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In order to generate a submicron localized hollow laser beam and realize the more efficient laser cooling and trapping of a single atom, a simple and promising scheme with using the system of a single mode fiber a circle binary phase plate and a microlens is proposed in this paper. From Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction theory, the intensity distribution of the generated localized hollow laser beam near the focal plane and its propagating properties in free space are calculated. Also, the dependences of the dark-spot size of the localized hollow beam on the mode radius of single mode fiber and the focal length of the mocrolens are studied. The calculated results show that the intensity distribution of the localized hollow beam presents approximately symmstrical distribution near the focal plane. In the center of the focal plane, the light intensity is 0 and increases gradually around it. So a closed spherical light field (i.e., localized hollow laser beam) with a radius of 0.4 m is generated. The calculated results also show that the dark-spot size of the localized hollow laser beam decreases with the increasing of the microlens focal length and the decreasing of the single mode fiber mode radius. So proper parameters of this optical system can be chosen to generate localized hollow laser beams with different sizes for various applications. When the localized hollow laser beam is blue detuned, atoms will be trapped in the minimum light filed. If a repumping laser beam is applied, the trapped atoms will be also cooled by the intensity-gradient Sisyphus cooling. In this paper, we build a device for trapping and cooling a single atom by using the generated blue detuned submicron localized hollow laser beam. We study the dynamical process of intensity-gradient cooling of a single 87Rb atom trapped in the localized hollow beam by Monte-Carlo method. Our study shows that a single 87Rb atom with a temperature of 120 K (the corresponding momentum is 30ħk) from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) can be directly cooled to a final tempreture of ～ 5.8 K (the corresponding momentum is ～ 6.6ħk). So an ultracold single atom is generated and trapped in our submicro localized hollow beam. This device for obtaining ultralcold single atom can be widely uesd in the regions of the optical physics, the atom and molecule optics, such as the detecting of the fundamental physical parameters, realizing the quantum computer, studying the cold collision of singe atoms, and realizing the single atom laser.
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Keywords:
- submicron /
- localized hollow beam /
- single atom /
- intensity-gradient cooling
[1] Yin J P, Gao W J, Zhu Y F {2003 Prog. Opt. 44 119
[2] Yin J P, Liu N C, Xia Y, Yun M 2004 Prog. Phys. 24 336 (in Chinese) [印建平, 刘南春, 夏勇, 恽旻 2004 物理学进展 24 336]
[3] Ito H, Sakaki K, Jhe W, Ohstu M 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 712
[4] Power W L, Allen L, Babiler M 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 479
[5] Lee H S, Stewart B W, Choi K, Fenichel H 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 4922
[6] Hechenberg N R, McDuff R, Smith C P, White A G 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 221
[7] Wang X, Littman M G 1993 Opt. Lett. 18 767
[8] Yin J P, Noh H R, Lee K L, Wang Y Z, Jhe W 1997 Opt. Commun. 138 287
[9] Mamaev A V, Saffman M, Zozulya A 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 4544
[10] Du X L, Yin Y L, Zheng G J, Guo C X, Sun Y, Zhou Z N, Bai S J, Wang H L, Xia Y, Yin J P 2014 Opt. Commun. 322 179
[11] He Y L, Liu Z X, Liu Y C, Zhou J X, Ke Y G, Luo H L, Wen S C 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 5506
[12] Zhou Q, Lu J F, Yin J P 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 053701 (in Chinese) [周琦, 陆俊发, 印建平 2015 物理学报 64 053701]
[13] Ma L, Wu F T {2011 Infrared and Laser Engineering 40 1988 (in Chinese) [马亮, 吴锋铁 2011 红外与激光工程 40 1988]
[14] Du T J, Wu F T, W T, Li P, Li D, He X {2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0908001 (in Chinese) [杜团结, 吴锋铁, 王涛, 李攀, 李冬, 何西 2013 光学学报 33 0908001]
[15] Ozeri R, Khaykovich L, Davidson N 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 1750
[16] Arlt J, Padgent M J 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 191
[17] Tai P T, Hsieh W F, Chen C H 2004 Opt. Express 12 5827
[18] Zhao Y, Zhan Q, Zhang Y, Li Y P 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 848
[19] Cheng Y G, Tong J M, Zhu J P, Liu J B, Hu S, He Y 2015 Opt. Laser Eng. 77 18
[20] Hood C J, Lynn T W, Doherty A C, Parkins A S, Kimble H J 2000 Science 287 1447
[21] Tey M K, Maslennikov G, Liew T C H, Aljunid S A, Huber F, Chng B, Chen Z, Scarani V, Kurtsiefer C 2009 New J. Phys. 11 043011
[22] Maunz P, Puppe T, Schuster I, Syassen N, Pinkse P W H, Rempe G 2004 Nature 428 50
[23] Li W F, Du J J, Wen R J, Li G, Zhang T C 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 104210
[24] Boozer A D, Boca A, Miller R, Northup T E, Kimble H J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 083602
[25] Koch M, Sames C, Kubanek A, Apel M, Balbach M, Ourjoumtsev A, Pinkse P W H, Rempe G 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 173003
[26] Yin Y L, Xia Y, Ren R M, Du X L, Yin J P 2015 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 195001
[27] Manning A G, Khakimov R, Dall R G, Truscott A G 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 130403
[28] Ni Y, Yin J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 130 (in Chinese) [倪贇, 印建平 2006 物理学报 55 130]
[29] Oikawa M, Lga A, Sanada T {1981 Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 48 49
[30] Borroui N F, Morse D L, Beuman R H, et. al 1985 Appl. Opt. 24 2520
[31] Ren Z B, Lu Z W {2005 J. Laser Appl. 16 150 (in Chinese) [任智斌, 卢振武 2005 电子 16 150]
[32] Fu Y, Ngoi B K A 2001 Opt. Eng. 40 511
[33] Xu P, He X D, Wang J, Zhan M S 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2164
[34] He J, Wang J, Yang B D, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3404
[35] Wang Z L, Dai M, Yin J P 2005 Opt. Exp. 13 8406
[36] Wu F T, Cheng Z M, Wang T, Pu J X {2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0326001 (in Chinese) [吴逢铁, 程治明, 王涛, 蒲继雄 2013 光学学报 33 0326001]
[37] Mu R W, Lu S, Ji X M, Yin J P 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 80
[38] Nelson K D, Li X, Weiss D S 2007 Nature Phys. 3 556
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[1] Yin J P, Gao W J, Zhu Y F {2003 Prog. Opt. 44 119
[2] Yin J P, Liu N C, Xia Y, Yun M 2004 Prog. Phys. 24 336 (in Chinese) [印建平, 刘南春, 夏勇, 恽旻 2004 物理学进展 24 336]
[3] Ito H, Sakaki K, Jhe W, Ohstu M 1997 Phys. Rev. A 56 712
[4] Power W L, Allen L, Babiler M 1995 Phys. Rev. A 52 479
[5] Lee H S, Stewart B W, Choi K, Fenichel H 1994 Phys. Rev. A 49 4922
[6] Hechenberg N R, McDuff R, Smith C P, White A G 1992 Opt. Lett. 17 221
[7] Wang X, Littman M G 1993 Opt. Lett. 18 767
[8] Yin J P, Noh H R, Lee K L, Wang Y Z, Jhe W 1997 Opt. Commun. 138 287
[9] Mamaev A V, Saffman M, Zozulya A 1996 Phys. Rev. Lett. 77 4544
[10] Du X L, Yin Y L, Zheng G J, Guo C X, Sun Y, Zhou Z N, Bai S J, Wang H L, Xia Y, Yin J P 2014 Opt. Commun. 322 179
[11] He Y L, Liu Z X, Liu Y C, Zhou J X, Ke Y G, Luo H L, Wen S C 2015 Opt. Lett. 40 5506
[12] Zhou Q, Lu J F, Yin J P 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 053701 (in Chinese) [周琦, 陆俊发, 印建平 2015 物理学报 64 053701]
[13] Ma L, Wu F T {2011 Infrared and Laser Engineering 40 1988 (in Chinese) [马亮, 吴锋铁 2011 红外与激光工程 40 1988]
[14] Du T J, Wu F T, W T, Li P, Li D, He X {2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0908001 (in Chinese) [杜团结, 吴锋铁, 王涛, 李攀, 李冬, 何西 2013 光学学报 33 0908001]
[15] Ozeri R, Khaykovich L, Davidson N 1999 Phys. Rev. A 59 1750
[16] Arlt J, Padgent M J 2000 Opt. Lett. 25 191
[17] Tai P T, Hsieh W F, Chen C H 2004 Opt. Express 12 5827
[18] Zhao Y, Zhan Q, Zhang Y, Li Y P 2005 Opt. Lett. 30 848
[19] Cheng Y G, Tong J M, Zhu J P, Liu J B, Hu S, He Y 2015 Opt. Laser Eng. 77 18
[20] Hood C J, Lynn T W, Doherty A C, Parkins A S, Kimble H J 2000 Science 287 1447
[21] Tey M K, Maslennikov G, Liew T C H, Aljunid S A, Huber F, Chng B, Chen Z, Scarani V, Kurtsiefer C 2009 New J. Phys. 11 043011
[22] Maunz P, Puppe T, Schuster I, Syassen N, Pinkse P W H, Rempe G 2004 Nature 428 50
[23] Li W F, Du J J, Wen R J, Li G, Zhang T C 2015 Chin. Phys. Lett. 32 104210
[24] Boozer A D, Boca A, Miller R, Northup T E, Kimble H J 2006 Phys. Rev. Lett. 97 083602
[25] Koch M, Sames C, Kubanek A, Apel M, Balbach M, Ourjoumtsev A, Pinkse P W H, Rempe G 2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 105 173003
[26] Yin Y L, Xia Y, Ren R M, Du X L, Yin J P 2015 J. Phys. B:At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 48 195001
[27] Manning A G, Khakimov R, Dall R G, Truscott A G 2014 Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 130403
[28] Ni Y, Yin J P 2006 Acta Phys. Sin. 55 130 (in Chinese) [倪贇, 印建平 2006 物理学报 55 130]
[29] Oikawa M, Lga A, Sanada T {1981 Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 48 49
[30] Borroui N F, Morse D L, Beuman R H, et. al 1985 Appl. Opt. 24 2520
[31] Ren Z B, Lu Z W {2005 J. Laser Appl. 16 150 (in Chinese) [任智斌, 卢振武 2005 电子 16 150]
[32] Fu Y, Ngoi B K A 2001 Opt. Eng. 40 511
[33] Xu P, He X D, Wang J, Zhan M S 2010 Opt. Lett. 35 2164
[34] He J, Wang J, Yang B D, Zhang T C, Wang J M 2009 Chin. Phys. B 18 3404
[35] Wang Z L, Dai M, Yin J P 2005 Opt. Exp. 13 8406
[36] Wu F T, Cheng Z M, Wang T, Pu J X {2013 Acta Opt. Sin. 33 0326001 (in Chinese) [吴逢铁, 程治明, 王涛, 蒲继雄 2013 光学学报 33 0326001]
[37] Mu R W, Lu S, Ji X M, Yin J P 2009 J. Opt. Soc. Am. B 26 80
[38] Nelson K D, Li X, Weiss D S 2007 Nature Phys. 3 556
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