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In order to realize the combination of the coherent high power microwave, an S-band high gain relativistic klystron amplifier with high phase stability is presented and studied theoretically and experimentally. The phase characteristics of the output microwave are explored in particle-in-cell code and experiment. The experimental results accord well with the simulation results, which indicates that the parasitic oscillation excited by retrograde electrons is the main cause of phase variation in the development of high-gain relativistic klystron with high phase stability. When the input RF power is 10 kW, a microwave pulse with about ± 10° in relative phase difference fluctuation between output and input is obtained in experiment. And the corresponding locking duration is about 90 ns. Accordingly, the expectation of power combination efficiency of 10 high-gain relativistic klystron amplifiers can be achieved to be 99% with continuous uniform distribution of random relative phase difference.
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Keywords:
- relativistic klystron amplifier /
- phase characteristics /
- power combination /
- retrograde electrons
[1] Bugaev S P, Cherepenin V A, Kanavets V I 1990 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18 525
[2] Friedman M, Krall J, Lau Y Y, Serlin V 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 171
[3] Benford J, Swegle J, Schamiloglu E 2007 High Power Microwaves (2nd Ed.) (New Mexico: CRC Press) p313
[4] Woo W, Benford J, Fittinghoff D 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 65 861
[5] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Song W, Zhang X W, Shun J, Song Z M, Zhang L J, Zhang L G 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 013301
[6] Teng Y, Song W, Sun J, Xiao R Z, Song Z M 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 043303
[7] Huang H, Feng D C, Luo G Y 2007 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 384
[8] Yang Z P, Bian Q Q 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6141 (in Chinese) [杨振萍, 边清泉 2009 物理学报 58 6141]
[9] Huang H, Guo Y H, Jin X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 035201 (in Chinese) [黄华, 郭焱华, 金晓 2011 物理学报 60 035201]
[10] Wu Y, Xie H Q, Xu Z 2014 Chin. Phys. C 38 017001
[11] Wu Y, Xu Z, Jin X, Li Z H, Tang C X 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 023102
[12] Wu Y, Xu Z, Jin X, Li Z H, Tang C X 2012 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40 2762
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[1] Bugaev S P, Cherepenin V A, Kanavets V I 1990 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 18 525
[2] Friedman M, Krall J, Lau Y Y, Serlin V 1990 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 61 171
[3] Benford J, Swegle J, Schamiloglu E 2007 High Power Microwaves (2nd Ed.) (New Mexico: CRC Press) p313
[4] Woo W, Benford J, Fittinghoff D 1989 J. Appl. Phys. 65 861
[5] Xiao R Z, Chen C H, Song W, Zhang X W, Shun J, Song Z M, Zhang L J, Zhang L G 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 013301
[6] Teng Y, Song W, Sun J, Xiao R Z, Song Z M 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 043303
[7] Huang H, Feng D C, Luo G Y 2007 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 35 384
[8] Yang Z P, Bian Q Q 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 6141 (in Chinese) [杨振萍, 边清泉 2009 物理学报 58 6141]
[9] Huang H, Guo Y H, Jin X 2011 Acta Phys. Sin. 60 035201 (in Chinese) [黄华, 郭焱华, 金晓 2011 物理学报 60 035201]
[10] Wu Y, Xie H Q, Xu Z 2014 Chin. Phys. C 38 017001
[11] Wu Y, Xu Z, Jin X, Li Z H, Tang C X 2012 Phys. Plasmas 19 023102
[12] Wu Y, Xu Z, Jin X, Li Z H, Tang C X 2012 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 40 2762
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