Size Regulation and Photoluminescence Properties of β-Ga2O3 Nanomaterials

Ma Teng-Yu; Li Wan-Jun; He Xian-Wang; Hu Hui; Huang Li-Juan; Zhang Hong; Xiong Yuan-Qiang; Li Hong-Lin; Ye Li-Juan; Kong Chun-Yang

doi:10.7498/aps.69.20200158

Abstract

Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) nanomaterials have great potential in the fields of ultraviolet transparent electrodes, high-temperature gas sensors, solar blind ultraviolet detectors and power devices, while achieving Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials with high crystalline quality and controllable size and morphology still remains challenge. Herein, size-controllable Gallium oxide hydroxide (GaOOH) nanorods, nanorod bundles, and spindles were prepared by hydrothermal method. After high temperature calcination, GaOOH nanomaterials were successfully transformed into higher-quality single-crystal β-Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials which well retained the morphological characteristics of the pristine GaOOH.With the help of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman scattering spectroscopy (Raman) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), we systematically studied the influence of the pH value and the concentration of anionic surfactants in the precursor solution on the crystal structure and surface morphology of GaOOH and β-Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials, and explored the different growth mechanism of GaOOH nanomaterials under different conditions. Simultaneously, room temperature photoluminescence (PL) tests revealed that β-Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials with different morphologies exhibit typical broad blue-green emission and sharp red emission, which are closely related to the existence of intrinsic defects in nanomaterials.The above research results provide valuable information for the controllable preparation of high-quality β-Ga₂O₃ nanomaterials.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Photo-Electric Functional Materials, College of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China

Corresponding author: Li Wan-Jun, liwj@cqnu.edu.cn ; Zhang Hong, zhh_2016@163.com ;

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References

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Cited By

图 1 不同pH值和SDBS浓度下样品的XRD图谱　(a) GaOOH; (b) β-Ga₂O₃

Figure 1. XRD patterns of samples under different pH values and SDBS concentrations: (a) GaOOH; (b) β-Ga₂O₃.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 不同pH值和SDBS浓度下β-Ga₂O₃样品的Raman图谱

Figure 2. Raman spectra of β-Ga₂O₃samples at different pH values and SDBS concentrations.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 3 不同pH值下β-Ga₂O₃样品的SEM　(a), (d) pH = 5; (b), (e) pH = 7; (c), (f) pH = 9; (g)—(i)长度分布图

Figure 3. Typical SEM images of β-Ga₂O₃ at different pH values of (a), (d) pH = 5, (b), (e) pH = 7 and (c), (f) pH = 9; (g)—(i) length distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 4 在pH = 5时加入SDBS后β-Ga₂O₃样品的SEM图像　(a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L; (g)−(i)长度分布图

Figure 4. Typical SEM images of β-Ga₂O₃ added with SDBS at pH = 5: (a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L; (g)−(i) length distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 在pH = 9时加入SDBS后β-Ga₂O₃样品的SEM图像　(a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L; (g)−(i)长度分布图

Figure 5. Typical SEM images of β-Ga₂O₃ added with SDBS at pH = 9: (a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L; (g)−(i) length distribution.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 6 不同pH值和SDBS浓度下GaOOH的生长机理

Figure 6. Growth mechanism of GaOOH at different pH and SDBS concentrations.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 A1 不同pH值下GaOOH纳米材料的SEM　(a), (d) pH = 5; (b), (e) pH = 7; (c), (f) pH = 9

Figure A1. Typical SEM images of GaOOH at different pH values: (a), (d) pH = 5; (b), (e) pH = 7; (c), (f) pH = 9.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 A3 在pH = 9时加入SDBS后GaOOH纳米材料的SEM图像　(a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L

Figure A3. Typical SEM images of GaOOH added with SDBS at pH = 9: (a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 不同生长条件下β-Ga₂O₃的室温光致发光谱　(a) 不同pH; (b) pH = 5加入SDBS; (c) pH = 9加入SDBS

Figure 7. Room temperature PL of β-Ga₂O₃: (a) Different pH values without SDBS; (b) with different concentrations of SDBS at pH = 5; (c) with different concentrations of SDBS at pH = 9.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 A2 在pH = 5时加入SDBS后GaOOH纳米材料的SEM图像　(a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L

Figure A2. Typical SEM images of GaOOH added with SDBS at pH = 5: (a), (d) 0 mmol/L; (b), (e) 0.4 mmol/L; (c), (f) 0.8 mmol/L.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Pearton S J, Yang J C, CaryP H, Ren F, Kim J, Tadjer M J, Mastro M A 2018 Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 011301 Google Scholar
[2]	Tsao J Y, Chowdhury S, Hollis M A, Jena D, Johnson N M, Jones K A, Kaplar R J, Rajan S, Van de Walle C G, Bellotti E, Chua C L, Collazo R, Coltrin M E, Cooper J A, Evans K R, Graham S, Grotjohn T A, Heller E R, Higashiwaki M, Islam M S, Juodawlkis P W, Khan M A, Koehler A D, Leach J H, Mishra U K, Nemanich R J, Pilawa-Podgurski R C N, Shealy J B, Sitar Z, Tadjer M J, Witulski A F, Wraback M, Simmons J A 2018 Adv. Electron. Mater. 4 1600501 Google Scholar
[3]	Mastro M A, KuramataA, Calkins J, Kim J, Ren F, Pearton S J 2017 ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 6 356 Google Scholar
[4]	Guo D, Guo Q, Chen Z, Wu Z, Li P, Tang W 2019 Mater. Today Phys. 11 100157 Google Scholar
[5]	Kumar M, Kuma S, Kumar V, Singh R 2019 Gallium Oxide (1st Ed.) (Amsterdam: Elsevier) pp91–115
[6]	Muruganandham M, Amutha R, Wahed M S M A, Ahmmad B, Kuroda Y, Suri R P S, Wu J J, Sillanpää M E T 2012 J. Phys. Chem. C 116 44 Google Scholar
[7]	Lin H J, Gao H Y, Gao P X 2017 Appl. Phys. Lett. 110 043101 Google Scholar
[8]	Xia Z B, Joishi C, Krishnamoorthy S, Bajaj S, Zhang Y W, Brenner M, Lodha S, Rajan S 2018 IEEE Electron Device Lett. 39 568 Google Scholar
[9]	冯秋菊, 李芳, 李彤彤, 李昀铮, 石博, 李梦轲, 梁红伟 2018 物理学报 67 218101 Google Scholar Feng Q J, Li F, Li T T, Li X Z, Shi B, Li M K, Liang H W 2018 Acta Phys. Sin. 67 218101 Google Scholar
[10]	马海林, 苏庆, 兰伟, 刘雪芹 2008 物理学报 57 7322 Google Scholar Ma L H, Su Q, Lan W, Liu X Q 2008 Acta Phys. Sin. 57 7322 Google Scholar
[11]	Du J Y, Xing J, Ge C, Liu H, Liu P Y, Hao HY, Dong JJ, Zheng Z Y, Gao H 2016 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 49 425105 Google Scholar
[12]	Xie C, Lu X T, Ma M R, Tong X W, Zhang Z X, Wang L, Wu C Y, Yang W H, Luo L B 2019 Adv. Opt. Mater. 7 1901257 Google Scholar
[13]	Liu J, Lu W, Zhong Q, Wu H Z, Li Y L, Li L L, Wang Z L 2018 J. Colloid Interface Sci. 519 255 Google Scholar
[14]	Zacherle T, Schmidt P C, Martin M 2013 Phys. Rev. B 87 235206 Google Scholar
[15]	Ho Q D, Frauenheim T, Deák P 2018 Phys. Rev. B 97 115163 Google Scholar
[16]	Qian H S, Gunawan P, Zhang Y X, Lin G F, Zheng J W, Xu R 2008 Cryst. Growth Des. 8 1282 Google Scholar
[17]	Song Y P, Zhang H Z, Lin C, Zhu Y W, Li G H, Yang F H, Yu D P 2004 Phys. Rev. B 69 075304 Google Scholar
[18]	Pilliadugula R, Krishnan N G 2018 Mater. Res. Express 6 025027 Google Scholar
[19]	Yao Y Z, Ishikawa Y, Sugawara Y 2019 J. Appl. Phys. 126 205106 Google Scholar
[20]	Rao R, Rao A M, Xu B, Dong J, Sharma S, Sunkara M K 2005 J. Appl. Phys. 98 094312 Google Scholar
[21]	Wang J, Ye L J, Wang X, Zhang H, Li L, Kong C Y, Li W J 2019 J. Alloys Compd. 803 9 Google Scholar
[22]	Namba Y, Heidarpour E, Nakayama M 1992 J. Appl. Phys. 72 1748 Google Scholar
[23]	Zhao Y Y, Frost R L, Yang J, Martens W N 2008 J. Phys. Chem. C 112 3568
[24]	Shan J J, Li C H, Wu J M, Liu J A, Shi Y S 2017 Ceram. Int. 43 6430 Google Scholar
[25]	Dulda A 2016 Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2016 1
[26]	Bae H J, Yoo T H, Yoon Y, Lee I G, Kim J P, Cho B J, Hwang W S 2018 Nanomaterials 8 594 Google Scholar
[27]	Krehula S, Ristić M, Kubuki S, Iida Y, Fabián M, Musić S 2015 J. Alloys Compd. 620 217 Google Scholar
[28]	Quan Y, Fang D, Zhang X Y, Liu S Q, Huang K L 2010 Mater. Chem. Phys. 121 142 Google Scholar
[29]	Sun Z Z, Feng X M, Hou W H 2007 Nanotechnology 18 455607 Google Scholar
[30]	Qi X F, Song Y H, ShengY, Zhang H G, Zhao H, Shi Z, Zou H F 2014 Opt. Mater. 38 193 Google Scholar
[31]	Li S F, Jiao S J, Wang D B, Gao S Y, Wang J Z 2018 J. Alloys Compd. 753 186 Google Scholar
[32]	Yan S C, Wan L J, Li Z S, Zhou Y, Zou Z G 2010 Chem. Commun. 46 6388 Google Scholar
[33]	Yang H Q, Shi R Y, Yu J, Liu R N, Zhang R G, Zhao H, Zhang L H, Zheng H R 2009 J. Phys. Chem. C 113 21548 Google Scholar
[34]	Cao L, Li M K, Yang Z, Wei Q, Zhang W 2008 Appl. Phys. A 91 415
[35]	Tien L C, Chen W T, Ho C H 2011 J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94 3117 Google Scholar
[36]	Park S Y, Lee S Y, Seo S H, Noh D Y, Kang H C 2013 Appl. Phys. Express 6 105001 Google Scholar
[37]	Jiang J L, Zhang J 2020 Ceram. Int. 46 2409 Google Scholar
[38]	Zhang T T, Lin J, Zhang X H, Huang Y, Xu X W, Xue Y M, Zou J, Tang C C 2013 J. Lumin. 140 30 Google Scholar
[39]	Luan S Z, Dong L P, Ma X F, Jia R X 2020 J. Alloys Compd. 812 152026 Google Scholar
[40]	Nogales E, Méndez B, Piqueras J 2005 Appl. Phys. Lett. 86 113112 Google Scholar

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Size Regulation and Photoluminescence Properties of β-Ga₂O₃ Nanomaterials