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The spin-wave coupling device is used as a connection unit to solve the connection problem between spin-wave devices. However, the current size is too large in comparison with the nano-scale process, which is caused by the low efficiency of the spin wave within it. Therefore, we propose the spin-wave directional coupler based on Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB coupling which can improve the current dilemma to a certain extent. By filling the gap layer of two spin-wave waveguides (Y3Fe5O12) placed in parallel with CoFeB material, it is found that the dispersion relationship of the spin wave changes in the data calculation of the micromagnetic simulation software Mumax3. The existence of CoFeB makes the transmission efficiency of the spin wave between the two waveguides higher than in the case without any filling, the enhancement effect is about 4 times where coupling length is reduced from the original 2000 nm to 500 nm, which is conducive to the miniaturization and integration of the spin-wave directional coupler design. From the perspective of the entire device, further analysis indicates that owing to the high saturation magnetization of CoFeB (approximately 8 times that of Y3Fe5O12), the effective field in the Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler is greatly enhanced, which leads the spin wave dispersion curve in the waveguide to change. At the same time, the energy of the entire system also increases several times, which is mainly caused by the increase of dipole energy and exchange energy. Then a greater contribution of dipole energy is obtained by changing the size of the device. After that, we study the relationship between the coupling length and the device size and the external magnetic field, then draw a general rule which can play a role in designing any directional couplers with similar structures. Finally, our view points are given from the different spin wave excitation frequencies, gap layer filling materials, internal roughness of the directional coupler, and spin wave lifetime by considering the problems that may occur in practical applications with the Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler. In conclusion, our proposed Y3Fe5O12-CoFeB directional coupler structure can effectively enhance the coupling efficiency, and it can also provide a new idea for the application of the interaction between composite materials.
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Keywords:
- spin wave /
- directional coupler /
- micromagnetic simulation /
- coupling length
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Google Scholar
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图 1 YIG-CoFeB自旋波定向耦合器结构示意图
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the structure of YIG-CoFeB spin wave directional coupler.
图 2 (a) 色散曲线求解中激励场在频域下的显示; (b) 孤立YIG波导中的色散曲线
Figure 2. (a) Display of the excitation field in the frequency domain in the solution of the dispersion curve; (b) dispersion curve of isolated YIG waveguide.
图 3 间隙处分别填充(a) Air和(b) CoFeB情况下的自旋波色散图
Figure 3. Spin wave dispersion curve when the gap is filled with (a) Air and (b) CoFeB.
图 4 (a) 定向耦合器的输出随着波导长度变化的关系图; (b) 2.88 GHz下间隙处填充Air和CoFeB的定向耦合器工作过程中自旋波传播彩图
Figure 4. (a) Relationship between the output of the directional coupler and the length of the waveguide; (b) color image of spin wave propagation during operation of the directional coupler filled with Air and CoFeB in the gap at 2.88 GHz.
图 5 间隙处填充Air和CoFeB的定向耦合器中内部有效场分布
Figure 5. Internal effective field distribution in the directional coupler filled with Air and CoFeB at the gap.
图 6 (a) 耦合长度随CoFeB宽度的变化; (b) 不同CoFeB宽度下器件的内部能量值
Figure 6. (a) Coupling length varies with the width of CoFeB; (b) the internal energy value of the device under different CoFeB widths.
图 7 耦合长度随着(a) YIG波导宽度、(b) 波导厚度、(c) 间隙宽度和(d) 外磁场的变化
Figure 7. Coupling length varies with (a) YIG waveguide width, (b) waveguide thickness, (c) gap width, and (d) external magnetic field.
图 8 不同频率下定向耦合器的耦合长度
Figure 8. Coupling length of directional coupler at different frequencies.
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[1] Theis T N, Wong H S P 2017 Comput. Sci. Eng. 19 41
Google Scholar
[2] Sun H, Guo X, Facchetti A 2020 Chem 6 1310
Google Scholar
[3] Zasedatelev A V, Baranikov A V, Urbonas D, et al. 2019 Nat. Photonics 13 378
Google Scholar
[4] Toriumi A, Nishimura T 2018 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 57 010101
Google Scholar
[5] Haensch W, Nowak E J, Dennard R H, et al. 2006 IBM J. Res. Dev. 50 339
Google Scholar
[6] Zhao X, Wang Z, Gao L, Li Y, Wang S 2021 Tsinghua Sci. Technol. 26 536
Google Scholar
[7] Wang W, Chen J, Wang J, Chen J, Liu J, Gong Z 2020 IEEE Trans. Ind. Inform. 16 6124
Google Scholar
[8] Ozawa T, Price H M, Amo A, et al. 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 015006
Google Scholar
[9] Wang J, Sciarrino F, Laing A, Thompson M G 2020 Nat. Photonics 14 273
Google Scholar
[10] Tokura Y, Yasuda K, Tsukazaki A 2019 Nat. Rev. Phys. 1 126
Google Scholar
[11] Manchon A, Zelezny J, Miron I M, et al. 2019 Rev. Mod. Phys. 91 035004
Google Scholar
[12] Mahmoud A N, Vanderveken F, Adelmann C, Ciubotaru F, Cotofana S, Hamdioui S 2021 IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I-Regul. Pap. 68 536
Google Scholar
[13] Petti D 2020 Nat. Electron. 3 736
Google Scholar
[14] Wang Q, Kewenig M, Schneider M, et al. 2020 Nat. Electron. 3 765
Google Scholar
[15] Feng F, Wei S B, Li L, Min C J, Yuan X C, Somekh M 2019 Opt. Express 27 27536
Google Scholar
[16] Sun K, Vittoria C 1991 IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. 39 339
Google Scholar
[17] Friedrich L, Dannberg P, Wachter C, Hennig T, Brauer A, Karthe W 1997 Opt. Commun. 137 239
Google Scholar
[18] Sadovnikov A V, Beginin E N, Sheshukova S E, Romanenko D V, Sharaevskii Y P, Nikitov S A 2015 Appl. Phys. Lett. 107 202405
Google Scholar
[19] Sadovnikov A V, Grachev A A, Odintsov S A, Sheshukova S E, Sharaevskii Y P, Nikitov S A 2017 IEEE Magn. Lett. 8 3109904
Google Scholar
[20] Sadovnikov A V, Grachev A A, Beginin E N, Sheshukova S E, Sharaevskii Y P, Nikitov S A 2017 Phys. Rev. Appl. 7 014013
Google Scholar
[21] Sadovnikov A V, Odintsov S A, Beginin E N, Sheshukova S E, Sharaevskii Y P, Nikitov S A 2017 IEEE Trans. Magn. 53 2801804
Google Scholar
[22] Ren Z, Liu S, Jin L, Wen T, Liao Y, Tang X, Zhang H, Zhong Z 2019 Sci. Rep. 9 7093
Google Scholar
[23] Wang Q, Pirro P, Verba R, Slavin A, Hillebrands B, Chumak A V 2018 Sci. Adv. 4 e1701517
Google Scholar
[24] Balashov T, Buczek P, Sandratskii L, Ernst A, Wulfhekel W 2014 J. Phys. Condens. Matter 26 394007
Google Scholar
[25] Mahmoud A, Ciubotaru F, Vanderveken F, et al. 2020 J. Appl. Phys. 128 161101
Google Scholar
[26] Liu L, Pai C F, Li Y, Tseng H W, Ralph D C, Buhrman R A 2012 Science 336 555
Google Scholar
[27] Qin H, Both G J, Hamalainen S J, Yao L, van Dijken S 2018 Nat. Commun. 9 5445
Google Scholar
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