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It is preferred to insert a saturable absorber grating in Er-doped fiber ring lasers for obtaining a stable single-longitudinal-mode laser operation; however, mode hopping is hardly avoided in various applications. A new mode hopping mechanism is found by utilizing the interferometric phase-demodulation method to transfer the optical frequency hops to the phase changes in real time. The regular mode hops triggered by fast cavity-length modulation are measured, and the characteristics and the origin of the mode hopping are obtained. Experimental results show that this kind of mode hopping, usually occurring between two neighboring longitudinal modes, may appear near the maximum slope of the modulation curve, and the laser frequency with shift about the space of the longitudinal modes before mode hopping. In addition, both the threshold frequency of the optical frequency modulation and the minimal frequency shift, which can triggered a mode hop, increase with the pump power at the same modulation amplitude. These experimental results can provide the stable operation condition if vibration or modulation exists, and they are helpful for optimal designing of the isolated assemblage or determining the operation range under the modulation condition.
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Keywords:
- fiber laser /
- mode hopping /
- saturable absorber /
- dynamical gratings
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[2] Meng Z, Stewart G, Whitenett G 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 2179
[3] Zhang K, Kang J U 2008 Opt. Express 16 14173
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[5] Liu J, Yao J, Yao J, Yeap T H 2004 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 16 1020
[6] Libatique N J C, Wang L, Jain R K 2002 Opt. Express 25 1503
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[13] Pan S, Yao J 2009 Opt. Express 17 5414
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[17] He X, Fang X, Liao C, Wang D N, Sun J 2009 Opt Express 17 21773
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[23] Otsuka K 2001 Nonlinear dynamics in Optical complex system. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
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[26] Heumier T A, Carlsten J L 1993 IEEE J. Quantum. Elect. 25 2756
[27] Sato T, Yamaoto F, Tsuji K, Takesue H, Horiguchi T 2002 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14 1001
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[29] Stepanov S, Cota F P 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2532
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[31] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 174208 (in Chinese)[徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2012 物理学报 61 174208]
[32] Ma M X, Yang H Y, Xu P, Hu Z L, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 314002 (in Chinese) [马明祥, 杨华勇, 徐攀, 胡正良, 胡永明 2012 光学学报 32 314002]
[33] Ma M X, Xu P, Wang W, Hu Y M 2012 Chinese J. Lasers 39 602013 (in Chinese) [马明祥, 胡正良, 徐攀, 王伟, 胡永明 2012 中国激光 39 602013]
[34] Ma M, Hu Z, Xu P, Wang W, Hu Y 2012 Appl. Optics 51 7420
[35] Ma M, Hu Z, Xu P, Hu Y 2011 Induced mode hopping phenomenon via resonant cavity disturbances in ultra-narrow linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers Beijing: SPIE 2011
[36] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 814001 (in Chinese) [徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2012 光学学报 32 814001]
[37] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 120860 (in Chinese) [徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2013 光学学报 33 120860]
[38] Xu P, Hu Z, Ma M, Jiang N, Hu Y 2013 Optics & Laser Technology 49 33
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[1] Cheng Y, Kringlebotn J T, Loh W H, Laming R I, Payne D N 1995 Opt. Lett. 20 875
[2] Meng Z, Stewart G, Whitenett G 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 2179
[3] Zhang K, Kang J U 2008 Opt. Express 16 14173
[4] Kang M S, Lee M S, Yong J C, Kim B Y 2006 J. Lightwave Technol. 24 1812
[5] Liu J, Yao J, Yao J, Yeap T H 2004 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 16 1020
[6] Libatique N J C, Wang L, Jain R K 2002 Opt. Express 25 1503
[7] Song Y W, Havstad S A, Starodubov D, Xie Y, Willner A E, Feinberg J 2001 IEEE Photon. Tech. Lett. 13 1167
[8] Yu B L, Qian J R, Luo J T, Sun Z P, Yang L H 2001 Chinese J. Quantum Elect 18 345 (in Chinese) [俞本立, 钱景仁, 罗家童, 孙志培, 杨瀛海 2001 量子电子学报 18 345]
[9] Frisken S J 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 1776
[10] Feuer M D 1998 IEEE Photonic Tech. L. 10 1587
[11] Frisken S J 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 1776
[12] Horowitz M, Daisy R, Fischer B, Zyskind J L 1994 Opt. Lett. 19 1406
[13] Pan S, Yao J 2009 Opt. Express 17 5414
[14] Sun J, Yuan X, Zhang X, Huang D 2007 Opt. Commun. 231
[15] Meng Z, Hu Z, Hu Y, Xiong S, Cao C 2007 Fast-turning narrow-linewidth all polarization maintaining fiber ring laser: Laser Source Technology for Defense and Security III, Proc. of SPIE[Z]. 2007: 6552
[16] Wu B, Liu Y Z, Liu S, Zhang Q S 2007 J. Optoelectronics. Laser 7 770 (in Chinese) [伍波, 刘永智, 刘爽, 张谦述, 代志勇 2007 光电子 7 770]
[17] He X, Fang X, Liao C, Wang D N, Sun J 2009 Opt Express 17 21773
[18] Y W Song S M I S, Y Xie, A E Willner, Feinberg J 2001 IEEE Photonic Tech. L. 13 2001
[19] Chien H, Yeh C, Lee C, Chi S 2005 Opt. Commun. 250 163
[20] Ohtsu M, Teramachi Y, Otsuka Y, Osaki A 1986 IEEE J. Quantum. Elect. 22 535
[21] Willemsen M B, Khalid M U F, van Exter M P, Woerdman J P 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4815
[22] Beri S, Gelens L, Mestre M, Van der Sande G, Verschaffelt G, Scir A, Mezosi G, Sorel M, Danckaert J 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 93903
[23] Otsuka K 2001 Nonlinear dynamics in Optical complex system. Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers
[24] Virte M, Panajotov K, Thienpont H, Sciamanna M 2013 Nat. Photonics 7 60
[25] Lang R, Kobayashi K 1980 IEEE J. Quantum. Elect. 16 347
[26] Heumier T A, Carlsten J L 1993 IEEE J. Quantum. Elect. 25 2756
[27] Sato T, Yamaoto F, Tsuji K, Takesue H, Horiguchi T 2002 IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 14 1001
[28] Tan Y D, Zhang S L 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 2124 (in Chinese)[谈宜东, 张书练 2007 物理学报 56 2124]
[29] Stepanov S, Cota F P 2007 Opt. Lett. 32 2532
[30] Xu P, Hu Z, Jiang N, Ma L, Hu Y 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 1992
[31] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 174208 (in Chinese)[徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2012 物理学报 61 174208]
[32] Ma M X, Yang H Y, Xu P, Hu Z L, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 314002 (in Chinese) [马明祥, 杨华勇, 徐攀, 胡正良, 胡永明 2012 光学学报 32 314002]
[33] Ma M X, Xu P, Wang W, Hu Y M 2012 Chinese J. Lasers 39 602013 (in Chinese) [马明祥, 胡正良, 徐攀, 王伟, 胡永明 2012 中国激光 39 602013]
[34] Ma M, Hu Z, Xu P, Wang W, Hu Y 2012 Appl. Optics 51 7420
[35] Ma M, Hu Z, Xu P, Hu Y 2011 Induced mode hopping phenomenon via resonant cavity disturbances in ultra-narrow linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers Beijing: SPIE 2011
[36] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2012 Acta Opt. Sin. 32 814001 (in Chinese) [徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2012 光学学报 32 814001]
[37] Xu P, Hu Z L, Ma M X, Jiang N, Hu Y M 2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 120860 (in Chinese) [徐攀, 胡正良, 马明祥, 姜暖, 胡永明 2013 光学学报 33 120860]
[38] Xu P, Hu Z, Ma M, Jiang N, Hu Y 2013 Optics & Laser Technology 49 33
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