Recent progress in Rashba spin orbit coupling on metal surface

Gong Shi-Jing; Duan Chun-Gang

doi:10.7498/aps.64.187103

Abstract

Spin-orbit coupling (SOC) is a bridge between the spin and orbital of an electron. Through SOC, spin of the electron can possibly be controlled throuth external electric fields. It is found that many novel physical phenomena in solids are related with SOC, for example, the magnetic anisotropy of magnetic materials, the spin Hall effect, and the topological insulator, etc. In the surface of solid or at the interface of heterostructure, Rashba SOC is induced by the structure inversion asymmetry. It was observed first in semiconductor heterostructure, which has an inversion asymmetric potential at the interface. Because Rashba SOC at the interface can be easily controlled through gate voltage, it is of great significance in the field of electric control of magnetism. Metal surface subsequent to semiconductor becomes another main stream with large Rashba SOC. In this paper, we review the recent progress in Rashba SOC in metal surfaces, including both the magnetic and nonmagnetic metal surfaces. We demonstrate the findings in Au(111), Bi(111), Gd(0001), etc., and discuss the possible factors that could influence Rashba SOC, including the surface potential gradient, atom number, the symmetry of the surface wavefunction, and the hybridization between the different orbitals in the surface states, etc. We also discuss the manipulation of Rashba SOC through electric field or surface decoration. In addition, on magnetic surface, there coexist Rashba SOC and magnetic exchange interaction, which provides the possibility of controlling magnetic properties by electric field through Rashba SOC. The angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy and the first-principles calculations based on density functional theory are the two main methods to investigate the Rashba SOC. We review the results obtained by these two approaches and provide a thorough understanding of the Rashba SOC in metal surface.

Keywords:

Rashba /
spin orbit coupling /
metal surface /
angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

Authors and contacts

1.
Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, School of Information Science Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China

Corresponding author: Duan Chun-Gang, cgduan@clpm.ecnu.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2014CB921104, 2013CB922301), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61125403), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (Grant No. 14ZR1412700), and the Program of Academic Leaders of Shanghai, China.

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[55]	Wan J Z, Hang C D, Wen Y T, Shi J G, Xian G W, Chun G D 2015 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27 076003
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Cited By

[1]	Han X F, et al 2014 NanoScience and Technology: Introduction of Spintronics (Beijing: Science Press) (in Chinese) [韩秀峰等 2014 纳米科学与技术: 自旋电子学导论 (北京: 科学出版社)]
[2]	Datta S, Das B 1990 Appl. Phys. Lett. 56 665
[3]	Koga T, Nitta J, Takayanagi H 2002 Phys. Rev. Lett. 88
[4]	Gong S J, Yang Z Q 2007 J. Appl. Phys. 102 033706
[5]	Nitta J, Koga T 2003 J. Supercond. 16 689
[6]	Hirsch J E 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 83 1834
[7]	Wunderlich J, Kaestner B, Sinova J, Jungwirth T 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 94 047204
[8]	Kato Y K, Myers R C, Gossard A C, Awschalom D D 2004 Science 306 1910
[9]	Seki T, Hasegawa Y, Mitani S, Takahashi S, Imamura H, Maekawa S, Nitta J, Takanashi K 2008 Nat. Mater. 7 125
[10]	Kimura T, Otani Y, Sato T, Takahashi S, Maekawa S 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 156601
[11]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95
[12]	Bernevig B A, Hughes T L, Zhang S C 2006 Science 314 1757
[13]	Hasan M Z, Kane C L 2010 Rev. Mod. Phys. 82 3045
[14]	Kane C L, Mele E J 2005 Phys. Rev. Lett. 95 146802
[15]	Koga T, Nitta J, Marcet S 2003 J. Supercond. 16 331
[16]	Kohda M, Shibata T, Nitta J 2010 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 49
[17]	Nitta J, Akazaki T, Takayanagi H, Enoki T 1998 Physica E 2 527
[18]	Bihlmayer G, Koroteev Y M, Echenique P M, Chulkov E V, Blgel S 2006 Surf. Sci. 600 3888
[19]	Bendounan A, Aït-Mansour K, Braun J, Minár J, Bornemann S, Fasel R, Gröning O, Sirotti F, Ebert H 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 195427
[20]	Krupin O, Bihlmayer G, Starke K, Gorovikov S, Prieto J E, Döbrich K, Blgel S, Kaindl G 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 201403
[21]	Krupin O, Bihlmayer G, Döbrich K M, Prieto J E, Starke K, Gorovikov S, Blgel S, Kevan S, Kaindl G 2009 New J. Phys. 11 013035
[22]	Varykhalov A, Marchenko D, Scholz M R, Rienks E D L, Kim T K, Bihlmayer G, Sánchez-Barriga J, Rader O 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 066804
[23]	Gong S J, Ding H C, Zhu W J, Duan C G, Zhu Z, Chu J 2013 Sci. China: Phys. Mech. Astron. 56 232
[24]	Winkler R 2003 Spin-orbit Coupling Effects in Two-dimensional Electron and Hole Systems (Berlin, New York: Springer)
[25]	LaShell S, McDougall B A, Jensen E 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 3419
[26]	Nagano M, Kodama A, Shishidou T, Oguchi T 2009 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 21 064239
[27]	Nicolay G, Reinert F, Hfner S, Blaha P 2001 Phys. Rev. B 65 033407
[28]	Koroteev Y M, Bihlmayer G, Gayone J E, Chulkov E V, Blgel S, Echenique P M, Hofmann P 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 046403
[29]	Shikin A M, Rybkina A A, Rusinova M V, Klimovskikh I I, Rybkin A G, Zhizhin E V, Chulkov E V, Krasovskii E E 2013 New J. Phys. 15 125014
[30]	Gong S J, Li Z Y, Yang Z Q, Gong C, Duan C G, Chu J H 2011 J. Appl. Phys. 110 043704
[31]	Mazzarello R, Corso A D, Tosatti E 2008 Surf. Sci. 602 893
[32]	Lee H, Choi H J 2012 Phys. Rev. B 86 045437
[33]	Hofmann P 2006 Prog. Surf. Sci. 81 191
[34]	Nagao T, Sadowski J T, Saito M, Yaginuma S, Fujikawa Y, Kogure T, Ohno T, Hasegawa Y, Hasegawa S, Sakurai T 2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 105501
[35]	Krenzer B, Hanisch-Blicharski A, Schneider P, Payer T, Möllenbeck S, Osmani O, Kammler M, Meyer R, Horn-von Hoegen M 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 024307
[36]	Koroteev Y M, Bihlmayer G, Chulkov E V, Blgel S 2008 Phys. Rev. B 77 045428
[37]	Ohtsubo Y, Mauchain J, Faure J, Papalazarou E, Marsi M, Le Fèvre P, Bertran F, Taleb-Ibrahimi A, Perfetti L 2012 Phys. Rev. Lett. 109 226404
[38]	Murakami S 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 236805
[39]	Wada M, Murakami S, Freimuth F, Bihlmayer G 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 121310
[40]	Liu Z, Liu C X, Wu Y S, Duan W H, Liu F, Wu J 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 136805
[41]	Xu L, Zhang S 2012 J. Appl. Phys. 111 07C501
[42]	Li Y X, Guo Y, Li B Z 2005 Phys. Rev. B 71 012406
[43]	Xing M J, Jalil M B A, Tan S G, Jiang Y 2012 AIP Advances 2 032147
[44]	Barnes S E, Ieda J I, Maekawa S 2014 Sci. Rep. 4 4105
[45]	Nitta J, Bergsten T 2007 IEEE T. Electron. Dev. 54 955
[46]	Park S R, Kim C H, Yu J, Han J H, Kim C 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 156803
[47]	Gong S J, Duan C G, Zhu Y, Zhu Z Q, Chu J H 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 035403
[48]	Ishida H 2014 Phys. Rev. B 90 235422
[49]	Yang W, Chang K 2006 Phys. Rev. B 74 193314
[50]	Duan C G, Velev J P, Sabirianov R F, Zhu Z, Chu J, Jaswal S S, Tsymbal E Y 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 101 137201
[51]	Mirhosseini H, Maznichenko I V, Abdelouahed S, Ostanin S, Ernst A, Mertig I, Henk J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 81 073406
[52]	Abdelouahed S, Henk J 2010 Phys. Rev. B 82 193411
[53]	Andreev T, Barke I, Hövel H 2004 Phys. Rev. B 70 205426
[54]	Du Y, Ding H C, Sheng L, Savrasov S Y, Wan X, Duan C G 2014 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 26 025503
[55]	Wan J Z, Hang C D, Wen Y T, Shi J G, Xian G W, Chun G D 2015 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 27 076003
[56]	Anisimov V I, Zaanen J, Andersen O K 1991 Phys. Rev. B 44 943
[57]	Rotenberg E, Chung J W, Kevan S D 1999 Phys. Rev. Lett. 82 4066
[58]	Dedkov Y S, Fonin M, Rdiger U, Laubschat C 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 107602
[59]	Vajna S, Simon E, Szilva A, Palotas K, Ujfalussy B, Szunyogh L 2012 Phys. Rev. B 85 075404
[60]	Bian G, Wang X, Miller T, Chiang T C 2013 Phys. Rev. B 88 085427
[61]	Ast C R, Henk J, Ernst A, Moreschini L, Falub M C, Pacilé D, Bruno P, Kern K, Grioni M 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett. 98 186807
[62]	Nitta J, Akazaki T, Takayanagi H, Enoki T 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 1335
[63]	Cercellier H, Didiot C, Fagot-Revurat Y, Kierren B, Moreau L, Malterre D, Reinert F 2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 195413
[64]	Popovié D, Reinert F, Hfner S, Grigoryan V G, Springborg M, Cercellier H, Fagot-Revurat Y, Kierren B, Malterre D 2005 Phys. Rev. B 72 045419

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