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The time-space metric is a fundamental concept of general relativity, and it is the logical foundation of cosmology and astrophysics. A time-related space scale factor is introduced into a 4-dimensional time-space interval model. The transformations among the flat metric, the Schwarzschild metric and the Robertson-Walker (R-W) metric are obtained in spherical coordinate system. Based on the time-space interval of the time-related scale factor coordinate, the solutions of R-W metric with parameter k=1 and the non-vacuum metric outside stars are deduced. A new point of view is advanced to comprehend the modern physical non-flat time-space.
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Keywords:
- general relativity /
- standard cosmological model /
- scale factor
[1] Bennett C L, Hill R S, Hinshaw G, Nolta M R, Odegard N, Page L, Spergel D N, Weiland J L, Wright E L, Halpem M, Larosik N, Kogut A, Limon M, Meyer S S, Tucker G S, Wollack E 2003 Astrophys. J. 148 97
[2] Mather J C, Cheng E S, Cottingham D A, Eplee R E, Fixsen D J, Hewagama T 1994 Am. Astron. Soc. 420 439
[3] Riess A G, Filippenko A V, Challis P, Clocchiattia A, Diereks A, Gamavich P M, Gilliland R L, Hogan C J, Jha S, Kirshner R P, Lebundgut B, Phillips M M, Reiss D, Schmidt B P, Schommer R A, Smith R C, Spyromilio J, Stubbs C, Suntzeff N B, Tonry J 1998 Astron. J. 116 1009
[4] Schmidt B P, Suntzeff N B, Phillips M M, Schommer R A, Clocchiatti A, Kirshner R P, Garnavich P, Challis P, Leibundgut B, Spyromilio J, Riess A G, Filippenko A V, Hamuy M, Smith R C, Hogan C, Stubbs C, Diercks A, Reiss D, Gilliland R, Tonry J, Maza J, Dressler A, Walsh J, Ciardullo R 1998 Astrophys. J. 507 46
[5] Ben′?tez N, Riess A, Nugent P, Dickingson M, Chornock E, Filippenko V 2002 Astrophys. J. 577 L1
[6] Pope A C, Matsubara T, Szalay A S, Blanton M R, Eisenstein D J, Gray J, Lain B, Bahcall N A, Brinkmann J, Budavari T, Connolly A J, Frieman J A, Gunn J E, Johnston D, Kent S M, Lupton R H, Meiksin A, Nichol R C, Scranton R, Strauss M A, Szapudi I, Tegmark M, VogeleyMS,Weinberg D H, Zehavi I 2004 Astrophys. J. 607 655
[7] Carroll S M 2001 Living Rev. Rel. 4 1
[8] Kamenshchik A Y, Moschella U, Pasquier V 2001 Phys. Lett. B 511 265
[9] Feng B, Wang X L, Zhang X M 2005Phys. Lett. B 607 35
[10] Zhai X H, Zhao Y B 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 2465
[11] Avinash K, Rvachev V L 2000 Found. Phys. 30 139
[12] Sorrell W H 2009 Astrophys. Space Sci. 323 205
[13] Nottale L 2010 Found Sci. 15 101
[14] Albrecht A, Magueijo J 1999 Phys. Rev. D 59 043516
[15] Lai X M, Bian B M, Yang L, Yang J, Bian N, Li Z H, He A Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7955 (in Chinese)[赖小明, 卞保民, 杨玲, 杨娟, 卞牛, 李振华, 贺安之 2008 物理学报 textbf{57 7955]
[16] Weinberg S 1980 Gravitation and Cosmology (Beijing: Science Press) pp441, 475 (in Chinese)[温伯格 S 1980 引力论和宇宙论 (北京:科学出版社) 第441, 475页]
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[1] Bennett C L, Hill R S, Hinshaw G, Nolta M R, Odegard N, Page L, Spergel D N, Weiland J L, Wright E L, Halpem M, Larosik N, Kogut A, Limon M, Meyer S S, Tucker G S, Wollack E 2003 Astrophys. J. 148 97
[2] Mather J C, Cheng E S, Cottingham D A, Eplee R E, Fixsen D J, Hewagama T 1994 Am. Astron. Soc. 420 439
[3] Riess A G, Filippenko A V, Challis P, Clocchiattia A, Diereks A, Gamavich P M, Gilliland R L, Hogan C J, Jha S, Kirshner R P, Lebundgut B, Phillips M M, Reiss D, Schmidt B P, Schommer R A, Smith R C, Spyromilio J, Stubbs C, Suntzeff N B, Tonry J 1998 Astron. J. 116 1009
[4] Schmidt B P, Suntzeff N B, Phillips M M, Schommer R A, Clocchiatti A, Kirshner R P, Garnavich P, Challis P, Leibundgut B, Spyromilio J, Riess A G, Filippenko A V, Hamuy M, Smith R C, Hogan C, Stubbs C, Diercks A, Reiss D, Gilliland R, Tonry J, Maza J, Dressler A, Walsh J, Ciardullo R 1998 Astrophys. J. 507 46
[5] Ben′?tez N, Riess A, Nugent P, Dickingson M, Chornock E, Filippenko V 2002 Astrophys. J. 577 L1
[6] Pope A C, Matsubara T, Szalay A S, Blanton M R, Eisenstein D J, Gray J, Lain B, Bahcall N A, Brinkmann J, Budavari T, Connolly A J, Frieman J A, Gunn J E, Johnston D, Kent S M, Lupton R H, Meiksin A, Nichol R C, Scranton R, Strauss M A, Szapudi I, Tegmark M, VogeleyMS,Weinberg D H, Zehavi I 2004 Astrophys. J. 607 655
[7] Carroll S M 2001 Living Rev. Rel. 4 1
[8] Kamenshchik A Y, Moschella U, Pasquier V 2001 Phys. Lett. B 511 265
[9] Feng B, Wang X L, Zhang X M 2005Phys. Lett. B 607 35
[10] Zhai X H, Zhao Y B 2006 Chin. Phys. 15 2465
[11] Avinash K, Rvachev V L 2000 Found. Phys. 30 139
[12] Sorrell W H 2009 Astrophys. Space Sci. 323 205
[13] Nottale L 2010 Found Sci. 15 101
[14] Albrecht A, Magueijo J 1999 Phys. Rev. D 59 043516
[15] Lai X M, Bian B M, Yang L, Yang J, Bian N, Li Z H, He A Z 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7955 (in Chinese)[赖小明, 卞保民, 杨玲, 杨娟, 卞牛, 李振华, 贺安之 2008 物理学报 textbf{57 7955]
[16] Weinberg S 1980 Gravitation and Cosmology (Beijing: Science Press) pp441, 475 (in Chinese)[温伯格 S 1980 引力论和宇宙论 (北京:科学出版社) 第441, 475页]
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