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Research progress of interface passivation of n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Li Xiao-Guo Zhang Xin Shi Ze-Jiao Zhang Hai-Juan Zhu Cheng-Jun Zhan Yi-Qiang

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Research progress of interface passivation of n-i-p perovskite solar cells

Li Xiao-Guo, Zhang Xin, Shi Ze-Jiao, Zhang Hai-Juan, Zhu Cheng-Jun, Zhan Yi-Qiang
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  • In recent years, organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells have aroused the interest of a large number of researchers due to the advantages of large optical absorption coefficient, tunable bandgap and easy fabrication. Recently, the power conversion efficiency of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells has been enhanced to more than 23% in laboratory. In solution processed perovskite solar cells, perovskite and charge transport layer are stacked together, due to the different crystallization rates leading to lattice mismatch near the surface region of perovskite film, resulting in a lot of interface defects, especially at the interface between perovskite and charge transport layer. What is more, the photo-induced free carriers must transfer across the interfaces to be collected. But the defects near the interface can trap photogeneration electrons, thus reducing the carrier lifetime and causing the charges to be recombined, which greatly influence the performance and stability of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, reducing and passivating these defects is critical for obtaining the high performance perovskite solar cells. Now, there have been made tremendous efforts devoting to advancing passivation techniques, such as doping and surface modification, for high efficiency perovskite solar cell with improved stability and reduced hysteresis. These approaches also contribute to improving the energy band alignment between carrier transport layers and perovskite absorber improving device performance, or resistance moisture to enhance device stability. In this review we mainly introduce the formation and the effect of defects on perovskite solar cells, analyze the mechanism for passivating the interfacial defects between charge transport layer and perovskite photo absorption layer for different materials, compare the effects of different passivation materials on the photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cells, and summarize the role of these materials in passivating the defects. Finally we discuss the research trend and development direction of passivation defects in perovskite solar cells.
      Corresponding author: Zhu Cheng-Jun, cjzhu@imu.edu.cn ; Zhan Yi-Qiang, yqzhan@fudan.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11564027).
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  • 图 1  钙钛矿晶体结构示意图

    Figure 1.  Structure diagram of perovskite crystal.

    图 2  晶体缺陷类型[16] (a)完美晶体结构; (b)空位缺陷; (c)间隙缺陷; (d)反位替代缺陷; (e)替位杂质缺陷; (f)间隙杂质缺陷

    Figure 2.  Types of crystal defects[16]: (a) perfect lattice; (b) vacancy defects; (c) interstitial defects; (d) antisite substitution defects; (e) substitutional impurity; (f) interstitial impurity.

    图 3  (a) KCl钝化缺陷原理图[42]; (b)磺酸钾钝化缺陷示意图[45]; (c) APTES钝化缺陷原理图[46]; (d) DA钝化缺陷原理图[48]; (e) HS的结构式[49]; (f) HOCO-R-NH3+在界面处的结构[50]

    Figure 3.  (a) Schematic diagram of KCl passivation defects[42]; (b) schematic diagram of potassium xanthate passivation defects[45]; (c) schematic diagram of APTES passivation PSCs interface defects[46]; (d) schematic diagram of DA passivation PSCs interface defects[48]; (e) diagram structure of HS[49]; (f) structure of HOCO-R-NH3+ at interface[50].

    图 4  (a)钙钛矿表面电子陷阱的产生[54]; (b)吡啶缺陷钝化原理图[54]; (c)碘五氟苯与卤素阴离子之间卤素键作用的示意图[47]; (d) TPA掺杂钙钛矿器件的I-V曲线, 插图为TPA钝化原理图以及钙钛矿薄膜的SEM图[66]

    Figure 4.  (a) Formation of perovskite surface traps[54]; (b) schematic diagram of pyridine passivation defects[54]; (c) schematic of the halogen bond interaction between the IPFB and halogen anion[47]; (d) I-V curves of TAP-doped perovskite devices, illustrated diagrams is TAP passivation schematic and SEM of perovskite films[66].

    图 5  所有钝化方法以及钝化的机理的总结

    Figure 5.  Summary of all passivation methods and passivation mechanism.

    表 1  钝化和不钝化ETL/Perovskite界面钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能

    Table 1.  Performance of perovskite solar cells with and without passivation on ETL/Perovskite interface.

    Interface to be modified Modifier Voc/V Jsc/mA·cm–2 FF PCE/% 文献
    SnO2/MAPbIxCl3–x LiF W 1.15 21.62 0.73 18.33 [27]
    W/O 1.08 20.40 0.71 15.60
    SnO2/MAPbIxCl3–x KCl W 1.12 21.82 0.79 19.44 [42]
    W/O 1.08 21.59 0.76 18.12
    TiO2/MAPbIxCl3–x CsBr W 1.06 20.70 0.75 16.30 [44]
    W/O 0.99 18.70 0.69 13.10
    SnO2/MAPbI3 Xanthate W 1.06 22.61 0.70 18.41 [45]
    W/O 1.03 21.74 0.73 16.56
    SnO2/MAPbI3 APTES SAM W 1.06 20.84 0.66 14.69 [46]
    W/O 1.16 21.23 0.69 17.03
    SnO2/MAPbI3 DA SAM W 1.05 21.80 0.73 16.87 [48]
    W/O 1.04 19.96 0.67 14.05
    TiO2/MAPbI3 Li-TiO2 W 1.03 23.91 0.74 18.25 [52]
    W/O 1.01 22.46 0.69 15.64
    TiO2/MAPbI3 HS W 1.11 23.34 0.77 20.10 [49]
    W/O 1.09 21.29 0.74 17.20
    TiO2/MAPbI3 GABAH+I W 1.00 19.20 0.62 12.00 [50]
    W/O 8.00
    TiO2/MAPbI3 LA W 0.99 22.40 0.64 14.22 [51]
    W/O 0.95 17.08 0.66 10.76
    TiO2/MAPbI3 GnPs W 1.00 23.67 0.69 15.14 [41]
    W/O 0.97 22.33 0.80 19.23
    DownLoad: CSV

    表 2  钝化和不钝化Perovskite/HTL钙钛矿太阳能电池的性能

    Table 2.  Performance of perovskite solar cells with and without passivation on Perovskite/HTL interface.

    Interface to be modified Modifier Voc/V Jsc/mA·cm–2 FF PCE/% 文献
    MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD IPFB W 1.06 23.38 0.67 15.70 [47]
    W/O 1.02 23.80 0.57 13.00
    MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD GO W 1.03 20.00 0.72 14.50 [59]
    W/O 0.93 18.50 0.64 10.00
    MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD Thiophene W 0.95 20.70 0.68 13.10 [54]
    W/O 1.02 21.30 0.68 15.30
    MAPbIxCl3–x/Spiro-OMeTAD Pyridine W 0.95 20.70 0.68 13.10 [54]
    W/O 1.05 24.10 0.72 16.50
    MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD V-pyridine W 1.15 22.00 0.73 9.50 [55]
    W/O 0.80 19.20 0.63 18.50
    MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD F4TCNQ W 1.04 19.40 0.70 15.30 [56]
    W/O 1.06 20.30 0.75 18.10
    MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD ZnPc W 1.09 23.23 0.77 19.56 [65]
    W/O 1.08 22.93 0.76 18.83
    MAPbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD TAP W 1.05 23.49 0.75 18.51 [66]
    W/O 0.99 22.09 0.71 15.53
    DownLoad: CSV
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Metrics
  • Abstract views:  18927
  • PDF Downloads:  577
  • Cited By: 0
Publishing process
  • Received Date:  01 April 2019
  • Accepted Date:  03 May 2019
  • Available Online:  01 August 2019
  • Published Online:  05 August 2019

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