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In this paper, the electrodeposited Cu-In-Ga metallic precursors have been sulpho-selenized by using H2S gas as the sulfur source and Se vapor as selenium source. Through the comparative experiments of selenization, sulfization and sulpho-selenization of the Cu-In-Ga metallic precursor, it has been found that the formations of CuInS2 phase and CuIn(S,Se)2 phase have priority over and restrain the formation of CuInSe2, so that the InSe phase diffuses into the film and weakens the phenomenon of separation into two phases in the film. Then the process of first selenization and sulfization next was made to optimize the preparation of Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 film. At 250 ℃, the pre-selenization temperature, the solar cells with 570 mV open circuit voltage are prepared, while at a higher pre-selenization temperature, the solar cells with a large short-circuit current are prepared. Finally the optimized solar cell with 10.4% efficiency is obtained.
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Keywords:
- electrodepostion /
- Cu-In-Ga metallic precursor /
- sulpho-selenization /
- Cu(In,Ga)(S,Se)2 thin film
[1] Lundberg O Lu J, Rockett A, Edoff M, Stolt L 2003 Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 64 1499
[2] Lai Y Q, Kuang S S, Liu F Y, Zhang Z A, Liu J, Li J, Liu Y X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1196 (in Chinese) [赖延清, 匡三双, 刘芳洋, 张治安, 刘军, 李劼, 刘业翔 2010 物理学报 59 1196]
[3] Nakada T, Ohbo H, Watanabe T, Nakazawa H, Matsui M, Kunioka A 1997 Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 49 285
[4] Kim K, Park H, Kim W K, Hanket G M, Shafarman W N 2012 Proc. 38th IEEE PVSC, Austin Texas, June 3–8, 2012
[5] Kim K, Hanket G M, Huynh T, Shafarman W N 2012 Journal of Applied Physics 111 083710
[6] Kim K, Kimberly E L, Damiani A, Hanket G M, Shafarman W N 2012 Proc. 38th IEEE PVSC, Austin Texas, June 3–8, 2012
[7] Kim K Park H Kim W K Hanket G M Shafarman W N 2013 IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 3 446
[8] Basol B M, Halani A, Leidholm C, Norsworthy G, Kapur V K, Swartzlander A, Matson R 2000 Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 8 227
[9] Nagoya Y, Kushiya K, Tachiyuki M, Yamase O 2001 Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 67 247
[10] Li W, Zhao Y M, Liu X J, Ao J P, Sun Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 068102
[11] Zhang C, Ao J P, Jiang T, Sun G Z, Zhou Z Q, Sun Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 078801 (in Chinese) [张超, 敖建平, 姜韬, 孙国忠, 周志强, 孙云 2013 物理学报 62 078801]
[12] Kim W K 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (US: University of Florida)
[13] Kim W K, Payzant E A, Kim S, Speakman S A, Crisalle O D, Anderson T J 2008 Journal of Crystal Growth 310 2987
[14] Hanket G M, Shafarman W N, McCandless B E, Birkmrie R W 2007 Journal of Applied Physics 102 074922
[15] Roine A.HSC Chemistry v5.0. Outokumpu Research 2002 Pori Finland
[16] Hölzing A, Schurr R, Yoo H, Wibowo R A, Lechner R, Palm J, Jost S, Hock R 2012 Thin Solid Films (in press)
[17] Weber A, Kötschau I, Schock H W 2007 Thin Solid Films 515 6252
[18] Hölzing A, Schurr R, Jost S, Palm J, Deseler K, Wellmann P, Hock R 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7197
[19] Mönig H, Fischer C H, Caballero R, Kaufmann C A, Allsop N, Gorgoi M, Klenk R, Schock H W, Lehmann S, Lux-Steiner M C, Lauermann I 2009 Acta Materialia 57 3645
[20] Han A J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Li B Y, Sun Y 2012 Applied Surface Science 258 9747
[21] Tuttle J R, Contreras M, Bode M H, Niles D, Albin D S, Matson R, Gabor A M, Tennant A, Duda A, Noufi R 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 77 153
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[1] Lundberg O Lu J, Rockett A, Edoff M, Stolt L 2003 Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 64 1499
[2] Lai Y Q, Kuang S S, Liu F Y, Zhang Z A, Liu J, Li J, Liu Y X 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1196 (in Chinese) [赖延清, 匡三双, 刘芳洋, 张治安, 刘军, 李劼, 刘业翔 2010 物理学报 59 1196]
[3] Nakada T, Ohbo H, Watanabe T, Nakazawa H, Matsui M, Kunioka A 1997 Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 49 285
[4] Kim K, Park H, Kim W K, Hanket G M, Shafarman W N 2012 Proc. 38th IEEE PVSC, Austin Texas, June 3–8, 2012
[5] Kim K, Hanket G M, Huynh T, Shafarman W N 2012 Journal of Applied Physics 111 083710
[6] Kim K, Kimberly E L, Damiani A, Hanket G M, Shafarman W N 2012 Proc. 38th IEEE PVSC, Austin Texas, June 3–8, 2012
[7] Kim K Park H Kim W K Hanket G M Shafarman W N 2013 IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 3 446
[8] Basol B M, Halani A, Leidholm C, Norsworthy G, Kapur V K, Swartzlander A, Matson R 2000 Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 8 227
[9] Nagoya Y, Kushiya K, Tachiyuki M, Yamase O 2001 Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 67 247
[10] Li W, Zhao Y M, Liu X J, Ao J P, Sun Y 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 068102
[11] Zhang C, Ao J P, Jiang T, Sun G Z, Zhou Z Q, Sun Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 078801 (in Chinese) [张超, 敖建平, 姜韬, 孙国忠, 周志强, 孙云 2013 物理学报 62 078801]
[12] Kim W K 2006 Ph. D. Dissertation (US: University of Florida)
[13] Kim W K, Payzant E A, Kim S, Speakman S A, Crisalle O D, Anderson T J 2008 Journal of Crystal Growth 310 2987
[14] Hanket G M, Shafarman W N, McCandless B E, Birkmrie R W 2007 Journal of Applied Physics 102 074922
[15] Roine A.HSC Chemistry v5.0. Outokumpu Research 2002 Pori Finland
[16] Hölzing A, Schurr R, Yoo H, Wibowo R A, Lechner R, Palm J, Jost S, Hock R 2012 Thin Solid Films (in press)
[17] Weber A, Kötschau I, Schock H W 2007 Thin Solid Films 515 6252
[18] Hölzing A, Schurr R, Jost S, Palm J, Deseler K, Wellmann P, Hock R 2011 Thin Solid Films 519 7197
[19] Mönig H, Fischer C H, Caballero R, Kaufmann C A, Allsop N, Gorgoi M, Klenk R, Schock H W, Lehmann S, Lux-Steiner M C, Lauermann I 2009 Acta Materialia 57 3645
[20] Han A J, Zhang Y, Liu W, Li B Y, Sun Y 2012 Applied Surface Science 258 9747
[21] Tuttle J R, Contreras M, Bode M H, Niles D, Albin D S, Matson R, Gabor A M, Tennant A, Duda A, Noufi R 1995 J. Appl. Phys. 77 153
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