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This paper mainly solves the photon polarization encoding problem of quantum key distribution (QKD) between different media. The influence of the transmission rate of different photon component on quantum bit error rate (QBER) has been quantitatively analyzed, with a practical analysis of QBER of QKD between air and water. Furthermore, we have put forward a single-photon compensation scheme for eliminating such non-ideal BB84 protocol, as well as a more robust and practical dual-photon encoding scheme to offset such interfacial non-unitary noise. This takes an important step towards the air-sea-ground wide area quantum communication in the future.
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Keywords:
- quantum key distribution /
- different media /
- Fresnel /
- s formula
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[2] Ekert A K 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661
[3] Wang X B 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 230503
[4] Lo H K, Ma X F, Chen K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 230504
[5] Ma X F, Qi B, Zhao Y, Lo H K 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 012326
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[1] Bennett C H, Brassard G 1984 Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computers, Systems and Signal Processing Bangalore, India, 12-15, December 1984 p175
[2] Ekert A K 1991 Phys. Rev. Lett. 67 661
[3] Wang X B 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 230503
[4] Lo H K, Ma X F, Chen K 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 230504
[5] Ma X F, Qi B, Zhao Y, Lo H K 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 012326
[6] Zhao Y, Qi B, Ma X F, Lo H K, Qian L 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 96 070502
[7] Peng C Z, Zhang J, Yang D, Gao W B, Ma H X, Yin H, Zeng H P, Yang T, Wang X B, Pan J W 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 010505
[8] Rosenberg D, Harrington J W, Rice P R, Hiskett P A, Peterson C G, Hughes R J, Lita A E, Nam S W, Nordholt J E 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 010503
[9] Schmitt-Manderbach T, Weier H, Frst M, Ursin R, Tiefenbacher F, Scheidl T, Perdigues J, Sodnik Z, Kurtsiefer C, Rarity J G, Zeilinger A, Weinfurter H 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 010504
[10] Yuan Z L, Sharpe A W, Shields A J 2007 Appl. Phys. Lett. 90 011118
[11] Wang Q, Chen W, Xavier G, Swillo M, Zhang T, Sauge S, Tengner M, Han Z F, Guo G C, Karlsson A 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 090501
[12] Lo H K, Ltkenhaus N 2007 Phys. Canada 63 191
[13] Gottesman D, Lo H K, Ltkenhaus N, Preskill J 2004 Quantum Inf. Comput. 4 325
[14] Inamori H, Ltkenhaus N, Mayers D 2007 European Phys. J. D 41 599
[15] Brassard G, Ltkenhaus N, Mor T, Sanders B C 2000 Advances in Cryptology-Eurocrypt 1807 289
[16] Takesue H, Nam S W, Zhang Q, Hadfield R H, Honjo T, Tamaki K, Yamamoto Y 2007 Nat. Photonics 1 343
[17] Liu Y, Chen T Y, Wang J, Cai W Q, Wan X, Chen L K, Wang J H, Liu S B, Liang H, Yang L, Peng C Z, Chen K, Chen Z B, Pan J W 2010 Opt. Express 18 8587
[18] Wang S, Chen W, Guo J F, Yin Z Q, Li H W, Zhou Z, Guo G C, Han Z F 2012 Opt. Lett. 37 1008
[19] Chen T Y, Liang H, Liu Y, Cai W Q, Ju L, Liu W Y, Wang J, Yin H, Chen K, Chen Z B, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2009 Opt. Express 17 6540
[20] Chen T Y, Wang J, Liang H, Liu W Y, Liu Y, Jiang X, Wang Y, Wan X, Cai W Q, Ju L, Chen L K, Wang L J, Gao Y, Chen K, Peng C Z, Chen Z B, Pan J W 2010 Opt. Express 18 27217
[21] Yin J, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Peng C Z 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 060307 (in Chinese) [印娟, 雍海林, 吴裕平, 彭承志 2011 物理学报 60 060307]
[22] Zhao K H, Zhong X H 1984 Optics (Vol. 1) (Beijing: Peking University Press) p248 (in Chinese) [赵凯华, 钟锡华 1984 光学 [上册] (北京: 北京大学出版社) 第248 页]
[23] Yin J, Ren J G, Lu H, Cao Y, Yong H L, Wu Y P, Liu C, Liao S K, Zhou F, Jiang Y, Cai X D, Xu P, Pan G S, Jia J J, Huang Y M, Yin H, Wang J Y, Chen Y A, Peng C Z, Pan J W 2012 Nature 488 185
[24] Wang X B 2005 Phys. Rev. A 72 050304
[25] Zhang Q, Yin J, Chen T Y, Lu S, Zhang J, Li X Q, Yang T, Wang X B, Pan J W 2006 Phys. Rev. A 73 020301
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