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Because the boundary layer of the plasma sheath formed around the hypersonic vehicle flying in atmosphere is turbulent, the parameters of plasma sheath, such as the electron density, become time-varying. Both the amplitude and phase of electromagnetic (EM) signal are modulated by the time-varying plasma. By using a large volume uniform plasma generator, an experimental system for the propagation of EM signals in the time-varying plasma is built. The propagation experiment of the monochromatic signals and binary phase shift keying signals in S band of plasma is conducted. The modulations of the amplitude and phase of EM signal are proved, and the rotation of constellation of the multiple phase shift keying (MPSK) signal is observed. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate that the frequency of parasitic modulation is the same as that of time-varying plasma and the parasitical modulation intensity varies in proportion to the ratio of the electron density profile to the carrier frequency. Even if the carrier frequency is higher than the plasma frequency, the parasitical modulation will make the constellation of the MPSK signals circumvolve, and the bit error rate higher.
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Keywords:
- time-varying plasma /
- electromagnetic wave propagation /
- parasitical modulation /
- plasma generation
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[34] Zhu B, Yang J, Huang X G, Mao G W, Liu J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2352 (in Chinese) [朱冰, 杨娟, 黄学刚, 毛根旺, 刘俊平 2006 物理学报 55 2352]
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[1] Rybak J P, Churchill R J 1971 IEEE Trans. Aerospace Electron. Syst. 7879
[2] Hartunian R A, Stewart G E, Ravn O 2007 Causes and Mitigation of Radio Frequency Blackout During Reentry of Reusable Launch Vehicles (El Segundo: Aerosp. Corporation) p1
[3] [4] Potter D L 2006 The 37th AIAA Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference San Francisco, USA, June 5-8, 2006 p235
[5] [6] Wang B Y 1982 J. Astronau. 3 81 (in Chinese) [王柏懿 1982 宇航学报 3 81]
[7] [8] [9] Daniel G, Joseph S, Robert S 1992 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation in Unmagnetized Plasmas (Malibu, CA: Hughes Research Laboratories) p1
[10] Heald C B, Wharton M A 1965 Plasma Diagnostics with Microwaves (1st Ed.) (New York: John Wiley Sons) p120
[11] [12] Ma C G, Zhao Q, Luo X G, He G, Zheng L, Liu J W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 055201 (in Chinese) [马春光, 赵青, 罗先刚, 何果, 郑玲, 刘建卫 2011 物理学报 60 055201]
[13] [14] Zheng L, Zhao Q, Luo X G, Ma P, Liu S Z, Huang C, Xing X J, Zhang C Y, Chen X L 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 155203 (in Chinese) [郑灵, 赵青, 罗先刚, 马平,刘述章, 黄成, 邢晓俊, 张春艳, 陈旭霖 2012 物理学报 61 155203]
[15] [16] Zheng L, Zhao Q, Liu S Z, Xing X J 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 245202 (in Chinese) [郑灵, 赵青, 刘述章, 邢晓俊 2012 物理学报 61 245202]
[17] [18] [19] Wu R H, Liu H Y, Liu J Q, Chang Q 2013 J. Beijing Univ. Aeronaut. Astronaut. 18 585 (in Chinese) [邬润辉, 刘洪艳, 刘佳琪, 常青 2013 北京航空航天大学学报 18 585]
[20] Gillman E D, Foster J E, Blankson I M 2007 Review of Leading Approaches for Mitigating Hypersonic Vehicle Communications Blackout and a Method of Ceramic Particulate Injection Via Cathode Spot Arcs for Blackout Mitigation (Cleveland, Ohio: NASA) p8
[21] [22] [23] Potter D L 2011 The 17th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference San Francisco, USA, April 11-14, 2011 p2153
[24] [25] Anthony D, Richard G 1971 AIAA J. 8 1533
[26] Lin T C, Sproul L K 2006 Comput. Fluids 35 703
[27] [28] Shawn G O, Brian E G, Fergason S D 1999 IEEE Tran. Plasma Sci. 27 587
[29] [30] Yang M, Li X P, Xie K, Liu Y M, Shi L 2013 J. Astronaut. 34 842 (in Chinese) [杨敏, 李小平, 谢楷, 刘彦明, 石磊 2013 宇航学报 34 842]
[31] [32] [33] Yang M, Li X P, Xie K, Liu Y M, Liu D L 2013 Phys. Plasmas 20 1
[34] Zhu B, Yang J, Huang X G, Mao G W, Liu J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 2352 (in Chinese) [朱冰, 杨娟, 黄学刚, 毛根旺, 刘俊平 2006 物理学报 55 2352]
[35] [36] [37] Wang L, Cao J X, Wang Y, Niu T Y, Wang K, Zhu Y 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 1429 (in Chinese) [王亮, 曹金祥, 王艳, 牛田野, 王舸, 朱颖 2007 物理学报 56 1429]
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