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基于Voronoi几何分形法, 分析了理想二十面体团簇和ZrCu二元金属玻璃中各种团簇的结构特点, 提出了一种判定金属玻璃原子结构中二十面体类团簇的方法. 并选取三个ZrCu 非晶成分作为研究对象, 基于Voronoi团簇, 利用该方法提取了各种构型团簇, 证实其中四种构型团簇的基本几何结构与理想二十面体相似, 并具有同样近似于理想二十面体的高致密度、高规则度和高五次对称性, 因此可称之为二十面体类团簇. 此类二十面体类团簇可作为金属玻璃的主要结构单元, 普遍存在于非晶结构中; 二十面体类团簇及其连接能包含几乎所有的原子, 从而形成非晶结构. 研究结果提供了一种新的团簇判定方法, 有助于从微观结构层面分析合金中的非晶形成机理.Since the discovery of the first metallic glass (MG) with the composition of Au75Si25 in 1960, vast efforts have been devoted to understanding the mechanisms of glass formation in metals, because this class of glassy alloy usually possesses unique properties that may have the potential application as engineering material. As is well known, structure determines properties of material. Therefore, understanding the glass formation of MG from the structural perspective is helpful for guiding researchers in developing more MGs. So far, icosahedral clusters are regarded as the preferred clusters contributing to the formation of amorphous structure due to its five-fold symmetrical feature and high atomic packing. However, it has been found that an ideal icosahedron usually does not have a high concentration in many MG compositions. Thus, we wonder whether icosahedral clusters are popular in microstructures of amorphous alloys. In this work, a feasible scheme for identifying the icosahedron-like clusters in MGs is developed to address this issue. It is found that icosahedron-like clusters are popular structural units in amorphous structure indeed, contributing to the glass formation in alloy. A projection method of reflecting the styles of shell-atom connections in Voronoi-tessellation indexed clusters is developed in detail, so that all clusters can be further geometrically indexed as different projected types of polyhedra. It is revealed that there are three kinds of clusters (0, 2, 8, 1, 0, 2, 8, 2 I-type, and 0, 1, 10, 2) which have the most similar geometrical features to that of the so-called ideal icosahedron, 0, 0, 12, 0. Therefore, besides the ideal icosahedron, these three types of clusters can be regarded as the icosahedron-like clusters. The ideal icoshahedron (0, 0, 12, 0) has a coordination number (i.e., the number of shell atoms) of 12, while these three icosahedron-like clusters have coordination numbers ranging from 11 to 13, so that structural balance between the geometrical atomic stacking and the chemical interactions among various elements in MGs (especially multicomponent MGs) is more easy to achieve. Furthermore, structural models of three selected ZrCu compositions are studied, which are obtained by systematic experimental measurements combined with reverse Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that both the icosahedron-like cluster and the ideal icosahedron have the similar values of some structural parameters, in terms of high atomic packing efficiency, high cluster regularity, fruitful five-fold symmetrical feature, etc. In addition, it is revealed that these ideal icosahedra and icosahedron-like clusters can contain almost all the atoms in these structural models, enhancing the space filling efficiency. In conclusion, these identified icosahedron-like clusters should be the popular building blocks, contributing to the glass formation in alloy. This work provides an insight into the glass formation in alloy from the cluster-level structural angle and will shed light on developing more MGs.
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Keywords:
- metallic glass /
- amorphous structure /
- clusters
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[1] Inoue A 2000 Acta Mater. 48 279
[2] Wu Z W, Li M Z, Wang W H, Liu K X 2014 Nat. Commun. 6 6035
[3] Wu F F, Yu P, Bian X L, Tan J, Wang J G, Wang G 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 058101 (in Chinese) [吴飞飞, 余鹏, 卞西磊, 谭军, 王建国, 王刚 2014 物理学报 63 058101]
[4] Hu Y, Yan H H, Lin T, Li J F, Zhou Y H 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 087102 (in Chinese) [胡勇, 闫红红, 林涛, 李金富, 周尧和 2012 物理学报 61 087102]
[5] Yang L, Guo G Q, Chen L Y, Huang C L, Ge T, Chen D, Liaw P K, Saksl K, Ren Y, Zeng Q S, LaQua B, Chen F G, Jiang J Z 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 105502
[6] Miracle D B 2004 Nat. Mater. 3 697
[7] Sheng H W, Luo W K, Alamgir F M, Bai J M, Ma E 2006 Nature 439 419
[8] Liu X J, Xu Y, Hui X, Lu Z P, Li F, Chen G L, Lu J, Liu C T 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 075507
[9] Schenk T, Holland M D, Simonet V, Bellissent R, Herlach D M 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 155501
[10] Wakeda M, Shibutani Y 2010 Acta Mater. 58 3963
[11] Steinhardt P J, Nelson D R, Ronchetti M 1983 Phys. Rev. B 28 784
[12] Honeycutt J D, Andersen H C 1987 J. Phys. Chem. 91 4950
[13] Finney J L 1977 Nature 266 309
[14] Finney J L 1970 Proc. R. Soc. Ser. A 319 479
[15] Cheng Y Q, Ma E, Sheng H W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 245501
[16] Yang L, Guo G Q 2010 Chin. Phys. B 19 126101
[17] Li M Z, Wang C Z, Hao S G, Kramer M J, Ho K M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 184201
[18] Fujita T, Konno K, Zhang W, Kumar V, Matsuura M, Inoue A, Sakurai T, Chen M W 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 075502
[19] Wang S Y, Kramer M J, Xu M, Wu S, Hao S G, Sordelet D J, Ho K M, Wang C Z 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 144205
[20] Hao S G, Wang C Z, Kramer M J, Ho K M 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 107 053511
[21] Cheng Y Q, Ma E 2011 Prog. Mater. Sci. 56 379
[22] Soklaski R, Nussinov Z, Markow Z, Kelton K F, Yang L 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 184203
[23] Peng H L, Li M Z, Wang W H, Wang C Z, Ho K M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 021901
[24] Ding J, Cheng Y Q, Ma E 2014 Acta Mater. 69 343
[25] Ward L, Miracle D, Windl W, Senkov O N, Flores K 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 134205
[26] Yang L, Guo G Q, Chen L Y, Wei S H, Jiang J Z, Wang X D 2010 Scripta Mater. 63 879
[27] Guo G Q, Yang L, Zhang G Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 016103 (in Chinese) [郭古青, 杨亮, 张国庆 2011 物理学报 60 016103]
[28] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stereographic_projection# References [2015-10-19]
[29] Miracle D B 2006 Acta Mater. 54 4317
[30] Ma D, Stoica A D, Wang X L 2009 Nat. Mater. 8 30
[31] Yang L, Xia J H, Wang Q, Dong C, Chen, L Y, Ou X, Liu J F, Jiang J Z, Klementiev K, Saksl K, Franz H, Schneider J R, Gerward L 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 241913
[32] Xia J H, Qiang J B, Wang Y M, Wang Q, Dong C 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 1
[33] Xi X K, Li L L, Zhang B, Wang W H, Wu Y 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 99 095501
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