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Rayleigh scattering method can be used to investigate the cluster size and the cluster formation process, and its advantages are that it is easy to perform and non-disruptive. In this paper, by measuring the Rayleigh scattering intensities of clusters generated respectively in pure xenon gas and hydrogen-xenon gas mixture, the relationships of Rayleigh scattering intensity to time, backing pressure, and mixture ratio are studied, and according to these relationships, the average sizes of clusters under different conditions are estimated. Through the scaling law of the Rayleigh scattering intensity obtained in hydrogen-xenon gas mixture with respect to upstream gas pressure, i.e., I= (1.5 10-5)P6.47, the hydrogen of mixed gas is found to be conducible to the generating of xenon clusters. The advantages of hydrogen-xenon gas mixture for generating clusters are analyzed theoretically from the perspective of thermodynamics and intermolecular forces, and a new phenomenon, i.e., the hydrogen xenon gas mixture is not easy to liquefy, is found. This finding provides a new way to generate larger size clusters. Our results are expected to provide guidelines for the future experimental researches of the X-ray generated by xenon clusters and of the neutron generated by the deuterium-xenon mixture gas.
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Keywords:
- xenon clusters /
- Rayleigh scattering /
- gas mixture
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[2] Yan W C, Chen L M, Li D Z, Zhang L, Nasr A M, Dunn J, Ma Y, Huang K, Su L N, Chen M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2014 PNAS 111 5825
[3] Zhang L, Chen L M, Wang W M, Yan W C, Yuan D W, Mao J Y, Wang Z H, Liu C, Shen Z W, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Li D Z, Li Y T, Dong Q L, Lu X, Ma J L, Wei Z Y, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 014104
[4] Chen L M, Yan W C, Li D Z, Hu Z D, Zhang L, Wang W M, Nasr A M, Mao J Y, Huang K, Ma Y, Zhao J R, Ma J L, Li Y T, Lu X, Sheng Z M, Wei Z Y, Gao J, Zhang J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1912
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[6] Bang W, Barbui M, Bonasera A, Quevedo H J, Dyer G, Bernstein A C, Hagel K, Schmidt K, Gaul E, Donovan M E, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Andreoli P, Barbarino M, Kimura S, Mazzocco M, Natowitz J B, Ditmire T 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 033108
[7] Hagena O F, Obert W 1972 J. Chem. Phys. 56 1793
[8] Smith R A, Ditmire T, Tisch J W G 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3798
[9] Wang L, Wu Y C, Wang H B, Liu H J, Ge F F, Chen J B, Zheng Z J, Gu Y Q, Shi S T, Luo X B, Yang C W 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 6918 (in Chinese) [王磊, 吴玉迟, 王红斌, 刘红杰, 葛芳芳, 陈家斌, 郑志坚, 谷渝秋, 史叔廷, 罗小兵, 杨朝文 2007 物理学报 56 6918]
[10] Liu M, Lu J F, Han J F, Li J, Luo X B, Miao J W, Shi M G, Yang C W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6951 (in Chinese) [刘猛, 陆建峰, 韩纪峰, 李佳, 罗小兵, 缪竞威, 师勉恭, 杨朝文 2009 物理学报 58 6951]
[11] Fu P T, Han J F, Mu Y H, Han D, Yang C W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 053602 (in Chinese) [付鹏涛, 韩纪峰, 牟艳红, 韩丹, 杨朝文 2011 物理学报 60 053602]
[12] Liu H J, Gu Y Q, Zhou W M, Gao Y L, Shan L Q, Zhu B, Wu Y C, Jiao C Y, Li F, Cao L F, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 065203
[13] Ditmire T, Zweiback J, Yanovsky V P, Cowan T E, Hay G, Wharton K B 1999 Nature 398 489
[14] Bang W, Dyer G, Quevedo H J, Bernstein A C, Gaul E, Donovan M, Ditmire T 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 023106
[15] Last I, Jortner J 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 033401
[16] Lu H Y, Liu J S, Wang C, Wang W T, Zhou Z L, Deng A H, Xia C Q, Xu Y, Leng Y X, Ni G Q, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 083107
[17] Kandadai N K 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (USA: The University of Texas at Austin)
[18] Wormer J, Guzielski V, Stapelfeldt J, Moller T 1989 Chem. Phys.Lett. 159 321
[19] Hagena O F 1987 Z. Phys. D: Atoms, Molecules Clusters 4 291
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[1] Wang G H 2003 Clusters of Physics (Shanghai: Science and Technology Press) p1 (in Chinese) [王广厚 2003 团簇物理学 (上海: 科学技术出版社) 第1页]
[2] Yan W C, Chen L M, Li D Z, Zhang L, Nasr A M, Dunn J, Ma Y, Huang K, Su L N, Chen M, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2014 PNAS 111 5825
[3] Zhang L, Chen L M, Wang W M, Yan W C, Yuan D W, Mao J Y, Wang Z H, Liu C, Shen Z W, Faenov A, Pikuz T, Li D Z, Li Y T, Dong Q L, Lu X, Ma J L, Wei Z Y, Sheng Z M, Zhang J 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 014104
[4] Chen L M, Yan W C, Li D Z, Hu Z D, Zhang L, Wang W M, Nasr A M, Mao J Y, Huang K, Ma Y, Zhao J R, Ma J L, Li Y T, Lu X, Sheng Z M, Wei Z Y, Gao J, Zhang J 2013 Sci. Rep. 3 1912
[5] Ditmire T, Zweiback J, Yanovsky V P, Cowan T E, Hays G, Wharton K B 2000 Phys. Plasmas 7 1993
[6] Bang W, Barbui M, Bonasera A, Quevedo H J, Dyer G, Bernstein A C, Hagel K, Schmidt K, Gaul E, Donovan M E, Consoli F, De Angelis R, Andreoli P, Barbarino M, Kimura S, Mazzocco M, Natowitz J B, Ditmire T 2013 Phys. Rev. E 88 033108
[7] Hagena O F, Obert W 1972 J. Chem. Phys. 56 1793
[8] Smith R A, Ditmire T, Tisch J W G 1998 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 69 3798
[9] Wang L, Wu Y C, Wang H B, Liu H J, Ge F F, Chen J B, Zheng Z J, Gu Y Q, Shi S T, Luo X B, Yang C W 2007 Acta Phys. Sin. 56 6918 (in Chinese) [王磊, 吴玉迟, 王红斌, 刘红杰, 葛芳芳, 陈家斌, 郑志坚, 谷渝秋, 史叔廷, 罗小兵, 杨朝文 2007 物理学报 56 6918]
[10] Liu M, Lu J F, Han J F, Li J, Luo X B, Miao J W, Shi M G, Yang C W 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6951 (in Chinese) [刘猛, 陆建峰, 韩纪峰, 李佳, 罗小兵, 缪竞威, 师勉恭, 杨朝文 2009 物理学报 58 6951]
[11] Fu P T, Han J F, Mu Y H, Han D, Yang C W 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 053602 (in Chinese) [付鹏涛, 韩纪峰, 牟艳红, 韩丹, 杨朝文 2011 物理学报 60 053602]
[12] Liu H J, Gu Y Q, Zhou W M, Gao Y L, Shan L Q, Zhu B, Wu Y C, Jiao C Y, Li F, Cao L F, Zhang B H, Zheng Z J 2011 Chin. Phys. B 20 065203
[13] Ditmire T, Zweiback J, Yanovsky V P, Cowan T E, Hay G, Wharton K B 1999 Nature 398 489
[14] Bang W, Dyer G, Quevedo H J, Bernstein A C, Gaul E, Donovan M, Ditmire T 2013 Phys. Rev. E 87 023106
[15] Last I, Jortner J 2001 Phys. Rev. Lett. 87 033401
[16] Lu H Y, Liu J S, Wang C, Wang W T, Zhou Z L, Deng A H, Xia C Q, Xu Y, Leng Y X, Ni G Q, Li R X, Xu Z Z 2009 Phys. Plasmas 16 083107
[17] Kandadai N K 2012 Ph. D. Dissertation (USA: The University of Texas at Austin)
[18] Wormer J, Guzielski V, Stapelfeldt J, Moller T 1989 Chem. Phys.Lett. 159 321
[19] Hagena O F 1987 Z. Phys. D: Atoms, Molecules Clusters 4 291
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