Phase locking technology for Raman laser system based on 1560 nm external cavity lasers

Wang Kai-Nan; Cheng Bing; Zhou Yin; Chen Pei-Jun; Zhu Dong; Weng Kan-Xing; Wang He-Lin; Peng Shu-Ping; Wang Xiao-Long; Wu Bin; Lin Qiang

doi:10.7498/aps.70.20210432

Abstract

The technology of generating Raman laser is not only an important research content in the field of quantum precision measurement, but also a core technology of quantum inertial sensors such as cold atom gravimeter, gyroscope. For ⁸⁷Rb atoms, two 780-nm lasers with a frequency difference of 6.834 GHz and a stable phase are needed to generate Raman light. Raman lasers can be generated by optical phase-locked loops of two 780-nm narrow linewidth external cavity tunable semiconductor lasers (ECDL). But the system thus developed is complicated in structure and very poor in environmental adaptability. The other method to generate Raman laser is based on intracavity 1560-nm laser with frequency doubling and electro-optic modulation technology. This system is simple in structure and strong in environmental adaptability, but it will introduce sideband effects and cannot achieve phase lock due to the limit by the linewidth and feedback bandwidth performance of the laser. In view of this, based on two new 1560-nm external cavity lasers and a home-made phase-locked circuit, in this paper the phase lock of the laser is achieved, and a Raman laser with low phase noise is obtained. The phase noise of beat note signal is as low as –95 dBc/Hz at the Fourier frequency in a range from 1 kHz to 10 kHz. A comparison of this system with the phase-locked performance of the 780-nm dual laser and the hybrid dual laser shows that this scheme has a slight advantage. In addition, the effect of the phase-locking performance on the phase noise of the cold atom interferometer through the method of piecewise integration is analyzed in this work. The experimental results given in this work provide a scheme for developing a miniaturized Raman optical system suitable for external fields.

Keywords:

Authors and contacts

Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Precision Measurement, College of Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China

Corresponding author: Wu Bin, wubin@zjut.edu.cn ; Lin Qiang, qlin@zjut.edu.cn

Funds: Project supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC0601602), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51905482, 61727821, 61875175, 11704334, 51905482), and the Program of China Aero Geophysical Survey and Remote Sensing Center for Natural Resources (Grant No. DD20189831)

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References

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Cited By

图 1 拉曼光锁相的原理示意图. ML, 主激光器; SL, 从激光器; PD, 高速光电管; Mix, 混频器; RF, 射频参考

Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the optical phase-locked loop (OPLL) system. ML, master laser; SL, slave laser; PD, high-speed photodiode; Mix, mixer; RF, RF reference.

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图 2 拉曼光锁相的频域原理图

Figure 2. Diagram in frequency domain for the system of OPLL.

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图 3 实验系统示意图. 1560 nm FL1, 光纤激光器; 1560 nm FL2, 外腔式光纤输出型激光器; 780 nm DL1和780 nm DL2, 外腔式激光器; ISO, 隔离器; EDFA, 掺铒光纤放大器; PPLN, 周期性铌酸锂晶体; FM, 频率调制光谱; PD, 高速光电管; Amp, 低噪声放大器; Beat signal, 拍频信号; ${\Phi }\; \mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{k}$, 相位锁定方法; SA, 频谱分析仪; PFD, 频率相位检测模块; PID, 比例积分微分控制模块; DDS, 直接数字合成器; Frequency Ref, 频率参考; /2, 二分频; Current, 电流调制口; PZT, 压电陶瓷调制口; PDRO, 锁相介质振荡器

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the experimental system. 1560 nm FL1, fiber laser; 1560 nm FL2, fibered laser; 780 nm DL1 and 780 nm DL2, external cavity diode laser; ISO, isolator; EDFA, erbium-doped fiber amplifier; PPLN, periodic lithium niobate crystal; FM, frequency modulation spectroscopy; PD, high-speed photodiode; Amp, low noise amplifier; Beat signal, Beatnote signal; $ \varPhi \;\mathrm{l}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{k}, $ phase locking method; SA, spectrum analyzer; PFD, frequency phase detector module; PID, the module of proportional integral derivative controller; DDS, direct digital synthesizer; Frequency Ref, frequency reference; /2, two-way frequency; Current, current modulation port; PZT, piezoelectric ceramic modulation port; PDRO, phase locked dielectric resonator oscillator.

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图 4 锁相后的拍频信号谱线

Figure 4. Spectra of the closed-loop beat note.

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图 5 光锁相环各部分的相位噪声功率谱

Figure 5. Phase noise spectral density for several parts of the OPLL system.

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图 6 三种激光器组合锁相后的相位噪声功率谱

Figure 6. Phase noise spectral density for three kinds of combinations of the lasers.

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图 7 相噪分段积分的结果

Figure 7. Results of subsection integral based on the phase noise spectra.

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图 8 相噪对重力测量性能的影响

Figure 8. Influence of the phase noise on the gravity measurement performance.

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

[1]	Parker R H, Yu C, Zhong W, Estey B, Müller H 2018 Science 360 191 Google Scholar
[2]	Zhou L, Long S T, Tang B, Chen X, Gao F, Peng W C, Duan W T, Zhong J Q, Xiong Z Y, Wang J, Zhang Y Z, Zhan M S 2015 Phys. Rev. Lett. 115 013004 Google Scholar
[3]	Tino G M, Cacciapuoti L, Capozziello S, Lambiase G, Sorrentino F 2020 Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys. 112 103772 Google Scholar
[4]	Hamilton P, Jaffe M, Haslinger P, Simmons Q, Muller H, Khoury J 2015 Science 349 849 Google Scholar
[5]	Jaffe M, Haslinger P, Xu V, Hamilton P, Upadhye A, Elder B, Khoury J, Muller H 2017 Nat. Phys. 13 938 Google Scholar
[6]	Peters A, Chung K Y, Chu S 2001 Metrologia 38 25 Google Scholar
[7]	Peters A, Chung K Y, Chu S 1999 Nature 400 849 Google Scholar
[8]	McGuirk J M, Foster G T, Fixler J B, Snadden M J, Kasevich M A 2002 Phys. Rev. A 65 033608 Google Scholar
[9]	Sorrentino F, Bodart Q, Cacciapuoti L, Lien Y H, Prevedelli M, Rosi G, Salvi L, Tino G M 2014 Phys. Rev. A 89 023607 Google Scholar
[10]	Dutta I, Savoie D, Fang B, Venon B, Alzar C L G, Geiger R, Landragin A 2016 Phys. Rev. Lett. 116 183003 Google Scholar
[11]	Gustavson T L, Bouyer P, Kasevich M A 1997 Phys. Rev. Lett. 78 2046 Google Scholar
[12]	Lautier J, Volodimer L, Hardin T, Merlet S, Lours M, Dos Santos F P, Landragin A 2014 Appl. Phys. Lett. 105 144102 Google Scholar
[13]	Cheiney P, Fouche L, Templier S, Napolitano F, Battelier B, Bouyer P, Barrett B 2018 Phys. Rev. Appl. 10 034030 Google Scholar
[14]	Huang P W, Tang B, Chen X, Zhong J Q, Xiong Z Y, Zhou L, Wang J, Zhan M S 2019 Metrologia 56 045012 Google Scholar
[15]	Fu Z J, Wu B, Cheng B, Zhou Y, Weng K X, Zhu D, Wang Z Y, Lin Q 2019 Metrologia 56 025001 Google Scholar
[16]	Wu B, Wang Z Y, Cheng B, Wang Q Y, Xu A P, Lin Q 2014 Metrologia 51 452 Google Scholar
[17]	Freier C, Hauth M, Schkolnik V, Leykauf B, Schilling M, Wziontek H, Scherneck H G, Muller J, Peters A 2016 J. Phys. Conf. Ser. 723 012050 Google Scholar
[18]	Menoret V, Vermeulen P, Le Moigne N, Bonvalot S, Bouyer P, Landragin A, Desruelle B 2018 Sci. Rep. 8 12300 Google Scholar
[19]	Hu Z K, Sun B L, Duan X C, Zhou M K, Chen L L, Zhan S, Zhang Q Z, Luo J 2013 Phys. Rev. A 88 043610 Google Scholar
[20]	Wang S K, Zhao Y, Zhuang W, Li T C, Wu S Q, Feng J Y, Li C J 2018 Metrologia 55 360 Google Scholar
[21]	Gillot P, Francis O, Landragin A, Dos Santos F P, Merlet S 2014 Metrologia 51 L15 Google Scholar
[22]	Bidel Y, Carraz O, Charriere R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bresson A 2013 Appl. Phys. Lett. 102 144107 Google Scholar
[23]	Wu X J, Pagel Z, Malek B S, Nguyen T H, Zi F, Scheirer D S, Muller H 2019 Sci. Adv. 5 eaax0800 Google Scholar
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[26]	Bidel Y, Zahzam N, Bresson A, Blanchard C, Cadoret M, Olesen A V, Forsberg R 2020 J. Geod. 94 2 Google Scholar
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[29]	Wang Q, Wang Z, Fu Z, Liu W, Lin Q 2016 Opt. Commun. 358 82 Google Scholar
[30]	Luo Q, Zhang H, Zhang K, Duan X C, Hu Z K, Chen L L, Zhou M K 2019 Rev. Sci. Instrum. 90 043104 Google Scholar
[31]	Zhu L X, Lien Y H, Hinton A, Niggebaum A, Rammeloo C, Bongs K, Holynski M 2018 Opt. Express 26 6542 Google Scholar
[32]	Fang J, Hu J, Chen X, Zhu H, Zhou L, Zhong J, Wang J, Zhan M 2018 Opt. Express 26 1586 Google Scholar
[33]	Theron F, Bidel Y, Dieu E, Zahzam N, Cadoret M, Bresson A 2017 Opt. Commun. 393 152 Google Scholar
[34]	Diboune C, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Cadoret M, Bresson A 2017 Opt. Express 25 16898 Google Scholar
[35]	Theron F, Carraz O, Renon G, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Cadoret M, Bresson A 2015 Appl. Phys. B 118 1 Google Scholar
[36]	Lévèque T, Antoni-Micollier L, Faure B, Berthon J 2014 Appl. Phys. B 116 997 Google Scholar
[37]	Menoret V, Geiger R, Stern G, Zahzam N, Battelier B, Bresson A, Landragin A, Bouyer P 2011 Opt. Lett. 36 4128 Google Scholar
[38]	Carraz O, Lienhart F, Charrière R, Cadoret M, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2009 Appl. Phys. B 97 405 Google Scholar
[39]	Lienhart F, Boussen S, Carraz O, Zahzam N, Bidel Y, Bresson A 2007 Appl. Phys. B 89 177 Google Scholar
[40]	吴彬, 程冰, 付志杰, 朱栋, 邬黎明, 王凯楠, 王河林, 王兆英, 王肖隆, 林强 2019 物理学报 68 194205 Google Scholar Wu B, Cheng B, Fu Z J, Zhu D, Wu L M, Wang K N, Wang H L, Wang Z Y, Wang X L, Lin Q 2019 Acta Phys. Sin. 68 194205 Google Scholar
[41]	Le Gouet J, Kim J, Bourassin-Bouchet C, Lours M, Landragin A, Dos Santos F P 2009 Opt. Commun. 282 977 Google Scholar
[42]	Schmidt M, Prevedelli M, Giorgini A, Tino G M, Peters A 2011 Appl. Phys. B 102 11 Google Scholar
[43]	Yim S H, Lee S B, Kwon T Y, Park S E 2014 Appl. Phys. B 115 491
[44]	Yim S H, Lee S B, Kwon T Y, Shim K M, Park S E 2019 Appl. Opt. 58 2481 Google Scholar
[45]	Ristic S, Bhardwaj A, Rodwell M J, Coldren L A, Johansson L A 2010 J. Lightwave Technol. 28 526 Google Scholar
[46]	Numata K, Chen J R, Wu S T 2012 Opt. Express 20 14234 Google Scholar
[47]	Friederich F, Schuricht G, Deninger A, Lison F, Spickermann G, Bolivar P H, Roskos H G 2010 Opt. Express 18 8621 Google Scholar
[48]	Guionie M, Frein L, Bondu F, Carre A, Loas G, Pinsard E, Cadier B, Alouini M, Romanelli M, Vallet M, Brunel M 2018 Fiber Lasers and Glass Photonics: Materials through Applications Strasbourg, France, April 22−26, 2018 p10683
[49]	Rouse C D, Brown A W, Wylie M T V, Colpitts B G 2011 21st International Conference on Optical Fiber Sensors Ottawa, Canada, May 15−19, 2011 p77532L

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Vol. 70, Issue 17 - 2021-09-05

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