Properties and fabrication status of capsules for ignition targets in inertial confinement fusion experiments

Zhang Zhan-Wen; Qi Xiao-Bo; Li Bo

doi:10.7498/aps.61.145204

Abstract

The inertial confinement fusion program has proposed a laser capable of producing ignition and gain as the next step. Several choices exist in the design and production of capsules. In this paper the important features of each ablator material and the status of production are summarized. The design consists of ablators made of germanium-doped carbon hydrogen (CH), beryllium doped copper, polyimide, B4C and diamond. The CH and beryllium capsules are two of the most important choices. Compared with the beryllium shell, the CH shell has no microstructure and has a transparent wall that allows optical characterization of the fuel ice layer. The CH shell has the advantage that the specification can be easy to satisfy the ignition acquirements. The current ignition point has been designed in USA since 2010. The ignition target design has a series of demands for the capsule, such as capsule dimensions, coating density, void defects and volume, surface roughness, uniformity, doping and impurity levels. Now, the CH capsule can meet ignition requirements in USA, while the relevant work has just started in China.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China

References

[1]	Tabak M, Hammer J M, Glinsky M E 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626
[2]	Lindl J D 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933
[3]	Haan S W, Callahan D A, Edwards M J 2009 Fusion Sci. Technol. 55 227
[4]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2003 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[5]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Pollaine S, Burnharm A K 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 402
[6]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, McEachern R 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 3708
[7]	McQuillan B W, Nikroo A, Steinman D A, Elsner F H, Czechowicz D G, Hoppe M L, Sixtus M, Miller W J 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 381
[8]	Fearon E M, Letts S A, Allison L M, Cook R C 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 406
[9]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 58
[10]	Margevicius R W, Salzer L J, Salazar M A, Foreman L R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 106
[11]	Zhang Z W, Li B, Tang Y J, Wanh C Y, Chen S F, Qi X B 2005 J. Chin. Ceramic Soc. 33 1085 (in Chinese) [张占文, 李波, 唐永建, 王朝阳, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2005 硅酸盐学报 33 1085]
[12]	Chen K C, Cook R C, Huang H, Letts S A, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 750
[13]	Brusasco R, Saculla M, Cook R 1995 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 948
[14]	Du K, You D, Zhang L, Zhou L, Lin B 1998 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 10 426 (in Chinese) [杜凯, 游丹, 张林, 周兰, 林波 1998 强激光与离子束 10 426]
[15]	Zhang L, Tang Y J, Gao D Z, You D, Tu H Y, Luo X 2001 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 35 427 (in Chinese) [张林, 唐永建, 高党忠, 游丹, 涂海燕, 罗炫 2001 原子能科学技术 35 427]
[16]	Huang Y, Wu W D, Wei S, Luo J S, Zhang J C, Zhang Z W 2002 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 36 343 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 吴卫东, 魏胜, 罗江山, 张继成, 张占文 2002 原子能科学技术 36 343]
[17]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, Liu Y Y 2008 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 42 284 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 刘一杨 2008 原子能科学技术 42 284]
[18]	Takagi M, Cook R, McQuillan B, Gibson J, Paguio S 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 171
[19]	Theobald M, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Peche E, Baclet P 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 757
[20]	Haan S W, Salmonson J D, Clarkd D S, Ho D D, Hammel B A, Callahan D A, Cerjan C J, Edwards M J, Hatchett S P, Landen O L, Lindl J D, Macgowan B J, Marinak M M, Munro D H, Robey H F, Spears B K, Suter L J, Town R P, Weber S V, Wilson D C 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 1
[21]	Chicanne C, Bray J, Peche E, Legay G, Theobald M, Legaie O, Ollagnier A, Finotb E 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 87
[22]	Wu W D, Luo J S, Zhang Z W, Huang Y 1999 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 33 (in Chinese) [吴卫东, 罗江山, 张占文, 黄勇 1999 原子能科学技术 33 319]
[23]	Yang Z L, He Z B, Song Z M, Lu T C, Zhang B L, Tang Y J 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 22 1044 (in Chinese) [阳志林, 何智兵, 宋之敏, 卢铁城, 张宝玲, 唐永建 2010 强激光与离子束 22 1048]
[24]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, He Z B 2009 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 43 457 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 何智兵 2009 原子能科学技术 43 457]
[25]	Czechowicz D G, Castillo E R, Nikroo A 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 188
[26]	Chen K C, Moreno K A, Lee Y T, Wu J J, Nguyen Q L, Huang H, Sequoia K, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 59 8
[27]	Theobald M, Dumay B, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Legaie O, Baclet P 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 176
[28]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M, Castillo E R 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 220
[29]	Chen K C, Nguyen A Q, Huang H, Eddinger S A, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 429
[30]	Clark D S, Haan S W, Hammel B A, Salmonson J D, Callahan D A, Town R P J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 052703
[31]	Mceachen R, Alford C, Cook R, Makowiecki D, Wallace R 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 435
[32]	Xu H W, Alford C S, Cooley J C, Dixon L A, Hackenberg R E, Letts A A, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Wall J R, Youngblood K P 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 547
[33]	Salazar K V, Pattillo S G, Trkula M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 69
[34]	Lundgren E H, Forsman A C 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 325
[35]	Youngblood K P, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Huang H, Lee Y T, Letts S A, Alford C S, Buckley S R 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 572
[36]	Bhandarkar S, Letts S A, Buckley S, Alford C, Lindsey E, Hughes J, Youngblood K P, Moreno K, Xu H, Huang H, Nikroo A 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 564
[37]	Nikroo A, Xu H W, Moreno K A, Youngblood K P, Cooley J, Alford C S, Letts S A, Cook R C 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 553
[38]	Sanchez J J, Letts S A 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 491
[39]	Alfonso E L, Tsai F Y, Chen S H, Gram R Q, Harding D R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 131
[40]	Huang Y, Zhang Z W, Liu Y Y, Li B, Chen S F, Qi X B 2011 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 23 1527 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 张占文, 刘一杨, 李波, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2011 强激光与离子束 23 1527]
[41]	Letts S A, Fearon E, Anthamatten M, Buckley S R, King C, Cook R 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 714
[42]	Chen K C, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 721
[43]	Biener J, Mirkarimi P B, Tringe J W, Baker S L, Wang Y, Kucheyev S O, Teslich N E, Wu K J J, Hamza A V, Wild C, Woerner E, Koidl P, Bruehne K, Fecht H J 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 737
[44]	Burnham A K, Alford C S, Makowiecki D M, Dittrich T R, Wallace R J, Honea E C, King C M 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 456
[45]	Haan S W, Pollaine S M, Lindl J D, Suter L J, Berger R L, Powers L V, Alley W E, Amendt P A, Futterman J A, Levedahl W K, Rosen M D, Rowley D P, Sacks R A, Shestakov A I, Strobel G L, Tabak M, Weber S V, Zimmerman G B, Krauser W J, Wilson D C, Coggeshall S V, Harris D B, Hoffman N M, Wilde B H 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2480
[46]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Hinkel D E, Pollaine S M, Mceachern R, Cook R C, Roberts C C, Wilson D C, Bradley P A, Varnum W S 1999 Laser and Particle Beams 17 217
[47]	Wilson D S, Bradley P A, Hoffman N M, Swenson F J, Smitherman D P, Chrien R E, Margevicius R W, Thoma D J, Foreman L R, Hoffer J K, Goldman S R, Caldwell S E, Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, Sanchez J J 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1953

Cited By

[1]	Tabak M, Hammer J M, Glinsky M E 1994 Phys. Plasmas 1 1626
[2]	Lindl J D 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 3933
[3]	Haan S W, Callahan D A, Edwards M J 2009 Fusion Sci. Technol. 55 227
[4]	Lindl J D, Amendt P, Berger R L, Glendinning S G, Glenzer S H, Haan S W, Kauffman R L, Landen O L, Suter L J 2003 Phys. Plasmas 11 339
[5]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Pollaine S, Burnharm A K 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 402
[6]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, McEachern R 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 3708
[7]	McQuillan B W, Nikroo A, Steinman D A, Elsner F H, Czechowicz D G, Hoppe M L, Sixtus M, Miller W J 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 381
[8]	Fearon E M, Letts S A, Allison L M, Cook R C 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 406
[9]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 58
[10]	Margevicius R W, Salzer L J, Salazar M A, Foreman L R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 106
[11]	Zhang Z W, Li B, Tang Y J, Wanh C Y, Chen S F, Qi X B 2005 J. Chin. Ceramic Soc. 33 1085 (in Chinese) [张占文, 李波, 唐永建, 王朝阳, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2005 硅酸盐学报 33 1085]
[12]	Chen K C, Cook R C, Huang H, Letts S A, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 750
[13]	Brusasco R, Saculla M, Cook R 1995 J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 13 948
[14]	Du K, You D, Zhang L, Zhou L, Lin B 1998 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 10 426 (in Chinese) [杜凯, 游丹, 张林, 周兰, 林波 1998 强激光与离子束 10 426]
[15]	Zhang L, Tang Y J, Gao D Z, You D, Tu H Y, Luo X 2001 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 35 427 (in Chinese) [张林, 唐永建, 高党忠, 游丹, 涂海燕, 罗炫 2001 原子能科学技术 35 427]
[16]	Huang Y, Wu W D, Wei S, Luo J S, Zhang J C, Zhang Z W 2002 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 36 343 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 吴卫东, 魏胜, 罗江山, 张继成, 张占文 2002 原子能科学技术 36 343]
[17]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, Liu Y Y 2008 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 42 284 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 刘一杨 2008 原子能科学技术 42 284]
[18]	Takagi M, Cook R, McQuillan B, Gibson J, Paguio S 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 171
[19]	Theobald M, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Peche E, Baclet P 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 757
[20]	Haan S W, Salmonson J D, Clarkd D S, Ho D D, Hammel B A, Callahan D A, Cerjan C J, Edwards M J, Hatchett S P, Landen O L, Lindl J D, Macgowan B J, Marinak M M, Munro D H, Robey H F, Spears B K, Suter L J, Town R P, Weber S V, Wilson D C 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 1
[21]	Chicanne C, Bray J, Peche E, Legay G, Theobald M, Legaie O, Ollagnier A, Finotb E 2010 Fusion Technol. 59 87
[22]	Wu W D, Luo J S, Zhang Z W, Huang Y 1999 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 33 (in Chinese) [吴卫东, 罗江山, 张占文, 黄勇 1999 原子能科学技术 33 319]
[23]	Yang Z L, He Z B, Song Z M, Lu T C, Zhang B L, Tang Y J 2010 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 22 1044 (in Chinese) [阳志林, 何智兵, 宋之敏, 卢铁城, 张宝玲, 唐永建 2010 强激光与离子束 22 1048]
[24]	Zhang Z W, Huang Y, Tang Y J, Li B, Chen S F, He Z B 2009 Atomic Energy Sci. Technol. 43 457 (in Chinese) [张占文, 黄勇, 唐永建, 李波, 陈素芬, 何智兵 2009 原子能科学技术 43 457]
[25]	Czechowicz D G, Castillo E R, Nikroo A 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 188
[26]	Chen K C, Moreno K A, Lee Y T, Wu J J, Nguyen Q L, Huang H, Sequoia K, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 59 8
[27]	Theobald M, Dumay B, Chicanne C, Barnouin J, Legaie O, Baclet P 2004 Fusion Technol. 45 176
[28]	Nikroo A, Pontelandolfo J M, Castillo E R 2002 Fusion Technol. 41 220
[29]	Chen K C, Nguyen A Q, Huang H, Eddinger S A, Nikroo A 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 429
[30]	Clark D S, Haan S W, Hammel B A, Salmonson J D, Callahan D A, Town R P J 2010 Phys. Plasmas 17 052703
[31]	Mceachen R, Alford C, Cook R, Makowiecki D, Wallace R 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 435
[32]	Xu H W, Alford C S, Cooley J C, Dixon L A, Hackenberg R E, Letts A A, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Wall J R, Youngblood K P 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 547
[33]	Salazar K V, Pattillo S G, Trkula M 2000 Fusion Technol. 38 69
[34]	Lundgren E H, Forsman A C 2009 Fusion Technol. 55 325
[35]	Youngblood K P, Moreno K A, Nikroo A, Huang H, Lee Y T, Letts S A, Alford C S, Buckley S R 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 572
[36]	Bhandarkar S, Letts S A, Buckley S, Alford C, Lindsey E, Hughes J, Youngblood K P, Moreno K, Xu H, Huang H, Nikroo A 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 564
[37]	Nikroo A, Xu H W, Moreno K A, Youngblood K P, Cooley J, Alford C S, Letts S A, Cook R C 2007 Fusion Technol. 51 553
[38]	Sanchez J J, Letts S A 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 491
[39]	Alfonso E L, Tsai F Y, Chen S H, Gram R Q, Harding D R 1999 Fusion Technol. 35 131
[40]	Huang Y, Zhang Z W, Liu Y Y, Li B, Chen S F, Qi X B 2011 High Power Laser and Particle Beam 23 1527 (in Chinese) [黄勇, 张占文, 刘一杨, 李波, 陈素芬, 漆小波 2011 强激光与离子束 23 1527]
[41]	Letts S A, Fearon E, Anthamatten M, Buckley S R, King C, Cook R 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 714
[42]	Chen K C, Nikroo A 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 721
[43]	Biener J, Mirkarimi P B, Tringe J W, Baker S L, Wang Y, Kucheyev S O, Teslich N E, Wu K J J, Hamza A V, Wild C, Woerner E, Koidl P, Bruehne K, Fecht H J 2006 Fusion Technol. 49 737
[44]	Burnham A K, Alford C S, Makowiecki D M, Dittrich T R, Wallace R J, Honea E C, King C M 1997 Fusion Technol. 31 456
[45]	Haan S W, Pollaine S M, Lindl J D, Suter L J, Berger R L, Powers L V, Alley W E, Amendt P A, Futterman J A, Levedahl W K, Rosen M D, Rowley D P, Sacks R A, Shestakov A I, Strobel G L, Tabak M, Weber S V, Zimmerman G B, Krauser W J, Wilson D C, Coggeshall S V, Harris D B, Hoffman N M, Wilde B H 1995 Phys. Plasmas 2 2480
[46]	Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Hinkel D E, Pollaine S M, Mceachern R, Cook R C, Roberts C C, Wilson D C, Bradley P A, Varnum W S 1999 Laser and Particle Beams 17 217
[47]	Wilson D S, Bradley P A, Hoffman N M, Swenson F J, Smitherman D P, Chrien R E, Margevicius R W, Thoma D J, Foreman L R, Hoffer J K, Goldman S R, Caldwell S E, Dittrich T R, Haan S W, Marinak M M, Pollaine S M, Sanchez J J 1998 Phys. Plasmas 5 1953

[1]	Zhang Qi, Ma Ji-Rui, Fan Jin-Yan, Zhang Jie. Analysis of design principles of the experiments on the National Ignition Facility since 2010. Acta Physica Sinica, 2022, 71(13): 135202. doi: 10.7498/aps.71.20220199
[2]	Zou Xiong, Qi Xiao-Bo, Zhang Tao-Xian, Gao Zhang-Fan, Huang Wei-Xing. Numerical simulation of filling and evacuating process of impurity gas in target capsule of inertial confinement fusion. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(7): 075207. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201491
[3]	Yang Jun-Lan, Zhong Zhe-Qiang, Weng Xiao-Feng, Zhang Bin. Method of statistically characterizing target plane light field properties in inertial confinement fusion device. Acta Physica Sinica, 2019, 68(8): 084207. doi: 10.7498/aps.68.20182091
[4]	Xiao De-Long, Dai Zi-Huan, Sun Shun-Kai, Ding Ning, Zhang Yang, Wu Ji-Ming, Yin Li, Shu Xiao-Jian. Numerical studies on dynamics of Z-pinch dynamic hohlraum driven target implosion. Acta Physica Sinica, 2018, 67(2): 025203. doi: 10.7498/aps.67.20171640
[5]	Chen Peng-Wei, Li Yan-Zhong, Li Cui, Dai Fei, Ding Lan, Xin Yi. Numerical simulation of dynamic thermal characteristics of cryogenic target. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(19): 190702. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.190702
[6]	Li Hong-Xun, Zhang Rui, Zhu Na, Tian Xiao-Cheng, Xu Dang-Peng, Zhou Dan-Dan, Zong Zhao-Yu, Fan Meng-Qiu, Xie Liang-Hua, Zheng Tian-Ran, Li Zhao-Li. Uniform irradiation of a direct drive target by optimizing the beam parameters. Acta Physica Sinica, 2017, 66(10): 105202. doi: 10.7498/aps.66.105202
[7]	Deng Xue-Wei, Zhou Wei, Yuan Qiang, Dai Wan-Jun, Hu Dong-Xia, Zhu Qi-Hua, Jing Feng. Capsule illumination uniformity illuminated by direct laser-driven irradiation from several tens of directions. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(19): 195203. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.195203
[8]	Huang Xin, Peng Shu-Ming, Zhou Xiao-Song, Yu Ming-Ming, Yin Jian, Wen Cheng-Wei. Numerical simulation of heat transfer and natural convection of the indirect-driven cryogenic target. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(21): 215201. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.215201
[9]	Yan Ji, Zhang Xing, Zheng Jian-Hua, Yuan Yong-Teng, Kang Dong-Guo, Ge Feng-Jun, Chen Li, Song Zi-Feng, Yuan Zheng, Jiang Wei, Yu Bo, Chen Bo-Lun, Pu Yu-Dong, Huang Tian-Xuan. Variations of implosion performance with compression ratio in plastic DD filled capsule implosion experiment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(12): 125203. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.125203
[10]	Zhao Ying-Kui, Ouyang Bei-Yao, Wen Wu, Wang Min. Critical value of volume ignition and condition of nonequilibriem burning of DT in inertial confinement fusion. Acta Physica Sinica, 2015, 64(4): 045205. doi: 10.7498/aps.64.045205
[11]	Yan Ji, Zheng Jian-Hua, Chen Li, Lin Zhi-Wei, Jiang Shao-En. The application of phase contrast imaging to implosion capsule diagnose in high energy density physics environment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(14): 148701. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.148701
[12]	Yan Ji, Jiang Shao-En, Su Ming, Wu Shun-Chao, Lin Zhi-Wei. The application of phase contrast imaging to ICF multi-shell capsule diagnosis. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(6): 068703. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.068703
[13]	Zhan Jiang-Hui, Yao Xin, Gao Fu-Hua, Yang Ze-Jian, Zhang Yi-Xiao, Guo Yong-Kang. Study on intensity distribution inside the frequency conversion crystals for continuous phase plate front-located in inertialconfinement fusion driver. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(1): 014205. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.014205
[14]	Zhang Rui, Wang Jian-Jun, Su Jing-Qin, Liu Lan-Qin, Deng Qing-Hua. Experimental study on smoothing by spectral dispersion using linear frequency-modulated pulse. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(2): 1088-1094. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.1088
[15]	Cheng Wen-Yong, Zhang Xiao-Min, Su Jing-Qin, Zhao Sheng-Zhi, Dong Jun, Li Ping, Zhou Li-Dan. Suppression of small-scale self focusing of high power laser using moving beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(10): 7012-7016. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.7012
[16]	Yao Xin, Gao Fu-Hua, Zhang Yi-Xiao, Wen Sheng-Lin, Guo Yong-Kang, Lin Xiang-Di. Study on the frontal condition for continuous phase plate in inertial confinement fusion driver. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(5): 3130-3134. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.3130
[17]	Yao Xin, Gao Fu-Hua, Gao Bo, Zhang Yi-Xiao, Huang Li-Xin, Guo Yong-Kang, Lin Xiang-Di. Optimization of frequency conversion system in inertial confinement fusion driver for frontally located beam smoothing elements. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4598-4604. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4598
[18]	Yao Xin, Gao Fu-Hua, Li Jian-Feng, Zhang Yi-Xiao, Wen Sheng-Lin, Guo Yong-Kang. Study on the near field modulation and laser induced damage of beam sampling grating. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(8): 4891-4897. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.4891
[19]	. Near field modulation and laser induced damage of color separation gratings and combined color separation gratings-beam sampling gratings optical elements for use in inertial confinement fusion system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2007, 56(12): 6945-6953. doi: 10.7498/aps.56.6945
[20]	TANG YONG-JIAN, ZHAO YONG-KUAN, JIANG WEI-YANG, ZHU ZHENG-HE, LIU YUAN-QIONG. LIQUID HYDROGEN ISOTOPES LAYER PROFILE INSIDE A CRYOGENIC INERTIA CONFINEMENT FUSION CAPSULE FOR AN ISOTHERMAL ENVIRONMENT. Acta Physica Sinica, 1999, 48(12): 2208-2214. doi: 10.7498/aps.48.2208

Catalog

Vol. 61, Issue 14 - 2012-07-20

Metrics

Abstract views: 8121
PDF Downloads: 827
Cited By: 0

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Search

Article

留言板