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The M-Z interferometer with gratings or multilayer mirrors is widely used in the X-ray laser plasma diagnoses; however, this system is difficult to adjust, and results in the low success rate in experiment. Since wavefront shearing interferometers do not need a separate reference wavefront, they have inherent advantages compared with conventional interferometers. But the absence of shearing element for soft X-ray has restrained the application of the shearing interferometry in soft X-ray measurement. In this paper, a new-structured double-frequency grating was proposed and fabricated that served as the shearing element for soft X-rays, which can promote the application of shearing interferometers in the X-ray laser plasma diagnoses. The diffraction characteristics of the double-frequency grating are analyzed and tested in the synchrotron radiation beams. It is found that the intensity ratio of the two working diffracted beams is over 75%, and the intensity ratio of the rest diffracted beam to the working beam is less than 5%. An X-ray shearing interferometer using a double-frequency grating with 1000 lines/mm and 1002.5 lines/mm gratings was set up, and a clear shear interferogram was obtained. The experimental results demonstrated that the soft X-ray shearing interferometer using double-frequency grating can be applied in the X-ray laser plasma diagnoses.
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Keywords:
- double-frequency gratings /
- shearing interferometry /
- soft X-ray /
- plasma diagnostics
[1] Da Silva L B, Barbee T W, Cauble Jr R, Celliers P, Ciarlo D, Libby S, London R A, Matthews D, Mrowka S, Moreno J C, Ress D, Trebes J E, Wan A S, Weber F 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3991
[2] Wan A S, Barbee T W, Cauble Jr R, Celliers P, Da Silva L B, Moreno J C, Rambo P W, Stone G F, Trebes J E 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 6293
[3] Filevich J, Kanizay K, MarconiM C, Chilla J L A, Rrocca J J 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 356
[4] Smith R F, Dunn J, Nilsen J, Shlyaptsev V N, Moon S, Filevich J, Rocca J J, Marconi M C, Hunter J R, Barbee Jr T W 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 065004-1
[5] Wang C, Zheng W D, Fang Z H, Sun J R, Wang W, Xiong J, Fu S Z, Gu Y, Wang S J, Qiao X M, Zhang G P 2010 ActaPhys. Sin. 59 4767 (in Chinese) [王琛, 郑无敌, 方智恒, 孙今人, 王伟, 熊俊, 傅思祖, 顾援, 王世绩, 乔秀梅, 张国平 2010 物理学报 59 4767]
[6] Wang C, Wang W, Sun J R, Fang Z H, Wu J, Fu S Z, Ma W X, Gu Y, Wang S J, Zhang G P, Zheng W D, Zhang T X, Peng H M, Shao P, Yi K, Lin Z Q, Wang Z S, Wang H C, Zhou B, Chen L Y, Jin C S 2005 ActaPhys. Sin. 54 202 (in Chinese) [王琛, 王伟, 孙今人, 方智恒, 吴江, 傅思祖, 马伟新, 顾援, 王世绩, 张国平, 郑无敌, 张覃鑫, 彭惠民, 邵平, 易葵, 林尊琪, 王占山, 王洪昌, 周斌, 陈玲燕, 金春水 2005 物理学报 54 202]
[7] Zheng W D, Zhang G P, Wang C, Sun J R, Fang Z H, Gu Y, Fu S Z 2007 ActaPhys. Sin. 56 3984 (in Chinese) [郑无敌, 张国平, 王琛, 孙今人, 方智恒, 顾援, 傅思祖 2007 物理学报 56 3984]
[8] Chen GH, Chen L, Liu S X 2007 ActaPhotonica. Sin. 36 2192 (in Chinese) [陈光华, 陈林, 刘寿先 2007 光子学报 36 2192]
[9] Wyant J C 1973 Appl. Opt. 12 2057
[10] Ming H, Zhou C G, Liu Y, Xie J P, Huo R, Li C F 1994 ActaOpt. Sin. 14 214 (in Chinese) [明海, 周晨冈, 刘宇, 谢建平, 霍然, 李昌烽 1994 光学学报 14 214]
[11] Liu Y, Tan X, Liu Z K, Xu X D, Hong Y L, Fu S J 2008 Opt. Exp. 14761
[12] Wyant J C 1974 Appl. Opt. 13 200
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[1] Da Silva L B, Barbee T W, Cauble Jr R, Celliers P, Ciarlo D, Libby S, London R A, Matthews D, Mrowka S, Moreno J C, Ress D, Trebes J E, Wan A S, Weber F 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 74 3991
[2] Wan A S, Barbee T W, Cauble Jr R, Celliers P, Da Silva L B, Moreno J C, Rambo P W, Stone G F, Trebes J E 1997 Phys. Rev. E 55 6293
[3] Filevich J, Kanizay K, MarconiM C, Chilla J L A, Rrocca J J 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 356
[4] Smith R F, Dunn J, Nilsen J, Shlyaptsev V N, Moon S, Filevich J, Rocca J J, Marconi M C, Hunter J R, Barbee Jr T W 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 89 065004-1
[5] Wang C, Zheng W D, Fang Z H, Sun J R, Wang W, Xiong J, Fu S Z, Gu Y, Wang S J, Qiao X M, Zhang G P 2010 ActaPhys. Sin. 59 4767 (in Chinese) [王琛, 郑无敌, 方智恒, 孙今人, 王伟, 熊俊, 傅思祖, 顾援, 王世绩, 乔秀梅, 张国平 2010 物理学报 59 4767]
[6] Wang C, Wang W, Sun J R, Fang Z H, Wu J, Fu S Z, Ma W X, Gu Y, Wang S J, Zhang G P, Zheng W D, Zhang T X, Peng H M, Shao P, Yi K, Lin Z Q, Wang Z S, Wang H C, Zhou B, Chen L Y, Jin C S 2005 ActaPhys. Sin. 54 202 (in Chinese) [王琛, 王伟, 孙今人, 方智恒, 吴江, 傅思祖, 马伟新, 顾援, 王世绩, 张国平, 郑无敌, 张覃鑫, 彭惠民, 邵平, 易葵, 林尊琪, 王占山, 王洪昌, 周斌, 陈玲燕, 金春水 2005 物理学报 54 202]
[7] Zheng W D, Zhang G P, Wang C, Sun J R, Fang Z H, Gu Y, Fu S Z 2007 ActaPhys. Sin. 56 3984 (in Chinese) [郑无敌, 张国平, 王琛, 孙今人, 方智恒, 顾援, 傅思祖 2007 物理学报 56 3984]
[8] Chen GH, Chen L, Liu S X 2007 ActaPhotonica. Sin. 36 2192 (in Chinese) [陈光华, 陈林, 刘寿先 2007 光子学报 36 2192]
[9] Wyant J C 1973 Appl. Opt. 12 2057
[10] Ming H, Zhou C G, Liu Y, Xie J P, Huo R, Li C F 1994 ActaOpt. Sin. 14 214 (in Chinese) [明海, 周晨冈, 刘宇, 谢建平, 霍然, 李昌烽 1994 光学学报 14 214]
[11] Liu Y, Tan X, Liu Z K, Xu X D, Hong Y L, Fu S J 2008 Opt. Exp. 14761
[12] Wyant J C 1974 Appl. Opt. 13 200
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