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Explosive-driven ferroelectric generator (EDFEG) has important applications due to its excellent properties of high energy density and small volume. The output of EDFEG is based on the depolarization of ferroelectric during shock wave compression. In a normal mode configuration, a planar shock wave propagates in a direction perpendicular to the polarization axis. If the resulting depolarizing current passes through a large resistive load or a small capacitive load, high electric fields can be produced within the ferroelectric sample. In this case, a portion of the depolarizing charges are lost in the sample due to finite resistivity of shocked ferroelectrics during shock wave transit. But it is very difficult to accurately measure the resistivity of shocked ferroelectric during shock wave compression, due to high pressure and short duration time. In previous studies, the value of the resistivity of shocked Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 (PZT95/5) ferroelectric was obtained from the experimental output charge difference for different large resistive loads or by fitting the experimental current histories. However, the current leakage was not observed directly in experiment in the past. Furthermore, the value of the resistivity obtained in each of all these studies was a time-averaged value. In the present work, a new experiment method is developed to investigate dynamic resistivity of PZT95/5 under shock wave compression, in which a pulse capacitor is used as an output load. The current leakage in shocked PZT95/5 is observed in the experiment at a shock stress of 3.5 GPa after the depolarization of all ferroelectrics. This current leakage is just related to the resistance of shocked PZT95/5 and the voltage applied. The experimental results show that the resistivity of shocked PZT95/5 continuously changes in a range of 2.2104 cm-3.5104 cm for time more than the shock transit time of the sample. Based on the experimental results, a dynamic resistance model is established to analyze the resistivity of depolarized PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramic during shock wave transit in ferroelectric. The simulation results reveal dynamic characteristic of the resistivity of depolarized PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramic under shock wave compression. The further analysis of experimental results shows that the resistivity continuously changes between 2.0104 cm and 8.0104 cm during shock transit in ferroelectrics. It is believed that dynamic characteristic of the resistivity of shocked PZT95/5 ferroelectric ceramic is related to pressure, electrical field applied and the defects in the material. The dynamic resistivity of shocked PZT95/5 obtained in this paper and its dynamic resistance model will be helpful for designing EDFEGs and their applications in the future.
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Keywords:
- Pb(Zr0.95Ti0.05)O3 /
- shock wave /
- depolarization /
- resistivity
[1] Neilson F W 1957Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 2 302
[2] Liu G M, Liu Y S, Zhang Y, Du J M, He H L 2006Mater. Rev. 20 74(in Chinese)[刘高旻, 刘雨生, 张毅, 杜金梅, 贺红亮2006材料导报20 74]
[3] Alberta E F, Michaud B, Hackenberger W S, Freeman B, Hemmert D J, Stults A H, Altgilbers L L 2009Proceedings of 17th IEEE Pulsed Power ConferenceWashington, USA, June 28-July 2, 2009 p161
[4] Shkuratov S I, Baird J, Talantsev E F 2011Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 086107
[5] Shkuratov S I, Baird J, Talantsev E F 2012Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 076104
[6] Stults A H 2008Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Power Modulators and High-Voltage Conference Nevada, USA, May 27-31, 2008 p156
[7] Altgilbers L L 2013Proceedings of 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference San Francisco USA, June 16-21, 2013 p1
[8] Mock J W, Holf W H 1978J. Appl. Phys. 49 5846
[9] Setchell R E 2005J. Appl. Phys. 97 013507
[10] Tkach Y, Shkuratov S I 2002IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 30 1665
[11] Jiang D D, Du J M, Gu Y, Feng Y J 2012J. Appl. Phys. 111 104102
[12] Halpin W J 1968J. Appl. Phys. 39 3821
[13] Lysne P C 1977J. Appl. Phys. 48 4565
[14] Zhang F P, Liu Y S, Xie Q H, Liu G M, He H L 2015J. Appl. Phys. 117 134104
[15] Liu G M, Zhang Y, Du J M, Wang H Y, Tan H, He H L 2007J. Funct. Mater. Dev. 13 0371(in Chinese)[刘高旻, 张毅, 杜金梅, 王海晏, 谭华, 贺红亮2007功能材料与器件学报13 0371]
[16] Lysne P C 1983J. Appl. Phys. 54 3160
[17] Zhang F P, He H L, Liu G M, Liu Y S, Yu Y, Wang Y G 2013J. Appl. Phys. 113 183501
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[1] Neilson F W 1957Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 2 302
[2] Liu G M, Liu Y S, Zhang Y, Du J M, He H L 2006Mater. Rev. 20 74(in Chinese)[刘高旻, 刘雨生, 张毅, 杜金梅, 贺红亮2006材料导报20 74]
[3] Alberta E F, Michaud B, Hackenberger W S, Freeman B, Hemmert D J, Stults A H, Altgilbers L L 2009Proceedings of 17th IEEE Pulsed Power ConferenceWashington, USA, June 28-July 2, 2009 p161
[4] Shkuratov S I, Baird J, Talantsev E F 2011Rev. Sci. Instrum. 82 086107
[5] Shkuratov S I, Baird J, Talantsev E F 2012Rev. Sci. Instrum. 83 076104
[6] Stults A H 2008Proceedings of the 2008 IEEE International Power Modulators and High-Voltage Conference Nevada, USA, May 27-31, 2008 p156
[7] Altgilbers L L 2013Proceedings of 19th IEEE Pulsed Power Conference San Francisco USA, June 16-21, 2013 p1
[8] Mock J W, Holf W H 1978J. Appl. Phys. 49 5846
[9] Setchell R E 2005J. Appl. Phys. 97 013507
[10] Tkach Y, Shkuratov S I 2002IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. 30 1665
[11] Jiang D D, Du J M, Gu Y, Feng Y J 2012J. Appl. Phys. 111 104102
[12] Halpin W J 1968J. Appl. Phys. 39 3821
[13] Lysne P C 1977J. Appl. Phys. 48 4565
[14] Zhang F P, Liu Y S, Xie Q H, Liu G M, He H L 2015J. Appl. Phys. 117 134104
[15] Liu G M, Zhang Y, Du J M, Wang H Y, Tan H, He H L 2007J. Funct. Mater. Dev. 13 0371(in Chinese)[刘高旻, 张毅, 杜金梅, 王海晏, 谭华, 贺红亮2007功能材料与器件学报13 0371]
[16] Lysne P C 1983J. Appl. Phys. 54 3160
[17] Zhang F P, He H L, Liu G M, Liu Y S, Yu Y, Wang Y G 2013J. Appl. Phys. 113 183501
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