冷等离子体强化制备金属催化剂研究进展

李壮; 底兰波; 于锋; 张秀玲

doi:10.7498/aps.67.20181451

摘要

冷等离子体属于非热平衡等离子体，具有较高的电子能量和较低的气体温度，是一种制备金属催化剂的绿色新方法.等离子体强化制备金属催化剂包含复杂的物理和化学多相反应.一方面，等离子体提供的高活性环境不但可以加速化学反应，使反应时间从数小时缩短至数分钟，还可以使热力学或者动力学上不可行的反应发生，实现非常规制备；另一方面，等离子体强化制备过程中，在介观尺度上等离子体对相接触行为的影响，可使获得的金属催化剂结构区别于传统方法制备的催化剂.本综述总结了冷等离子体制备金属催化剂的反应器结构、物理化学机理、获得金属催化剂的结构特性、制备面临的挑战，并对未来发展进行了展望.重点阐述了冷等离子体反应器、制备机制及其对金属催化剂结构和性能的影响.

关键词:

Abstract

Cold plasma is a kind of non-thermal plasma, and characterized by high electron temperature (1-10 eV) and low gas temperature, which can be close to room temperature. It has been proved to be a fast, facile and environmentally friendly new method for synthesizing supported metal catalysts. Enhanced synthesis of metal catalysts by cold plasma consists of complex physical and chemical reactions. On the one hand, the active environment provided by cold plasma, can not only speed up the chemical reactions, shorten the reaction time from a few hours to several minutes, but also realize the kinetically or thermodynamically infeasible chemical reactions to achieve unconventional preparation. On the other hand, the phase contact behavior on a mesoscopic scale is influenced during cold plasma enhanced preparation, thereby the metal catalysts with structure different from that synthesized by traditional method. This review summarizes the reactor structure, physical and chemical mechanism for synthesizing metal catalysts by cold plasma, as well as the structure characteristics of the obtained metal catalysts. According to the working pressure, cold plasma can be categorized into low-pressure (LP) cold plasma and atmospheric-pressure (AP) cold plasma. The LP cold plasma is often generated by radio frequency glow discharge or direct current glow discharge, while the AP cold plasma is generally generated by dielectric barrier discharge and AP cold plasma jet. Energetic electrons are deemed to be the reducing agents for LP cold plasma. However, due to the frequent collisions among the electrons and gas molecules at atmospheric pressure, the electron energy in AP cold plasma is not high enough to reduce the metal ions directly. Therefore, hydrogen-containing gases are often adopted to generate active hydrogen species to reduce the metal ions. The process of synthesizing the metal catalysts by using the cold plasma is a fast, low-temperature process, and in the preparation process there exists a strong Coulomb repulsion. Therefore, metal catalysts with small size and high dispersion of metal nanoparticles, strong metal-support interaction, as well as specific metal structures (alloying degree and crystallinity) and modified supports can be obtained. Correspondingly, metal catalysts with high catalytic activity and stability can be synthesized. In addition, the challenges of preparing the cold plasma are discussed, and the future development is also prospected.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1.
大连大学物理科学与技术学院, 大连 116622;

2.
石河子大学化学化工学院, 石河子 832003

通信作者: 底兰波, dilanbo@163.com;xiulz@sina.com ; 张秀玲, dilanbo@163.com;xiulz@sina.com

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金（批准号：21773020，21673026）、国家自然科学基金青年科学基金（批准号：11505019）、辽宁省高等学校创新人才支持计划（批准号：LR2017025）和辽宁省自然科学基金（批准号：20180550085）资助的课题.

Authors and contacts

1.
College of Physical Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China;

2.
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China

Corresponding author: Di Lan-Bo, dilanbo@163.com;xiulz@sina.com ; Zhang Xiu-Ling, dilanbo@163.com;xiulz@sina.com

Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 21773020, 21673026), the Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11505019), the Liaoning Innovative Talents in University, China (Grant No. LR2017025), and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province, China (Grant No. 20180550085).

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施引文献

[1]	Wang L, Yi Y, Wu C, Guo H, Tu X 2017 Angew. Chem. 129 13867
[2]	Sun Q D, Yu B, Liu C J 2012 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 32 201
[3]	Liu C J, Zhao Y, Li Y, Zhang D S, Chang Z, Bu X H 2014 ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. 2 3
[4]	Wang Q, Song M, Chen C, Wei Y, Zuo X, Wang X 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 101 033103
[5]	Zhou T, Jang K, Jang B W L 2013 Catal. Today 211 147
[6]	Zhu B, Li X S, Liu J L, Liu J B, Zhu X, Zhu A M 2015 Appl. Catal. B 179 69
[7]	Wang N, Shen K, Yu X, Qian W, Chu W 2013 Catal. Sci. Technol. 3 2278
[8]	Guo F, Xu J Q, Chu W 2015 Catal. Today 256 124
[9]	Zhang C, Zhou Y, Shao T, Xie Q, Xu J, Yang W 2014 Appl. Surf. Sci. 311 468
[10]	Shao T, Zhang C, Long K, Zhang D, Wang J, Yan P, Zhou Y 2010 Appl. Surf. Sci. 256 3888
[11]	Pakhare D, Spivey J 2014 Chem. Soc. Rev. 43 7813
[12]	Liu C, Ye J, Jiang J, Pan Y 2011 ChemCatChem 3 529
[13]	Zheng Y, Jiao Y, Jaroniec M, Qiao S Z 2015 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54 52
[14]	Cheng N, Stambula S, Wang D, Banis M, Liu J, Riese A, Xiao B, Li R, Sham T K, Liu L M, Botton G A, Sun X 2016 Nat. Commun. 7 13638
[15]	Qiao B, Liu J, Wang Y G, Lin Q, Liu X, Wang A, Li J, Zhuang T, Liu J 2015 ACS Catal. 5 6249
[16]	Saavedra J, Whittaker T, Chen Z, Pursell C J, Rioux R M, Chandler B D 2016 Nat. Chem. 8 584
[17]	Huang H, Xu Y, Feng Q, Leung D Y C 2015 Catal. Sci. Technol. 5 2649
[18]	Witvrouwen T, Paulussen S, Sels B 2012 Plasma Processes Polym. 9 750
[19]	Liu C, Li M, Wang J, Zhou X, Guo Q, Yan J, Li Y 2016 Chin. J. Catal. 37 340
[20]	Taghvaei H, Heravi M, Rahimpour M R 2017 Plasma Processes Polym. 14 1600204
[21]	Brault P 2016 Plasma Processes Polym. 13 10
[22]	Di L, Zhang J, Zhang X 2018 Plasma Processes Polym. 15 1700234
[23]	Wang Z, Zhang Y, Neyts E C, Cao X, Zhang X, Jang B W L, Liu C J 2018 ACS Catal. 8 2093
[24]	Yang W, Yu Y, Wang L, Yang C, Li H 2015 Nanoscale 7 2877
[25]	Yu Y, Yang W, Sun X, Zhu W, Li X Z, Sellmyer D J, Sun S 2014 Nano Lett. 14 2778
[26]	Yang W, Lei W, Yu Y, Zhu W, George T A, Li X Z, Sellmyer D J, Sun S 2015 J. Mater. Chem. C 3 7075
[27]	Yu Y, Sun K, Tian Y, Li X Z, Kramer M J, Sellmyer D J, Shield J E, Sun S 2013 Nano Lett. 13 4975
[28]	Yu Y, Mukherjee P, Tian Y, Li X Z, Shield J E, Sellmyer D J 2014 Nanoscale 6 12050
[29]	Qiao B, Wang A, Yang X, Allard L F, Jiang Z, Cui Y, Liu J, Li J, Zhang T 2011 Nat. Chem. 3 634
[30]	Abbet S, Sanchez A, Heiz U, Schneider W D, Ferrari A M, Pacchioni G, Rösch N 2000 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122 3453
[31]	Moses-DeBusk M, Yoon M, Allard L F, Mullins D R, Wu Z, Yang X, Veith G, Stocks G M, Narula C K 2013 J. Am. Chem. Soc. 135 12634
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[33]	Kistler J D, Chotigkrai N, Xu P, Enderle B, Praserthdam P, Chen C Y, Browning N D, Gates B C 2014 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 53 8904
[34]	Sun S, Zhang G, Gauquelin N, Chen N, Zhou J, Yang S, Chen W, Meng X, Geng D, Banis M N, Li R, Ye S, Knights S, Botton G A, Sham T K, Sun X 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1775
[35]	Hu P, Huang Z, Amghouz Z, Makkee M, Xu F, Kapteijn F, Dikhtiarenko A, Chen Y, Gu X, Tang X 2014 Angew. Chem. 126 3486
[36]	Huang Z, Gu X, Cao Q, Hu P, Hao J, Li J, Tang X 2012 Angew. Chem. 124 4274
[37]	Zhang H, Kawashima K, Okumura M, Toshima N 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 13498
[38]	Guo X, Fang G, Li G, Ma H, Fan H, Yu L, Ma C, Wu X, Deng D, Wei M, Tan D, Si R, Zhang S, Li S, Sun L, Tang Z, Pan X, Bao X 2014 Science 344 616
[39]	Liu P, Zhao Y, Qin R, Mo S, Chen G, Gu L, Chevrier D M, Zhang P, Guo Q, Zang D, Wu B, Fu G, Zheng N 2016 Science 352 797
[40]	Zhou Y, Xiang Z, Cao D, Liu C J 2014 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 53 1359
[41]	Wang W, Wang Z, Yang M, Zhong C J, Liu C J 2016 Nano Energy 25 26
[42]	Buitrago-Sierra R, García-Fernández M J, Pastor-Blas M M, Sepúlveda-Escribano A 2013 Green Chem. 15 1981
[43]	Wang W, Wang Z, Wang J, Zhong C J, Liu C J 2017 Adv. Sci. 4 1600486
[44]	Zhou Y 2014 Ph. D. Dissertation (Tianjin: Tianjin University) (in Chinese)[周游 2014 博士学位论文 (天津: 天津大学)]
[45]	Hong J, Chu W, Chernavskii P A, Khodakov A Y 2010 J. Catal. 273 9
[46]	Ratanatawanate C, Macias M, Jang B W L 2005 Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 44 9868
[47]	Li Y, Jang B W L 2011 Appl. Catal. A 392 173
[48]	Wu Y W, Chung W C, Chang M B 2015 Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 40 8071
[49]	Hua W, Jin L, He X, Liu J, Hu H 2010 Catal. Commun. 11 968
[50]	Di L, Li Z, Lee B, Park D W 2017 Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 42 11372
[51]	Zhang S, Li X S, Zhu B, Liu J L, Zhu X, Zhu A M, Jang B W L 2015 Catal. Today 256 142
[52]	Di L, Xu Z, Wang K, Zhang X 2013 Catal. Today 211 109
[53]	Qi B, Di L, Xu W, Zhang X 2014 J. Mater. Chem. A 2 11885
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[55]	Xu Y, Chen Y, Li J, Zhou J, Song M, Zhang X, Yin Y 2017 Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 42 13085
[56]	Dao V D, Choi Y, Yong K, Larina L L, Shevaleevskiy O, Choi H S 2015 J. Power Sources 274 831
[57]	Dao V D, Tran C Q, Ko S H, Choi H S 2013 J. Mater. Chem. A 1 4436
[58]	Wang J, Kattel S, Wang Z, Chen J G, Liu C J 2018 ACS Appl. Mater. Inter. 10 21321
[59]	Wang W, Anderson C F, Wang Z, Wu W, Cui H, Liu C J 2017 Chem. Sci. 8 3310
[60]	Li Z, Meng J, Wang W, Wang Z, Li M, Chen T, Liu C J 2017 Carbohydr. Polym. 161 270
[61]	Li Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Duan D, Di L 2018 Plasma Sci. Technol. 20 014016
[62]	Di L, Zhang X, Lee B, Lu P, Ahn W S, Park D W 2017 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 37 1535
[63]	Zou J J, Zhang Y P, Liu C J 2006 Langmuir 22 11388
[64]	Hu S J, Long H L, Xu Y, Shang S Y, Yin Y X 2011 Chin. J. Catal. 32 340 (in Chinese)[胡诗婧, 龙华丽, 徐艳, 尚书勇, 印永祥 2011 催化学报 32 340]
[65]	Sawada Y, Tamaru H, Kogoma M, Kawase M, Hashimoto K 1996 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 29 2539
[66]	Sawada Y, Taguchi N, Tachibana K 1999 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38 6506
[67]	Di L, Zhang X, Xu Z, Wang K 2014 Plasma Chem. Plasma Process. 34 301
[68]	Kim T, Lee D H, Jo S, Pyun S H, Kim K T, Song Y H 2016 ChemCatChem 8 685
[69]	Di L, Zhang X, Xu Z 2014 Plasma Sci. Technol. 16 41
[70]	Dao V D, Jin I K, Choi H S 2016 Electrochim. Acta 201 1
[71]	Oh H J, Dao V D, Choi H S 2017 J. Alloy. Compd. 705 610
[72]	Peng H, Ma Y, Liu W, Xu X, Fang X, Lian J, Wang X, Li C, Zhou W, Yuan P 2015 J. Energy Chem. 24 416
[73]	Wang X, Xu W, Liu N, Yu Z, Li Y, Qiu J 2015 Catal. Today 256 203
[74]	Di L, Zhan Z, Zhang X, Qi B, Xu W 2016 Plasma Sci. Technol. 18 544
[75]	Di L, Duan D, Zhang X, Qi B, Zhan Z 2016 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 44 2692
[76]	Zhang X, Xu W, Duan D, Park D W, Di L 2018 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 46 2776
[77]	Zhou C, Chen H, Yan Y, Jia X, Liu C J, Yang Y 2013 Catal. Today 211 104
[78]	Xu Z, Qi B, Di L, Zhang X 2014 J. Energy Chem. 23 679
[79]	Di L B, Duan D Z, Park D W, Ahn W S, Lee B J, Zhang X L 2017 Top. Catal. 60 925
[80]	Fang M, Wang Z Y, Liu C J 2017 Acta Phys. Chim. Sin. 33 435
[81]	Xu W, Zhan Z, Di L, Zhang X 2015 Catal. Today 256 148
[82]	Deng X Q, Zhu B, Li X S, Liu J L, Zhu X, Zhu A M 2016 Appl. Catal. B 188 48
[83]	Hu S, Li F, Fan Z, Gui J 2014 J. Power Sources 250 30
[84]	Fu Y, Luo H, Zou X, Wang X 2014 Plasma Sources Sci. Technol. 23 065035
[85]	Fu Y, Yang S, Zou X, Luo H, Wang X 2016 Phys. Plasmas 23 093509
[86]	Fu Y, Zhang P, Verboncoeur J P 2018 Appl. Phys. Lett. 113 054102
[87]	Cole J, Zhang Y, Liu T, Liu C J, Sankaran R M 2017 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 50 304001
[88]	Wang Y, Yu F, Zhu M, Ma C, Zhao D, Wang C, Zhou A, Dai B, Ji J, Guo X 2018 J. Mater. Chem. A 6 2011
[89]	Wang L, Dou S, Xu J, Liu H K, Wang S, Ma J M, Dou S X 2015 Chem. Commun. 51 11791

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