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In this paper, the experimental investigation of coherently combined air-modulated speakers is achieved. This paper addresses a basic architecture for coherent-combined air-modulated speakers by means of active phase control, and then the fundamental theory for coherent combination using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is described. Numerical simulation on coherently combining sound sources with horn is carried out. Moreover, an experiment of far-field coherently combining two air-modulated speakers has been conducted, and the configuration scheme of parameters in practical terms is presented. Experimental results show that when the algorithm converges, the sound pressure level at the test spot is 4 dB higher than that of single source. A power spectrum analysis indicates that the sound power of coherently combining case is close to the sum of the sound powers between the coherently combining of the fundamental frequency components and the non-coherently combining of the other frequency components for all sound sources. Consequently, it is revealed that the acoustic wave phases for air-modulated speakers can be effectively controlled by the active phase control algorithm, and an evident coherent-combining effect is obtained.
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Keywords:
- air-modulated speaker /
- coherent combination /
- stochastic parallel gradient descent /
- higher harmonics
[1] Roland G B 1995 Ph. D. Dissertation (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technolody)
[2] Blondel L A, Elliott S J 1999 Journal of Sound and Vibration 219 405
[3] Glendinning A G, Nelson P A, Elliott S J 1990 Journal of Sound and Vibration 138 479
[4] Frederic G P 1987 Ph.D. Dissertation (CentralCounty: The Pennsylvania State University)
[5] Qian Z W 2009 Nonlinear Acoustics (2nd Edn.) (Beijing: Science Press) p71 (in Chinese) [钱祖文 2009 非线性声学(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第71页]
[6] Andre J, Michael M 2006 The 6th International Symposium on Active Noise and Vibration Control Adelaide, Australia, September 18-20, 2006 p457
[7] Zhao Y, Zeng X W 2011 Acta Acustica 36 291 (in Chinese) [赵云, 曾新吾 2011 声学学报 36 291]
[8] Zhao Y 2010 Ph.D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [赵云 2010 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[9] Xu W 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [许伟 2010 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
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[11] Akira S, Tomoharu S, Tomoki S 2002 Opt. Express. 10 1167
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[13] Xiao R, Hou J, Jiang Z F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 853 (in Chinese) [肖瑞, 侯静, 姜宗福 2008 物理学报 57 853]
[14] Ma Y X, Zhou P, Wang X L 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1308
[15] Xang X L 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [王小林 2011 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[16] Zhou P 2009 Ph.D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [周朴 2009 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[17] Wang X L, Zhou P, Ma Y X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 973 (in Chinese) [王小林, 周朴, 马阎星 2010 物理学报 59 973]
[18] Zhou P, Liu Z J, Wang X L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 231106
[19] Liu L 2008 Ph.D. Dissertation (Park: University of Marylad at College Park)
[20] Richard C M 2004 Ph.D. Dissertation (SouthAustralia: The University of Adelaide)
[21] Feng G, Cao X J, Shang W D 2009 Laser Technology 33 555 (in Chinese) [冯光, 曹祥杰, 尚东卫 2009 激光技术 33 555]
[22] Han K, Xu X J, Zhou P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 074206 (in Chinese) [韩凯, 许晓军, 周朴 2011 物理学报 33 074206]
[23] Antonin N, Laurent S, Frantisek K, Pierrick L 2010 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59 2220
[24] Zhou D Y, Debrunner V E 2007 IEEE Trans. Signal Processing. 55 120
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[1] Roland G B 1995 Ph. D. Dissertation (Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technolody)
[2] Blondel L A, Elliott S J 1999 Journal of Sound and Vibration 219 405
[3] Glendinning A G, Nelson P A, Elliott S J 1990 Journal of Sound and Vibration 138 479
[4] Frederic G P 1987 Ph.D. Dissertation (CentralCounty: The Pennsylvania State University)
[5] Qian Z W 2009 Nonlinear Acoustics (2nd Edn.) (Beijing: Science Press) p71 (in Chinese) [钱祖文 2009 非线性声学(第二版) (北京: 科学出版社) 第71页]
[6] Andre J, Michael M 2006 The 6th International Symposium on Active Noise and Vibration Control Adelaide, Australia, September 18-20, 2006 p457
[7] Zhao Y, Zeng X W 2011 Acta Acustica 36 291 (in Chinese) [赵云, 曾新吾 2011 声学学报 36 291]
[8] Zhao Y 2010 Ph.D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [赵云 2010 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[9] Xu W 2010 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [许伟 2010 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[10] Huo Y M, Cheo P K, George G K 2004 Opt. Express. 12 6230
[11] Akira S, Tomoharu S, Tomoki S 2002 Opt. Express. 10 1167
[12] Xiao R, Hou J, Liu M 2008 Opt. Express. 16 2015
[13] Xiao R, Hou J, Jiang Z F 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 853 (in Chinese) [肖瑞, 侯静, 姜宗福 2008 物理学报 57 853]
[14] Ma Y X, Zhou P, Wang X L 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 1308
[15] Xang X L 2011 Ph. D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [王小林 2011 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[16] Zhou P 2009 Ph.D. Dissertation (Changsha: National University of Denfense Technology) (in Chinese) [周朴 2009 博士学位论文 (长沙: 国防科技大学)]
[17] Wang X L, Zhou P, Ma Y X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 973 (in Chinese) [王小林, 周朴, 马阎星 2010 物理学报 59 973]
[18] Zhou P, Liu Z J, Wang X L 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 231106
[19] Liu L 2008 Ph.D. Dissertation (Park: University of Marylad at College Park)
[20] Richard C M 2004 Ph.D. Dissertation (SouthAustralia: The University of Adelaide)
[21] Feng G, Cao X J, Shang W D 2009 Laser Technology 33 555 (in Chinese) [冯光, 曹祥杰, 尚东卫 2009 激光技术 33 555]
[22] Han K, Xu X J, Zhou P 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 074206 (in Chinese) [韩凯, 许晓军, 周朴 2011 物理学报 33 074206]
[23] Antonin N, Laurent S, Frantisek K, Pierrick L 2010 IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. 59 2220
[24] Zhou D Y, Debrunner V E 2007 IEEE Trans. Signal Processing. 55 120
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