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In this paper, we study the response properties of multi-photon of NbN superconductor nanowire in superconducting single photon detector (SSPD). We measure the NbN nanowire device's DC characteristics and detection probability for single and multi-photon light pulse signal at a temperature of 3.5 K. The measured results show that the superconducting transition current of superconductor nanowire decreases as light irradiation intensity increases. The photon number detected by SSPD is derived from the slope of detection probability versus light intensity. We find that the detected photon number increases as superconducting nanowire bias current decreases. Moreover, based on quantum optics and hotspot theory, we analyze the mechanism of the multi-photon response of superconducting nanowire semi-quantitatively. This result may be of benefit to understanding SSPD and developing the SSPD with the capability of resolving photon number.
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Keywords:
- single photon /
- superconductor /
- nanowire /
- multi-photon
[1] Gol'tsman G N, Okunev O, Chulkova G, Lipatov A, Semenov A, Smirnov K, Voronov B, Dzardanov A, Williams C, Sobolewski R 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 705
[2] Yan Z Z, Akhlaghi M K, Orgiazzi J L, Majedi A H 2009 J. Mod. Opt. 56 380
[3] Zhang L, Zhao Q, Zhong Y, Chen J, Cao C, Xu W, Kang L, Wu P, Shi W 2009 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 97 187
[4] Hofherr M, Rall D, Ilin K, Siegel M, Semenov A, Hübers H W, Gippius N A 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 014507
[5] Zhang L B, Zhong Y Y, Kang L, Chen J, Ji Z M, Xu W W, Cao C H 2009 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 2150
[6] Zhao Q, Zhang L, Jia T, Kang L, Xu W, Chen J, Wu P 2011 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 104 673
[7] Korneev A, Lipatov A, Okunev O, Chulkova G, Smirnov K, Gol'tsman G, Zhang J, Slysz W, Verevkin A, Sobolewski R 2003 Microelectron. Eng. 69 274
[8] Sobolewski R, Verevkin A, Gol'tsman G N, Lipatov A, Wilsher K 2003 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 13 1151
[9] Zhang J, Boiadjieva N, Chulkova G, Deslandes H, Gol'tsman G N, Korneev A, Kouminov P, Leibowitz A, Lo W, Malinsky R, Okunev O, Pearlman A, Slysz W, Smirnov K, Tsao C, Verevkin A, Voronov B, Wilsher K, Sobolewski R 2003 Electron. Lett. 39 1086
[10] Takesue H, Nam S W, Zhang Q, Hadfield R H, Honjo T, Tamaki K, Yamamoto Y 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 343
[11] Wang Z, Zhao X J, He M, Zhou T G, Yue H W, Yan S L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3481 (in Chinese) [王争, 赵新杰, 何明, 周铁戈, 岳宏卫, 阎少林 2010 物理学报 59 3481]
[12] Zinoni C, Alloing B, Li L H, Marsili F, Fiore A, Lunghi L, Gerardino A, Vakhtomin Y B, Smirnov K V, Gol'tsman G N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 089901
[13] Hu X L, Holzwarth C W, Masciarelli D, Dauler E A, Berggren K K 2009 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 336
[14] Bitauld D, Marsili F, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Nejad S J, Levy F, Fiore A 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2977
[15] Divochiy A, Marsili F, Bitauld D, Gaggero A, Leoni R, Mattioli F, Korneev A, Seleznev V, Kaurova N, Minaeva O, Gol'tsman G, Lagoudakis K G, Benkhaoul M, Levy F, Fiore A 2008 Nat. Photonics 2 302
[16] Ejrnaes M, Casaburi A, Quaranta O, Marchetti S, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Pagano S, Cristiano R 2009 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 055006
[17] Ejrnaes M, Cristiano R, Quaranta O, Pagano S, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Voronov B, Gol'tsman G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 262509
[18] Cheng N, Huang G F, Wang J D, Wei Z J, Guo J P, Liao C J, Liu S H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5338 (in Chinese) [程楠, 黄刚锋, 王金东, 魏正军, 郭健平, 廖常俊, 刘颂豪 2010 物理学报 59 5338]
[19] Semenov A D, Haas P, Gunther B, Hubers H W, Il'in K, Siegel M 2008 J. Low Temp. Phys. 151 564
[20] Santavicca D F, Reulet B, Karasik B S, Pereverzev S V, Olaya D, Gershenson M E, Frunzio L, Prober D E 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 083505
[21] Jahanmirinejad S, Fiore A 2012 Opt. Express 20 5017
[22] Zhang L, Kang L, Chen J, Zhong Y, Zhao Q, Jia T, Cao C, Jin B, Xu W, Sun G, Wu P 2011 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 102 867
[23] Zhang L B, Kang L, Chen J, Zhao Q Y, Jia T, Xu W W, Cao C H, Jin B B, Wu P H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 038501 (in Chinese) [张蜡宝, 康琳, 陈健, 赵清源, 郏涛, 许伟伟, 曹春海, 金飚兵, 吴培亨 2011 物理学报 60 038501]
[24] Mattioli F, Leoni R, Gaggero A, Castellano M G, Carelli P, Marsili F, Fiore A 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 054302
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[1] Gol'tsman G N, Okunev O, Chulkova G, Lipatov A, Semenov A, Smirnov K, Voronov B, Dzardanov A, Williams C, Sobolewski R 2001 Appl. Phys. Lett. 79 705
[2] Yan Z Z, Akhlaghi M K, Orgiazzi J L, Majedi A H 2009 J. Mod. Opt. 56 380
[3] Zhang L, Zhao Q, Zhong Y, Chen J, Cao C, Xu W, Kang L, Wu P, Shi W 2009 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 97 187
[4] Hofherr M, Rall D, Ilin K, Siegel M, Semenov A, Hübers H W, Gippius N A 2010 J. Appl. Phys. 108 014507
[5] Zhang L B, Zhong Y Y, Kang L, Chen J, Ji Z M, Xu W W, Cao C H 2009 Chin. Sci. Bull. 54 2150
[6] Zhao Q, Zhang L, Jia T, Kang L, Xu W, Chen J, Wu P 2011 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 104 673
[7] Korneev A, Lipatov A, Okunev O, Chulkova G, Smirnov K, Gol'tsman G, Zhang J, Slysz W, Verevkin A, Sobolewski R 2003 Microelectron. Eng. 69 274
[8] Sobolewski R, Verevkin A, Gol'tsman G N, Lipatov A, Wilsher K 2003 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 13 1151
[9] Zhang J, Boiadjieva N, Chulkova G, Deslandes H, Gol'tsman G N, Korneev A, Kouminov P, Leibowitz A, Lo W, Malinsky R, Okunev O, Pearlman A, Slysz W, Smirnov K, Tsao C, Verevkin A, Voronov B, Wilsher K, Sobolewski R 2003 Electron. Lett. 39 1086
[10] Takesue H, Nam S W, Zhang Q, Hadfield R H, Honjo T, Tamaki K, Yamamoto Y 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 343
[11] Wang Z, Zhao X J, He M, Zhou T G, Yue H W, Yan S L 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 3481 (in Chinese) [王争, 赵新杰, 何明, 周铁戈, 岳宏卫, 阎少林 2010 物理学报 59 3481]
[12] Zinoni C, Alloing B, Li L H, Marsili F, Fiore A, Lunghi L, Gerardino A, Vakhtomin Y B, Smirnov K V, Gol'tsman G N 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 089901
[13] Hu X L, Holzwarth C W, Masciarelli D, Dauler E A, Berggren K K 2009 IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 336
[14] Bitauld D, Marsili F, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Nejad S J, Levy F, Fiore A 2010 Nano Lett. 10 2977
[15] Divochiy A, Marsili F, Bitauld D, Gaggero A, Leoni R, Mattioli F, Korneev A, Seleznev V, Kaurova N, Minaeva O, Gol'tsman G, Lagoudakis K G, Benkhaoul M, Levy F, Fiore A 2008 Nat. Photonics 2 302
[16] Ejrnaes M, Casaburi A, Quaranta O, Marchetti S, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Pagano S, Cristiano R 2009 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22 055006
[17] Ejrnaes M, Cristiano R, Quaranta O, Pagano S, Gaggero A, Mattioli F, Leoni R, Voronov B, Gol'tsman G 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 91 262509
[18] Cheng N, Huang G F, Wang J D, Wei Z J, Guo J P, Liao C J, Liu S H 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5338 (in Chinese) [程楠, 黄刚锋, 王金东, 魏正军, 郭健平, 廖常俊, 刘颂豪 2010 物理学报 59 5338]
[19] Semenov A D, Haas P, Gunther B, Hubers H W, Il'in K, Siegel M 2008 J. Low Temp. Phys. 151 564
[20] Santavicca D F, Reulet B, Karasik B S, Pereverzev S V, Olaya D, Gershenson M E, Frunzio L, Prober D E 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 96 083505
[21] Jahanmirinejad S, Fiore A 2012 Opt. Express 20 5017
[22] Zhang L, Kang L, Chen J, Zhong Y, Zhao Q, Jia T, Cao C, Jin B, Xu W, Sun G, Wu P 2011 Appl. Phys. B: Lasers Opt. 102 867
[23] Zhang L B, Kang L, Chen J, Zhao Q Y, Jia T, Xu W W, Cao C H, Jin B B, Wu P H 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 038501 (in Chinese) [张蜡宝, 康琳, 陈健, 赵清源, 郏涛, 许伟伟, 曹春海, 金飚兵, 吴培亨 2011 物理学报 60 038501]
[24] Mattioli F, Leoni R, Gaggero A, Castellano M G, Carelli P, Marsili F, Fiore A 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 101 054302
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