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Co/Ni multilayers with Pt underlayers have been prepared by magnetron sputtering technique, and their perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) was studied by the anomalous Hall effect (AHE). The PMA of the samples can be studied by the intensity of Hall signal (RHall), remanence ratio (Mr/Ms), coercivity (HC) and the squarefless of the samples in the Hall hysteresis loops. A clear PMA is observed in the as-deposited amorphous Co/Ni multilayers. The PMA of Co/Ni multilayers is strongly dependent on the thicknesses of Pt, Co, and Ni, and the number of Co/Ni bilayers. After testing, the thicknesses of Pt, Co, and Ni, and the periodic number (n) of Co/Ni bilayers are determined to be 2 nm, 0.2 nm, 0.4 nm and 1 respectively. The optimum Co/Ni multilayer with excellent performance of PMA has a structureflexpressed as Pt(2)/Co(0.2)/Ni(0.4)/Co(0.2)/Pt(2). The hysteresis loop of the sample with the field applied in plane is tested, showing the characteristics of hard axis typically. PMA can be measured by the anisotropy constant Keff which is determined by the competition of the interface anisotropy to the volume anisotropy. If the interface anisotropy is dominant, the sample will have PMA. The anisotropy constant Keff of Pt(2)/Co(0.2)/Ni(0.4)/Co(0.2)/Pt(2) is 3.6×105 J/m3, illustrating that it has an excellent PMA, and the interface anisotropy of Co/Ni is the main factor that makes Keff a larger value. Since the thickness of magnetic layer in the optimum sample is only 0.8 nm and the total thickness of it less than 5 nm, the integration of the device can be studied further. Furthermore, the coercivity of an optimum Co/Ni multilayered sample is relatively small and can be increased by inserting an oxidation layer or by other ways.
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Keywords:
- Co/Ni multilayers /
- perpendicular magnetic anisotropy /
- anomalous Hall effect /
- anisotropy constant
[1] Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 122508
[2] Mangin S, Ravelosona D, Katine J A, Carey M J, Terris B D 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 210
[3] Meng H, Wang J P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 172506
[4] Kou S P, Lu R, Liang J Q 2003 Chin. Phys. Lett. 19 1525
[5] Yu R, Zhang W, Weng H M, Dai X, Fang Z 2010 Phys. 39 618 (in Chinese) [余睿, 张薇, 翁红明, 戴希, 方忠 2010 物理 39 618]
[6] Kohn W, Luttinger J M 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 590
[7] Luttinger J M 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 739
[8] Berger L 1970 Phys. Rev. B 2 4959
[9] Smith J 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2349
[10] Berger L 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2351
[11] Smith J 1976 Phys. Rev. B 17 1450
[12] McGuire T R, Gambino R J, Handley R C O 1980 The Hall Effect and Its Applications (Vol. 1) (New York: Plenum Publishing Corp.) pp137
[13] Carvello B, Ducruet C, Rodmacq B, Auffret S, Gautier E, Gaudin G, Dieny B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 102508
[14] Seki T, Mitani S, Yakushiji K, Takanashi K 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 172504
[15] Zhang X, Shi L, Li J, Xia Y J, Shi Z, Zhou S M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 117803
[16] Chen W, Beaujour J M L, Loubens G, Keni A D, Sun J Z 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 012507
[17] Thiyagarajah N, Bae S, Joo H W, Han Y C, Kim J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 062504
[18] Van Dijken S, Crofton M, CzaPkiewiez M, Zoladz M, Stobiecki T 2006 J. Appl.Phys. 99 083901
[19] Mishra S K, Radu F, Valencia S, Schmitz D, Schierle E, Drr H A, Eberhardt W 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 212404
[20] Chen X, Liu H F, Han X F, Ji Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 137501 (in Chinese) [陈希, 刘厚方, 韩秀峰, 姬扬 2013 物理学报 62 137501]
[21] Nakayama, Kai T, Shimomura N, Amano M, Kitagawa E, Nagase T, Yoshikawa M, Kishi T, Ikegawa S, Yoda H 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 07A710
[22] Ueda K, Koyama T, Hiramatsu R, Chiba D, Fukami S, Tanigawa H, Suzuki T, Ohshima N, Ishiwata N, Nakatani Y, Ono T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 202407
[23] Ryu K-S, Thomas L, Yang S-H, Parkin S S P 2012 Appl. Phys. Express. 5 093006
[24] Lavrijsen R, Haazen P P J, Mure E, Franken J H, Kohlhepp J T, Swagten H J M, Koopsmans B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 262408
[25] Tanigawa H, Ohshima N, Suzuki T, Suemitsu K, Kariyada E 2012 J. Appl. Phys., Part 1. 51 100202
[26] Wang R X, Xiao Y C, Zhao J L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 217601 (in Chinese) [王日兴, 肖运昌, 赵婧莉 2014 物理学报 63 217601]
[27] Zhang P, Xie K X, Lin W W, Wu D, Sang H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 082404
[28] Ding Y F, Jack H, Judy, Wang J P 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 10J117
[29] Jungblut R, oehoorn R C, Johnson M T, Johnson aan de Stegge J, Reinders A 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6659
[30] Fu Y Q, Liu Y, Jin C, Yu G H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7977 (in Chinese) [付艳强, 刘洋, 金川于广华 2009 物理学报 58 7977]
[31] Johnsony M T, Bloemenzx P J H, Broedery F J A, Vries J J 1996 Rep. Prog. Phys. 59 1409
[32] Liu S, Ju H L, Yu G H, Li B H, Chen X B 2014 Chin. J. R. Mater. 38 762 (in Chinese) [刘帅, 俱海浪, 于广华, 李宝河, 陈晓白 2014 稀有金属 38 762]
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[1] Liu L, Moriyama T, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 122508
[2] Mangin S, Ravelosona D, Katine J A, Carey M J, Terris B D 2006 Nat. Mater. 5 210
[3] Meng H, Wang J P 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 172506
[4] Kou S P, Lu R, Liang J Q 2003 Chin. Phys. Lett. 19 1525
[5] Yu R, Zhang W, Weng H M, Dai X, Fang Z 2010 Phys. 39 618 (in Chinese) [余睿, 张薇, 翁红明, 戴希, 方忠 2010 物理 39 618]
[6] Kohn W, Luttinger J M 1957 Phys. Rev. 108 590
[7] Luttinger J M 1958 Phys. Rev. 112 739
[8] Berger L 1970 Phys. Rev. B 2 4959
[9] Smith J 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2349
[10] Berger L 1973 Phys. Rev. B 8 2351
[11] Smith J 1976 Phys. Rev. B 17 1450
[12] McGuire T R, Gambino R J, Handley R C O 1980 The Hall Effect and Its Applications (Vol. 1) (New York: Plenum Publishing Corp.) pp137
[13] Carvello B, Ducruet C, Rodmacq B, Auffret S, Gautier E, Gaudin G, Dieny B 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 102508
[14] Seki T, Mitani S, Yakushiji K, Takanashi K 2006 Appl. Phys. Lett. 88 172504
[15] Zhang X, Shi L, Li J, Xia Y J, Shi Z, Zhou S M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 117803
[16] Chen W, Beaujour J M L, Loubens G, Keni A D, Sun J Z 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 012507
[17] Thiyagarajah N, Bae S, Joo H W, Han Y C, Kim J 2008 Appl. Phys. Lett. 92 062504
[18] Van Dijken S, Crofton M, CzaPkiewiez M, Zoladz M, Stobiecki T 2006 J. Appl.Phys. 99 083901
[19] Mishra S K, Radu F, Valencia S, Schmitz D, Schierle E, Drr H A, Eberhardt W 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 212404
[20] Chen X, Liu H F, Han X F, Ji Y 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 137501 (in Chinese) [陈希, 刘厚方, 韩秀峰, 姬扬 2013 物理学报 62 137501]
[21] Nakayama, Kai T, Shimomura N, Amano M, Kitagawa E, Nagase T, Yoshikawa M, Kishi T, Ikegawa S, Yoda H 2008 J. Appl. Phys. 103 07A710
[22] Ueda K, Koyama T, Hiramatsu R, Chiba D, Fukami S, Tanigawa H, Suzuki T, Ohshima N, Ishiwata N, Nakatani Y, Ono T 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 202407
[23] Ryu K-S, Thomas L, Yang S-H, Parkin S S P 2012 Appl. Phys. Express. 5 093006
[24] Lavrijsen R, Haazen P P J, Mure E, Franken J H, Kohlhepp J T, Swagten H J M, Koopsmans B 2012 Appl. Phys. Lett. 100 262408
[25] Tanigawa H, Ohshima N, Suzuki T, Suemitsu K, Kariyada E 2012 J. Appl. Phys., Part 1. 51 100202
[26] Wang R X, Xiao Y C, Zhao J L 2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 217601 (in Chinese) [王日兴, 肖运昌, 赵婧莉 2014 物理学报 63 217601]
[27] Zhang P, Xie K X, Lin W W, Wu D, Sang H 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 104 082404
[28] Ding Y F, Jack H, Judy, Wang J P 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 97 10J117
[29] Jungblut R, oehoorn R C, Johnson M T, Johnson aan de Stegge J, Reinders A 1994 J. Appl. Phys. 75 6659
[30] Fu Y Q, Liu Y, Jin C, Yu G H 2009 Acta Phys. Sin. 58 7977 (in Chinese) [付艳强, 刘洋, 金川于广华 2009 物理学报 58 7977]
[31] Johnsony M T, Bloemenzx P J H, Broedery F J A, Vries J J 1996 Rep. Prog. Phys. 59 1409
[32] Liu S, Ju H L, Yu G H, Li B H, Chen X B 2014 Chin. J. R. Mater. 38 762 (in Chinese) [刘帅, 俱海浪, 于广华, 李宝河, 陈晓白 2014 稀有金属 38 762]
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