Search

Article

x

留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

Angular drift of the high current relativistic multi-beam in the hollow cylindrical waveguide

Wang Gan-Ping Jin Xiao Huang Hua Liu Zhen-Bang

Citation:

Angular drift of the high current relativistic multi-beam in the hollow cylindrical waveguide

Wang Gan-Ping, Jin Xiao, Huang Hua, Liu Zhen-Bang
PDF
Get Citation

(PLEASE TRANSLATE TO ENGLISH

BY GOOGLE TRANSLATE IF NEEDED.)

  • Multi-beam klystron (MBK) is a promising high power microwave device with the traits of high power, high efficiency, high frequency, etc. For the high power relativistic MBK, the multi-beam rotation around an axis may reduce the transmission efficiency obviously due to the effect of space electromagnetic field. In previous researches, the influence of mirror-image electromagnetic field is ignored, which can play a leading role in some cases. In this study, we present a method by taking into account the mirror-image effect to analyze the angular drift of multi-beam in the hollow cylindrical waveguide. The hollow cylindrical waveguide is a part of relativistic MBK such as input cavity and transition section, which is just behind the diode. In this method, the equation of the multi-beam angular drift is deduced and analyzed quantitatively. Based on the equation, the expression of the angular velocity about the multi-beam in the waveguide is derived, meanwhile the minimum equilibrium magnetic field, called Brillouin magnetic field, is obtained. To verify the effectiveness of the method, numerical simulations are carried out by the three-dimensional (3D) code and the results show good agreement with the theoretical results. The theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the mirror-image electromagnetic field can dominate the multi-beam angular motion in some conditions, especially when the number of the multi-beams and the distance between the conducting wall and the multi-beam are both small. In this case, the mirror-image electromagnetic field can be much higher than the self-induced electromagnetic field. Nevertheless, as the the number of the multi-beams or the distance between the conducting wall and the multi-beam increases, the mirror-image electromagnetic field decreases and approaches to zero rapidly and the self-induced electromagnetic field controls the angular movement. Interestingly, in general cases, it is found that the change rate of the angular speed is not related to the number of multi-beams, nor the radius of waveguide, nor the distance between the multi-beam, nor waveguide, etc, except for the accelerating voltage. In addition, we experimentally investigate the angular drift of the multi-beam at a voltage of about 670 kV, current of about 7 kA and length of waveguide about 100 mm. The experimental results show that the multi-beam distorts obviously, which changes the beam spot shape from circle to ellipse. To solve this problem, we simultaneously investigate the multi-beam emission and transmission in simulation experiment. The analogue results not only reveal that the distortion is mainly caused by the emission of the multi-cathode rods, but also provide a new phenomenon that the angular drift distance in the accelerating gap of the diode is twice as large as that in the cylindrical hollow waveguide due to the low beam speed along the axis and high electrostatic field in the accelerating region. It is also found that the distortion is more evident as the rod radius decreases. Furthermore, we propose an optimization design to improve the relativistic multi-beam system by inclining the multi-cathode rods, which is proved to be effective by simulation. This study could provide theoretical basis for studying the relativistic MBK.
      Corresponding author: Wang Gan-Ping, wanggpcaep@163.com
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.11475158) and the Science Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics (Grant No.2014B0402068).
    [1]

    Friedman M, Fernsler R, Slinker S, Hubbard R, Lampe M 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1214

    [2]

    Ding Y G 2010 Design, Manufacture and Application of High Power Klystron (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) pp7-13 (in Chinese)[丁耀根 2010 大功率速调管的制造和应用(北京:国防工业出版社)第7–13 页]

    [3]

    Benford J, Swegle J A 2008 High Power Microwave (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) pp3-5 (in Chinese)[Benford J, Swegle J A 著 2009 高功率微波(第二版) (中译本) (江伟华, 张弛译)(北京:国防工业出版社) 第3–5 页]

    [4]

    Liu Z B, Zhao Y C, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108404 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 赵欲聪, 黄华, 金晓, 雷禄容 2015 物理学报 64 108404]

    [5]

    Liu L W, Wei Y Y, Wang S M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 108401

    [6]

    Luo J R, Cui J, Zhu M, Guo W 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 067803

    [7]

    Wang Y, Ding Y G, Liu P K, Xie J X, Zhang R 2005 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 8 1133 (in Chinese)[王勇, 丁耀根, 刘濮鲲, 谢敬新, 张瑞 2005 强激光与粒子束 8 1133]

    [8]

    Khanh T N, Dean E P, David K A, George M 2005 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33 685

    [9]

    Liu Z B, Jin X, Huang H, Chen H B, Wang G P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 238402 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 金晓, 黄华, 陈怀璧, 王淦平 2012 物理学报 61 238401]

    [10]

    Xie J L, Zhao Y X 1966 Bunching Theory of Klystron (Beijing:Science Press) pp105-107 (in Chinese)[谢家麟, 赵永翔1966 速调管群聚理论(北京:科学出版社) 第105–107 页]

    [11]

    Robert J B, Edl S 2005 High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies (Beijing:Tsinghua University Press) pp282-289 (in Chinese)[Robert J B, Edl S 2005 高功率微波源与技术(中译本) (北京:清华大学出版社) 第282–289 页]

    [12]

    Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907 (in Chinese)[黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄荣, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 物理学报 59 1907]

    [13]

    Robert J B, Edl S 2005 High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies (Beijing:Tsinghua University Press) pp78-79 (in Chinese)[Robert J B, Edl S 2005 高功率微波源与技术(中译本) (北京:清华大学出版社) 第77–79 页]

  • [1]

    Friedman M, Fernsler R, Slinker S, Hubbard R, Lampe M 1995 Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 1214

    [2]

    Ding Y G 2010 Design, Manufacture and Application of High Power Klystron (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) pp7-13 (in Chinese)[丁耀根 2010 大功率速调管的制造和应用(北京:国防工业出版社)第7–13 页]

    [3]

    Benford J, Swegle J A 2008 High Power Microwave (2nd Ed.) (Beijing:National Defense Industry Press) pp3-5 (in Chinese)[Benford J, Swegle J A 著 2009 高功率微波(第二版) (中译本) (江伟华, 张弛译)(北京:国防工业出版社) 第3–5 页]

    [4]

    Liu Z B, Zhao Y C, Huang H, Jin X, Lei L R 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 108404 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 赵欲聪, 黄华, 金晓, 雷禄容 2015 物理学报 64 108404]

    [5]

    Liu L W, Wei Y Y, Wang S M 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 108401

    [6]

    Luo J R, Cui J, Zhu M, Guo W 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 067803

    [7]

    Wang Y, Ding Y G, Liu P K, Xie J X, Zhang R 2005 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 8 1133 (in Chinese)[王勇, 丁耀根, 刘濮鲲, 谢敬新, 张瑞 2005 强激光与粒子束 8 1133]

    [8]

    Khanh T N, Dean E P, David K A, George M 2005 IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 33 685

    [9]

    Liu Z B, Jin X, Huang H, Chen H B, Wang G P 2012 Acta Phys. Sin. 61 238402 (in Chinese)[刘振帮, 金晓, 黄华, 陈怀璧, 王淦平 2012 物理学报 61 238401]

    [10]

    Xie J L, Zhao Y X 1966 Bunching Theory of Klystron (Beijing:Science Press) pp105-107 (in Chinese)[谢家麟, 赵永翔1966 速调管群聚理论(北京:科学出版社) 第105–107 页]

    [11]

    Robert J B, Edl S 2005 High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies (Beijing:Tsinghua University Press) pp282-289 (in Chinese)[Robert J B, Edl S 2005 高功率微波源与技术(中译本) (北京:清华大学出版社) 第282–289 页]

    [12]

    Huang H, Luo X, Lei L R, Luo G Y, Zhang B Z, Jin X, Tan J 2010 Acta Phys. Sin. 59 1907 (in Chinese)[黄华, 罗雄, 雷禄荣, 罗光耀, 张北镇, 金晓, 谭杰 2010 物理学报 59 1907]

    [13]

    Robert J B, Edl S 2005 High Power Microwave Sources and Technologies (Beijing:Tsinghua University Press) pp78-79 (in Chinese)[Robert J B, Edl S 2005 高功率微波源与技术(中译本) (北京:清华大学出版社) 第77–79 页]

  • [1] Liu Zhen-Bang, Jin Xiao, Huang Hua, Wang Teng-Fang, Li Shi-Feng. Optimal design and experimental research of several-gigawatt multiple electron beam diode. Acta Physica Sinica, 2021, 70(3): 038401. doi: 10.7498/aps.70.20201336
    [2] Ji Le, Yang Sheng-Zhi, Cai Jie, Li Yan, Wang Xiao-Tong, Zhang Zai-Qiang, Hou Xiu-Li, Guan Qing-Feng. Damage and structural defects in the surface lager of pure molybdenum induced by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(23): 236103. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.236103
    [3] Mu Jie, Sheng Zheng-Ming, Zheng Jun, Zhang Jie. Numerical studies on intense laser-generated relativistic high-energy electrons via a thin cone target. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(13): 135202. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.135202
    [4] Cai Jie, Ji Le, Yang Sheng-Zhi, Zhang Zai-Qiang, Liu Shi-Chao, Li Yan, Wang Xiao-Tong, Guan Qing-Feng. Surface microstructure and stress characteristics in pure zirconium after high current pulsed electron beam irradiation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2013, 62(15): 156106. doi: 10.7498/aps.62.156106
    [5] Li Yan, Cai Jie, Lü Peng, Zou Yang, Wan Ming-Zhen, Peng Dong-Jin, Gu Qian-Qian, Guan Qing-Feng. Surface microstructure and stress characteristics in pure titanium after high-current pulsed electron beam irradiation. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(5): 056105. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.056105
    [6] Wu Tao, Huang Hua, Wang Gan-Ping, Jin Xiao, Liu Zhen-Bang, Chen Zhao-Fu, Ren Yi-Hao, Chen Yong-Dong, Wang Qing-Yuan. The generation and transmission research of the fan-shaped multi-beam intense relativistic electron beams. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(18): 184218. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.184218
    [7] Liu Zhen-Bang, Jin Xiao, Huang Hua, Chen Huai-Bi, Wang Gan-Ping. Preliminary study of the characteristic of multi-beam in intense multi-beam relativistic klystron. Acta Physica Sinica, 2012, 61(24): 248401. doi: 10.7498/aps.61.248401
    [8] Guan Qing-Feng, Gu Qian-Qian, Li Yan, Qiu Dong-Hua, Peng Dong-Jin, Wang Xue-Tao. Microstructures in polycrystalline pure copper induced by high-current pulsed electron beamdeformation structures. Acta Physica Sinica, 2011, 60(8): 086106. doi: 10.7498/aps.60.086106
    [9] Liu Jing, Shu Ting, Li Zhi-Qiang. Further theoretical study on laminar-flow equilibria in magnetically focused relativistic electron beams. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(3): 1895-1901. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.1895
    [10] Zou Hui, Jing Hong-Yang, Wamg Zhi-Ping, Guan Qing-Feng. The vacancy defect clusters in polycrystalline pure nickle induced by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(9): 6384-6389. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.6384
    [11] Du Guang-Xing, Qian Bao-Liang. Propagation of the intense relativistic sheet electron beam with a quasi-rectangular cross section. Acta Physica Sinica, 2010, 59(7): 4626-4633. doi: 10.7498/aps.59.4626
    [12] Zhang Yong-Peng, Liu Guo-Zhi, Shao Hao, Yang Zhan-Feng, Song Zhi-Min, Lin Yu-Zheng. Steady transmission characteristics of intense electron beams in one-dimensional drift spaces. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(10): 6973-6978. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.6973
    [13] Guan Qing-Feng, Cheng Du-Qing, Qiu Dong-Hua, Zhu Jian, Wang Xue-Tao, Cheng Xiu-Wei. The vacancy defect clusters in polycrystalline pure aluminum induced by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(7): 4846-4852. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.4846
    [14] Cheng Du-Qing, Guan Qing-Feng, Zhu Jian, Qiu Dong-Hua, Cheng Xiu-Wei, Wang Xue-Tao. Mechanism of surface nanocrystallization in pure nickel induced by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2009, 58(10): 7300-7306. doi: 10.7498/aps.58.7300
    [15] Guan Qing-Feng, Chen Bo, Zhang Qing-Yu, Dong Chuang, Zou Guang-Tian. Stacking fault tetrahedra in single-crystal aluminum induced by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2008, 57(1): 392-397. doi: 10.7498/aps.57.392
    [16] Hu Min, Zhu Da-Jun, Liu Sheng-Gang. Longitudinal self-modulation of an intense relativistic electron beam in a two-cavity system. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(6): 2633-2637. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.2633
    [17] Guan Qing-Feng, An Chun-Xiang, Qin Ying, Zou Jian-Xin, Hao Sheng-Zhi, Zhang Qing-Yu, Dong Chuang, Zou Guang-Tian. Microstructure induced by stress generated by high-current pulsed electron beam. Acta Physica Sinica, 2005, 54(8): 3927-3934. doi: 10.7498/aps.54.3927
    [18] Qin Ying, Wang Xiao-Gang, Dong Chuang, Hao Sheng-Zhi, Liu Yue, Zou Jian-Xin, Wu Ai-Min, Guan Qing-Feng. Temperature field and formation of crater on the surface induced by high curren t pulsed electron beam bombardment. Acta Physica Sinica, 2003, 52(12): 3043-3048. doi: 10.7498/aps.52.3043
    [19] ZHU JUN-BIAO, WANG ZHI-JIANG, ZHANG LI-FENG, LU ZAI-TUN, HUANG YU, WANG MING-CHANG. HIGH-POWER, INTENSE-CURRENT-DENSITY, LOW-EMITTANCE, HIGH-BRIGHTNESS PSEUDOSPARK ELECTRON BEAM DRIVEN BY IMPROVED PULSE LINE ACCELERATOR. Acta Physica Sinica, 1996, 45(6): 924-928. doi: 10.7498/aps.45.924
    [20] JIANG XING-LIU, CHEN KE-FAN, PIAO YU-BO. A NEW TYPE OF PULSED ELECTRON AND ION SOURCE WITH A DURATION OF NANOSECONDS. Acta Physica Sinica, 1983, 32(10): 1344-1348. doi: 10.7498/aps.32.1344
Metrics
  • Abstract views:  4803
  • PDF Downloads:  126
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  26 August 2016
  • Accepted Date:  18 November 2016
  • Published Online:  05 February 2017

/

返回文章
返回