Warming and drying climate over Loess plateau area in China and its effect on land surface energy exchange

Zhang Qiang; Huang Jing; Zhang Liang; Zhang Li-Yang

doi:10.7498/aps.62.139202

Abstract

China's Loess plateau, as one of the areas in the world, is vulnerable to ecological environment and sensitive to climate change. The characteristic of land surface process has been changing in this area, and it affects the formation and evolution of regional weather and climate. However, limited by observational land surface data, exchange process variation of the surface energy of the Loess plateau and its mechanism of response to climate change is limited. In this study, we combine the observed experimental data with the land surface model simulated data, test the previous four land surface models. It shows the CLM is reliable in Loess plateau. Then we use the observed data and model simulated data to analyze the variation of regional climate and the characteristics of land surface energy exchange, and discuss the effect of climate change on land surface energy exchange. It shows that Loess plateau is warming and drying in recent decades. It induces the increase in solar radiation, surface reflected radiation and surface longwave upward radiation. This makes the net radiation decrease. Correspondingly, surface latent heat flux, sensible heat flux and soil heat flux all have a decreasing trend. But the distribution ratio of components of surface heat flux is basically unchanged. In addition, the annual variation of sensible heat flux is controlled by solar radiation, and latent heat flux is controlled by solar radiation and precipitation. The annual variation of each component of surface heat flux is sensitive to precipitation, not sensitive to temperature. The climate acidification affected surface energy balance farmore than temperature rise.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

1.
Institute of Arid Meteorology, CMA, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province; Key Open Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, China;
2.
Gansu Provincial Meteorological Bureau, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3.
Meteorological Bureau of YongJia, Wenzhou 325100, China;
4.
College of Atmospheric Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
Funds: Project supported by the the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB430206), and the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40830957).

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[27]	Bonan G B 1998 J. Clim. 11 1307
[28]	Dickinson K J M, Mark A F, Dawkins B 1993 J. Biogeogr. 20 687
[29]	Dai Y J, Zeng Q C 1997 Adv. Atmos. Sci. 14 433
[30]	Koster R D, Suarez M 1996 NASA Tech. Memo. 104606 9 p59
[31]	Sellers P J, Mintz Y, Sud Y C, Dalcher A 1986 J. Atmos. Sci. 43 505
[32]	Ek M B, Mitchell K E, Lin Y, Rogers E, Grunmann P, Koren V, Gayno G, Tarpley J D 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 8851
[33]	Wang Y P, Kowalczyk E, Leuning R, Abramowitz G, Raupach M R, Pak B, van Gorsel E, Luhar A 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 1034
[34]	Wang Y P, Leuning R 1998 Agric. For. Meteor. 91 89
[35]	Raupach M R, Finnigan J J, Brunet Y 1989 Proc. Fourth Australasian Conf. on Heat and Mass Transfer, Christchurch, New Zealand, 9-12,May 1989 p75
[36]	Ngo-Duc T, Polcher J, Laval K 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 6116
[37]	Liu Y, Huang J, Shi G, Takamura T, Khatri P, Bi J, Shi J, Wang T, Wang X, Zhang B 2011 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 11455
[38]	Zuo J Q, Huang J P, Wang J M, Zhang W, Bi J R, Wang G Y, Li W J, Fu P J 2009 Adv. Atmos. Sci. 26 679
[39]	Zhang Q, Li H Y, Zhao J H 2012 Sci. China Earth Sci. 55 580
[40]	Huang J, Guan X, Ji F 2012 Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 12 4627
[41]	Zhang Q, Wang S 2007 Prog. Nat. Sci. 17 211 (in Chinese) [张强, 王胜 2007 自然科学进展 17 211]
[42]	Zhang Q, Zeng J, Zhang L Y 2012 Sci. China Earth Sci. 55 1872

Cited By

[1]	Wang Y R, Zhang Q, Jiang S B 2011 Adv. Meteorol. Sci. Technol. 1 38 (in Chinese) [王毅荣, 张强, 江少波 2011 气象科技进展 1 38]
[2]	Li B, Zhang J T 2003 Acta Ecol. Sin. 23 82 (in Chinese) [李斌, 张金屯 2003 生态学报 23 82]
[3]	Zhang Q, Wang S 2008 Adv. Earth Sci. 23 167 (in Chinese) [张强, 王胜 2008 地球科学进展 23 167]
[4]	Guo Z T, William F. Ruddiman, Hao Q Z, Wu H B, Qiao Y S, Zhu R X, Peng S Z, Wei J J, Yuan B Y, Liu T S 2002 Nature 416 159
[5]	Li X Q, An Z S, Zhou J, Gao H J, Zhao H L 2003 Mar. Geol. Quat. Geol. 23 109 (in Chinese) [李小强, 安芷生, 周杰, 高会军, 赵宏丽 2003 海洋地质与第四纪地质 23 109]
[6]	Lv H Y, Liu D S, Guo Z T 2003 Chin. Sci. Bull. 48 2 (in Chinese) [吕厚远, 刘东生, 郭正堂 2003 科学通报 48 2]
[7]	Lu G H, Yan G X, Wu Z Y 2010 Water Resour. Hydropower Eng. 41 78 (in Chinese) [陆桂华, 闫桂霞, 吴志勇 2010 水利水电技术 41 78]
[8]	Yang X G, Zhang Q, Yang Q G, Wang R Y, Liu H Y, Ma P L 2010 Plateau Meteor. 29 44 (in Chinese) [杨兴国, 张强, 杨启国, 王润元, 刘宏谊, 马鹏里 2010 高原气象 29 44]
[9]	Liu Y Y, Wen J, Wei Z G 2007 Plateau Meteor. 26 928 (in Chinese) [刘远永, 文军, 韦志刚 2007 高原气象 26 928]
[10]	Huang J P 2008 Adv. Atmos. Sci. 25 906
[11]	Zhang Q, Hu X J, Wang S, Liu H Y, Zhang J, Wang R Y 2009 Adv. Earth Sci. 24 363 (in Chinese) [张强, 胡向军, 王胜, 刘宏谊, 张杰, 王润元 2009 地球科学进展 24 363]
[12]	Zhang Q, Li H Y, Zhang L Y, Yue P, Shi J S 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 19201 (in Chinese) [张强, 李宏宇, 张立阳, 岳平, 史晋森 2013 物理学报 62 19201]
[13]	Li H Y, Zhang Q, Wang C L, Yang F L, Zhao J H 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 159201 (in Chinese) [李宏宇, 张强, 王春玲, 阳伏林, 赵建华 2013 物理学报 62 19201]
[14]	Wang S, Zhang Q 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 59203 (in Chinese) [王胜, 张强 2011 物理学报 60 59203]
[15]	Li Y S 1983 Acta Ecol. Sin. 3 91 (in Chinese) [李玉山 1983 生态学报 3 91]
[16]	Zhang Q, Li H Y 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 5888 (in Chinese) [张强, 李宏宇 2010 物理学报 59 5888]
[17]	Sun Z X, Zhang Q 2011 J. Desert Res. 31 1302 (in Chinese) [孙昭萱, 张强 2011 中国沙漠 31 1302]
[18]	Zhang Q, Sun Z X, Wang S 2011 Chin. J. Geophysics 54 1727 (in Chinese) [张强, 孙昭萱, 王胜 2011 地球物理学报 54 1727]
[19]	Reiji Kimura, Fan J, Zhang X C, Naru Takayama, Makio Kamichika, Nobuhiro Matsuoka 2006 Acta Oecol. 29 45
[20]	Li H Y, Zhang Q, Wang S 2010 Adv. Earth Sci. 25 1070 (in Chinese) [李宏宇, 张强, 王胜 2010 地球科学进展 25 1070]
[21]	Zeng J, Shen J, Zhang Q 2010 Sciences in Cold and Arid Regions 2 288
[22]	Zhang J, Zhang Q, Huang J P 2010 Plateau Meteor. 29 855 (in Chinese) [张杰, 张强, 黄建平 2010 高原气象 29 855]
[23]	Huang R H, Chen W, Zhang Q 2011 Interaction of land-atmosphere in northwest China and its Effect on East Asian Climate Change (Beijing Meteorology Press) p356 (in Chinese) [黄荣辉, 陈文, 张强 2011 中国西北干旱区陆-气相互作用及其对东亚气候变化的影响 (北京:气象出版社) 第356页]
[24]	Li Z C, Wei Z G, Wen J, Fu R 2008 J. Arid Land Resour. Environ. 22 57 (in Chinese) [李振朝, 韦志刚, 文军, 符睿 2008 干旱区资源与环境 22 57]
[25]	Yu W D, Min Q W, Li X G 2002 Resour. Sci. 24 55 (in Chinese) [余卫东, 闵庆文, 李湘阁 2002 资源科学 24 55]
[26]	Dai Y J, Zeng X B, Robert E. Dickinson, Ian Baker, Gordon B. Bonan, Michael G. Bosilovich, A. Scott Denning, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Paul R. Houser, Niu G Y, Keith W. Oleson, C. Adam Schlosser, Yang Z L 2003 Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 84 1013
[27]	Bonan G B 1998 J. Clim. 11 1307
[28]	Dickinson K J M, Mark A F, Dawkins B 1993 J. Biogeogr. 20 687
[29]	Dai Y J, Zeng Q C 1997 Adv. Atmos. Sci. 14 433
[30]	Koster R D, Suarez M 1996 NASA Tech. Memo. 104606 9 p59
[31]	Sellers P J, Mintz Y, Sud Y C, Dalcher A 1986 J. Atmos. Sci. 43 505
[32]	Ek M B, Mitchell K E, Lin Y, Rogers E, Grunmann P, Koren V, Gayno G, Tarpley J D 2003 J. Geophys. Res. 108 8851
[33]	Wang Y P, Kowalczyk E, Leuning R, Abramowitz G, Raupach M R, Pak B, van Gorsel E, Luhar A 2011 J. Geophys. Res. 116 1034
[34]	Wang Y P, Leuning R 1998 Agric. For. Meteor. 91 89
[35]	Raupach M R, Finnigan J J, Brunet Y 1989 Proc. Fourth Australasian Conf. on Heat and Mass Transfer, Christchurch, New Zealand, 9-12,May 1989 p75
[36]	Ngo-Duc T, Polcher J, Laval K 2005 J. Geophys. Res. 110 6116
[37]	Liu Y, Huang J, Shi G, Takamura T, Khatri P, Bi J, Shi J, Wang T, Wang X, Zhang B 2011 Atmos. Chem. Phys. 11 11455
[38]	Zuo J Q, Huang J P, Wang J M, Zhang W, Bi J R, Wang G Y, Li W J, Fu P J 2009 Adv. Atmos. Sci. 26 679
[39]	Zhang Q, Li H Y, Zhao J H 2012 Sci. China Earth Sci. 55 580
[40]	Huang J, Guan X, Ji F 2012 Enhanced cold-season warming in semi-arid regions Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. 12 4627
[41]	Zhang Q, Wang S 2007 Prog. Nat. Sci. 17 211 (in Chinese) [张强, 王胜 2007 自然科学进展 17 211]
[42]	Zhang Q, Zeng J, Zhang L Y 2012 Sci. China Earth Sci. 55 1872

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Vol. 62, Issue 13 - 2013-07-05

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