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基于栅控脉冲发射X射线源与单光子探测技术的X射线通信已经实现了实验室语音通信验证, 并对通信系统的误码率性能进行了分析, 为探索未来X射线深空应用打下了坚实的基础. 针对目前X射线通信面临的信号发散角大、通信距离短、难以实现工程化应用的情况, 迫切需要 对X射线通信天线系统进行深入研究. 为了提高信号增益、增大X射线通信的距离, 提出了多层嵌套式X射线聚焦光学作为X射线通信的 收发天线, 理论分析了X射线聚焦光学用于X射线通信收发天线的可行性, 分析了X射线聚焦光学的理论基础与结构设计, 对发射天线发散角、接收天线有效面积与焦斑尺寸、信号增益等性能做了探讨. 结果表明: 在信号发射端, 天线的发散角为3 mrad左右, 发射增益23 dB; 在信号接收端, 接收天线的有效面积5700 mm2@1.5 keV, 焦斑直径为4.5 mm, 接收增益为25 dB, 通信系统总的增益可达48 dB.X-ray communication, which was first introduced by Keith Gendreau in 2007, is potential to compete with conventional communication methods, such as microware and laser communication, against space surroundings. Researchers have spent much time and effort on the mission making the initial idea into reality in recent years. Eventually, the X-ray communication demonstration system based on the grid-controlled X-ray source and single-photon detection technique can deliver both audio and video information in a 6-meter vacuum tunnel, and the bit-error-rate performance of the communication system is analyzed. But it is difficult to implement applications in industries. The point is to find a way to reduce the signal divergence geometrical attenuation and increase the distance of the communication which can be regarded as an important foundation of future deep-space X-ray communication applications. Therefore, it is urgent to study the X-ray communication system. By using a nested X-ray focusing optics as transmitting and receiving antennas of the communication system, the signal gain and the distance of X-ray communication can be greatly improved. Specifically, the nested X-ray focusing optics is similar to the Wolter type I telescope, which is widely used in the field of X-ray astronomy. The difference between them is that the Wolter type I optics is originally proposed based on a paraboloid mirror and a hyperboloid mirror, but X-ray focusing optics, the simplified Wolter type I optics, provides a single reflection by a conical approximation mirror, and it is more suitable for X-ray communication. In this paper, aiming at the future demand of X-ray communication, the optimization and analysis of the nested X-ray focusing optics are carried out, and the recurrence relations between the layers of mirrors are derived. Reasonable initial structural parameters and structure of the optics are designed. In addition, the theoretical effective collection area is calculated. Feasibility of using the X-ray focusing optics as transmitting and receiving antennas is analyzed, and the theory and structural design of the X-ray focusing optical are discussed. Signal divergence of transmitting antenna, effective area of receiving antenna, the focal spot size, and the signal gain properties are preliminary studied. The results show that the signal divergence is about 3 mrad, and the transmit gain is 23 dB; the effective area of receiving antenna is 5700 mm2 at 1.5 keV. Moreover, the focal spot diameter and the receive gain are 4.5 mm and 25 dB, respectively, and the total gain of this communication system can reach up to 48 dB.
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Keywords:
- X-ray communication /
- X-ray focusing optics /
- communication antenna /
- signal gain
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[2] Next-Generation Communications, Keith Gendreau https://gsfctechnology.gsfc.nasa.gov/TechSheets/XRAY_Goddard_Final. pdf [2015-10-13]
[3] Zhao B S, Wu C X, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A 2013 Acta Photon. Sin. 42 801 (in Chinese) [赵宝升, 吴川行, 盛立志, 刘永安 2013 光子学报 42 801]
[4] Deng N Q, Zhao B S, Sheng L Z, Yan Q R, Yang H, Liu D 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 060705 (in Chinese) [邓宁勤, 赵宝升, 盛立志, 鄢秋荣, 杨灏, 刘舵 2013 物理学报 62 060705]
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[6] Li Y D, Lin X Y, He J L, Guo F, Sun T X, Liu P 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 044103
[7] Ke X Z, Xi X L 2004 The Introduction of Wireless Laser Communication (Beijing: Beijing University of Posts And Telecommunicaitons Press) (in Chinese) [柯熙政, 席晓莉 2004 无线激光通信概论 (北京: 北京邮电大学出版社)]
[8] Wolter H 1952 Annalen der Physik 445 115
[9] Zhang W W 2009 Proc. SPIE 7437 74370N
[10] Balsamo E, Gendreau K, Arzoumanian Z, Okajima T, et al. 2013 Proc. SPIE 8861 88611M
[11] Sun K X, Yi R Q, Yang G H, Jiang S E, Cui Y L, Liu S Y, Ding Y K 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1099 (in Chinese) [孙可煦, 易荣清, 杨国洪, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 刘慎业, 丁永坤 2004 物理学报 53 1099]
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[1] Bass M 2010 Handbook of Optics (3rd Ed.) (Columbus: The McGraw-Hill Companies) p791
[2] Next-Generation Communications, Keith Gendreau https://gsfctechnology.gsfc.nasa.gov/TechSheets/XRAY_Goddard_Final. pdf [2015-10-13]
[3] Zhao B S, Wu C X, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A 2013 Acta Photon. Sin. 42 801 (in Chinese) [赵宝升, 吴川行, 盛立志, 刘永安 2013 光子学报 42 801]
[4] Deng N Q, Zhao B S, Sheng L Z, Yan Q R, Yang H, Liu D 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 060705 (in Chinese) [邓宁勤, 赵宝升, 盛立志, 鄢秋荣, 杨灏, 刘舵 2013 物理学报 62 060705]
[5] Wang L Q, Su T, Zhao B S, Sheng L Z, Liu Y A, Liu D 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 120701 (in Chinese) [王律强, 苏桐, 赵宝升, 盛立志, 刘永安, 刘舵 2015 物理学报 64 120701]
[6] Li Y D, Lin X Y, He J L, Guo F, Sun T X, Liu P 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 044103
[7] Ke X Z, Xi X L 2004 The Introduction of Wireless Laser Communication (Beijing: Beijing University of Posts And Telecommunicaitons Press) (in Chinese) [柯熙政, 席晓莉 2004 无线激光通信概论 (北京: 北京邮电大学出版社)]
[8] Wolter H 1952 Annalen der Physik 445 115
[9] Zhang W W 2009 Proc. SPIE 7437 74370N
[10] Balsamo E, Gendreau K, Arzoumanian Z, Okajima T, et al. 2013 Proc. SPIE 8861 88611M
[11] Sun K X, Yi R Q, Yang G H, Jiang S E, Cui Y L, Liu S Y, Ding Y K 2004 Acta Phys. Sin. 53 1099 (in Chinese) [孙可煦, 易荣清, 杨国洪, 江少恩, 崔延莉, 刘慎业, 丁永坤 2004 物理学报 53 1099]
[12] Hu J S, Zhao L L, Li X 2005 J. Optoelectron. Laser 16 534 (in Chinese) [胡家升, 赵玲玲, 李祥 2005 光电子$激光 16 534]
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