比和水汽混合比的相关特性, 验证了该拉曼光谱分光系统对米-瑞利信号的抑制率达到10-7以上量级. 理论和实验结果表明, 设计的新型拉曼光谱分光系统可以在大气后向散射比为17时, 实现水汽探测误差小于15%, 满足拉曼激光雷达系统对大气水汽的高效率探测.A new ultraviolet Raman lidar system is proposed and developed for detecting atmospheric water vapor and aerosol study. The combination of dichroic mirrors and narrow-band interference filters is used as high-performance spectroscopic system to obtain the fine-separation and high-efficiency extraction of Mie-Rayleigh scattering signals, the vibrational Raman scattering signal of H2O and N2. By the American standard model and a set of atmospheric scattering signal model, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the water vapor measurement error are simulated and analyzed. The preliminary experiments are carried out at nighttime in Xi'an area for detecting the atmospheric water vapor and aerosols. Taking a set of the atmospheric returned signals measured under cloudy weather for example, the profiles of atmospheric backscatter ratio and water vapor mixing ratio are retrieved, and the SNR profiles of the three channels are discussed and verify that this configuration can achieve a high rejection rate (10-7) to Mie-Rayleigh scattering. The theoretical and experimental results show that water vapor detection error of less than 15% can be obtained under a backscatter ratio of 17, which demonstrates the feasibility of the system for the atmospheric aerosol and water vapor measurements.
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Keywords:
- Raman lidar /
- water vapor mixing ratio /
- atmospheric backscatter ratio
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[17] Wang S L, Su J, Zhao P T, Cao K F, Hu S X, Wei H L, Tan K, Hu H L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3941 (in Chinese) [汪少林, 苏嘉, 赵培涛, 曹开法, 胡顺星, 魏合理, 谭 锟, 胡欢陵 2008 物理学报 57 3941]
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[19] Hua D X, Uchida M, Kobayashi T 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 1315
[20] Russo F, Whiteman D N, Demoz B, Hoff R M 2006 Appl. Opt. 45 7073
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[1] Pruppacher H R, Klett J D 1997 Microphysics of Clouds and Precipitation-Second Revised and Enlarged Edition with an Introduction to Cloud Chemistry and Cloud Electricity (1st Ed.) (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers) p497
[2] Harries J E 1997 Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. 123 2173
[3] Shine K P, Sinha A 1991 Nature 354 382
[4] Ansmann A, Riebesell M, Weitkamp C 1990 Opt. Lett. 15 746
[5] Kim D, Cha H 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 1728
[6] Wu D C, Liu B, Qi F D, Fan A Y, Wang B X, Zhong Z Q, Bo G Y, Liu D, Zhou J, Wang Y J 2011 J. Atmos. Environ. Opt. 6 18 (in Chinese) [吴德成, 刘博, 戚福弟, 范爱媛, 王邦新, 钟志庆, 伯广宇, 刘东, 周军, 王英俭 2011 大气与环境光学学报 6 18]
[7] Whiteman D N, Melfi S H, Ferrare R A 1992 Appl. Opt. 31 3068
[8] Whiteman D N 2003 Appl. Opt. 42 2571
[9] Lazzarotto B, Frioud M, Gilles L Q, Mitev V, Quaglia P, Simeonov V, Thompson A, Bergh H V D, Calpini B 2001 Appl. Opt. 40 2985
[10] Mattis I, Ansmann A, Dietrich A, Jaenisch V, Wandinger U, Mller D, Arshinov Y F, Bobrovnikov S M, Serikov I B 2002 Appl. Opt. 41 6451
[11] Goldsmith J E M, Blair F H, Bisson S E, Turner D D 1998 Appl. Opt. 37 4979
[12] Hong G L, Zhang Y C, Zhao Y F, Shao S S, Tan K, Hu H L 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 983 (in Chinese) [洪光烈, 张寅超, 赵曰峰, 邵石生, 谭 锟, 胡欢陵 2006 物理学报 55 983]
[13] Nott G J, Duck T J, Doyle J G, Coffin M E W, Perro C, Thackray C P, Drummond J R, Fogal P F, McCullough E, Sica R J 2012 J. Atmos. Ocean Tech. 29 221
[14] Wang Y F, Hua D X, Mao J D, Wang L, Xue Y K 2011 J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radia. Trans. 112 214
[15] Wang S L, Cao K F, Tao Z M , Hu S X, Wei H L, Hu H L, Wang Y J 2010 J. Opt. Laser 21 1171 (in Chinese) [汪少林, 曹开法, 陶宗明, 胡顺星, 魏合理, 胡欢陵, 王英俭 2010 光电子 · 激光 21 1171]
[16] Wang Y F, Hua D X, Wang H W, Di H G 2013 Chin. J. Quantum Electron. 30 103 (in Chinese) [王玉峰, 华灯鑫, 王红伟, 狄慧鸽 2013 量子电子学报 30 103]
[17] Wang S L, Su J, Zhao P T, Cao K F, Hu S X, Wei H L, Tan K, Hu H L 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 3941 (in Chinese) [汪少林, 苏嘉, 赵培涛, 曹开法, 胡顺星, 魏合理, 谭 锟, 胡欢陵 2008 物理学报 57 3941]
[18] Shen F H, Shu Z F, Sun D S, Wang Z C, Xue X H, Chen T D, Dou X K 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060704 (in Chinese) [沈法华, 舒志峰, 孙东松, 王忠纯, 薛向辉, 陈廷娣, 窦贤康 2011 物理学报 60 060704]
[19] Hua D X, Uchida M, Kobayashi T 2005 Appl. Opt. 44 1315
[20] Russo F, Whiteman D N, Demoz B, Hoff R M 2006 Appl. Opt. 45 7073
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