基于加气水滴灌的土壤环境调节机理研究

杨海军; 仵峰; 方海平; 胡钧; 侯铮迟

doi:10.7498/aps.68.20181357

摘要

土壤是粮食安全、水安全和更广泛的生态系统安全的基础.我国水资源贫乏，且分布不均.传统农业采用的大水漫灌方式用水量大，还会破坏土壤团粒结构，造成土壤板结、土地盐碱化等土壤退化现象.地下滴灌技术节水效果明显，水的有效利用率超过95%；但也会在一定程度上破坏土壤结构.研究表明，使用加气水滴灌不但能增加作物产量，还能提高作物品质.本文综述了滴头埋深、加气滴灌频率、灌水量、植物生育期、加气方式与设备等几个因素对加气水滴灌效果的影响，总结了加气水滴灌对土壤水环境、气环境、微生物环境、营养环境和矿物环境的影响规律，并提出加气水滴灌对土壤环境的调节机理.加气水滴灌会改变土壤结构，其水、气、微生物、营养和矿物质等土壤环境的变化一方面是土壤结构变化的结果，另一方面又会促进土壤结构的变化.同步辐射X射线计算机断层扫描的原位实验结果也证实了加气水滴灌能改变土壤的结构.

关键词:

加气水 /
滴灌 /
土壤环境 /
调节

Abstract

Soil is the foundation of food security, water safety and wider ecosystem security. China's water resources is featured by its poverty and uneven distribution. Flood irrigation in traditional agriculture not only uses large amount of water, but also destroys soil aggregate structure, resulting in soil degradation, such as soil compaction and soil salinization. Underground drip irrigation have obvious water saving efficiency with the effective utilization rate of water larger than 95%, but it will also destroy the soil structure to a certain extent. It has been reported in many researches that using aerated water drip irrigation can not only increase crop yields, but also improve crop quality. The influence of several factors such as the burial depth of drop head, the frequency of dripping, the amount of irrigation, the growth period of plant, the mode of aerating and the equipment and so on, and the effects of the aerated drip irrigation on the water environment, the air environment, the microbial environment, the nutrient environment and the mineral environment of soil are summarized. And the regulation mechanism of soil environment by the aerated drip irrigation is put forward. The changes in water, gas, microorganism, nutrition and minerals are the result of the change of soil structure. The experimental results of in situ synchrotron radiation X-ray computed tomography confirmed that aerated drip irrigation can change the structure of soil.

Keywords:

作者及机构信息

1. 中国科学院上海应用物理研究所, 水科学与技术研究室, 中国科学院微观界面物理与探测重点实验室, 上海 201800;

2. 华北水利水电大学水利学院, 郑州 450046

Authors and contacts

1. Division of Interfacial Water & CAS Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China;

2. School of water conservancy, North China University of Water Resource and Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China

参考文献

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[41]	Wang Y, Li C H, Hu Y Z 2018 Arab J Geosci 11199
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[44]	Yu X, Fu Y, Lu S 2017 Eur J Soil Sci 68 66
[45]	Yao X L, Fang L L, Qi J L, Yu F 2017 J Offshore Mech Arct 139021501
[46]	Wang J M, Guo L L, Bai Z K 2017 Arch Agron Soil Sci 63 1685
[47]	Rabot E, Wiesmeierc M, Schluter S, Vogel H J 2018 Geoderma 314 122

施引文献

[1]	Zhang J 2015 World Journal of Forestry 4 13
[2]	Sinobas L R, Rodríguez M G 2012 A Review of Subsurface Drip Irrigation and Its Management (InTech) p177 https://www.intechopen.com/books/water-quality-soil-and-managing-irrigation-of-crops/a-review-of-subsurface-drip-irrigation-and-its-management
[3]	Currie D R 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (Adlaide: The University of Adelaide)
[4]	Niu W, Guo Q, Zhou X, Helmers M J 2011 Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 76 815
[5]	Bhattarai S P, Pendergast L, Midmore D J 2006 Sci. Hortic-Amsterdam 108 278
[6]	Bagatur T 2014 Arab J. Sci. Eng. 39 2525
[7]	Niu W Q, Guo C, Shao H B, Wu P T 2011 Afr. J. Biotechnol. 10 949
[8]	Wang F X, Kang Y H, Liu S P 2006 Agr Water Manage 79 248
[9]	Kang Y H, Liu S H, Wan S Q, Wang R S 2013 Paddy Water Environ 11 87
[10]	Liu S H, Kang Y H, Wan S Q, Wang Z C, Liang Z W, Jiang S F, Wang R S 2012 Agr Water Manage 109 127
[11]	Hassanli A M, Javan M, Saadat Y 2008 Environ Monit Assess 144 151
[12]	Tan J L, Kang Y H 2009 Agr Sci China 8 1228
[13]	Niu W Q, Guo Q, Zhou X B, Helmers M J 2012 Soil Sci Soc Am J 76 815
[14]	Phogat V K, Aylmore L A G 1989 Aust J Soil Res 27 313
[15]	Grevers M C J, Dejong E 1994 Sssa Spec Publ 73
[16]	Hu Y B, Feng J, Yang T, Wang C 2014 Hydrol Process 28 3419
[17]	Zhang J M, Xu Z M, Li F, Hou R J, Ren Z 2017 J Mt Sci-Engl 14 474
[18]	Heijs A W J, Delange J, Schoute J F T, Bouma J 1995 Geoderma 64 183
[19]	Finizola A, Aubert M, Revil A, Schutze C, Sortino F 2009 J Volcanol Geoth Res 183 213
[20]	Hainsworth J M, Aylmore L A G 1983 Aust J Soil Res 21 435
[21]	Anderson S H, Gantzer C J, Boone J M, Tully R J 1988 Soil Sci Soc Am J 52 35
[22]	Hopmans J W, Vogel T, Koblik P D 1992 Soil Sci Soc Am J 56 355
[23]	Beraldo J M G, Scannavino F D A, Cruvinel P E 2014 Eng Agr-Jaboticabal 34 1162
[24]	Katuwal S, Arthur E, Tuller M, Moldrup P, de Jonge L W 2015 Soil Sci Soc Am J 79 1577
[25]	Katuwal S, Norgaard T, Moldrup P, Lamande M, Wildenschild D, de Jonge L W 2015 Geoderma 237 9
[26]	Peyton R L, Anderson S H, Gantzer C J, Wigger J W, Heinze D J, Wang H 1994 Sssa Spec Publ 59
[27]	Shi B, Murakami Y, Wu Z, Chen J, Inyang H 1999 Eng Geol 54 321
[28]	Hanson J E, Binning L K, Drieslein R A, Stoltenberg D E, Gehring M A, Bonanno A M 1991 Preferential Flow 129
[29]	Comina C, Cosentini R M, Della Vecchia G, Foti S, Musso G 2011 Acta Geotech 6 195
[30]	Marchuk A, Rengasamy P, McNeill A, Kumar A 2012 Soil Res 50 638
[31]	Tollner E W, Verma B P, Cheshire J M 1987 T Asae 30 1605
[32]	Tollner E W 1991 Agr Ecosyst Environ 34 251
[33]	Thieme J, Schneider G, Knochel C 2003 Micron 34 339
[34]	Fischer D, Pagenkemper S, Nellesen J, Peth S, Horn R, Schloter M 2013 J Microbiol Meth 93 121
[35]	Rabot E, Lacoste M, Henault C, Cousin I 2015 Vadose Zone J 14
[36]	Baveye P, Rogasik H, Wendroth O, Onasch I, Crawford J W 2002 Meas Sci Technol 13 775
[37]	Sleutel S, Cnudde V, Masschaele B, Vlassenbroek J, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, Jacobs P, De Neve S 2008 Comput Geosci 34 931
[38]	Taina I A, Heck R J, Elliot T R 2008 Can J Soil Sci 88 1
[39]	Zhou H, Peng X, Peth S, Xiao T Q 2012 Soil Till Res 124 17
[40]	Zhao D, Xu M X, Liu G B, Yao X, Tuo D F, Zhang R R, Xiao T Q, Peng G Y 2017 Soil Till Res 165 239
[41]	Wang Y, Li C H, Hu Y Z 2018 Arab J Geosci 11199
[42]	Yang Y H, Wu J C, Zhao S W, Han Q Y, Pan X Y, He F, Chen C 2018 Sci Rep 8695
[43]	Zhou H, Mooney S J, Peng X H 2017 Soil Sci Soc Am J 81 1270
[44]	Yu X, Fu Y, Lu S 2017 Eur J Soil Sci 68 66
[45]	Yao X L, Fang L L, Qi J L, Yu F 2017 J Offshore Mech Arct 139021501
[46]	Wang J M, Guo L L, Bai Z K 2017 Arch Agron Soil Sci 63 1685
[47]	Rabot E, Wiesmeierc M, Schluter S, Vogel H J 2018 Geoderma 314 122

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