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脉冲激光原位辐照对InAs/GaAs(001)量子点生长的影响

张伟 石震武 霍大云 郭小祥 彭长四

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脉冲激光原位辐照对InAs/GaAs(001)量子点生长的影响

张伟, 石震武, 霍大云, 郭小祥, 彭长四

Effects of in-situ surface modification by pulsed laser on InAs/GaAs (001) quantum dot growth

Zhang Wei, Shi Zhen-Wu, Huo Da-Yun, Guo Xiao-Xiang, Peng Chang-Si
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  • 在InAs/GaAs(001)量子点生长过程中, 当InAs沉积量为0.9 ML时, 利用紫外纳秒脉冲激光辐照浸润层表面, 由于高温下In原子的不稳定性, 激光诱导的原子脱附效应被放大, 样品表面出现了原子层移除和纳米孔. 原子力显微镜测试表明纳米孔呈现以[110]方向为长轴(尺寸: 20-50 nm)、[110]方向为短轴(尺寸: 15-40 nm)的表面椭圆开口形状, 孔的深度为0.5-3 nm. 纳米孔的密度与脉冲激光的能量密度正相关. 脉冲激光的辐照对量子点生长产生了显著的影响: 一方面由于纳米孔的表面自由能低, 沉积的InAs优先迁移到孔内, 纳米孔成为量子点优先成核的位置; 另一方面, 孔外的区域因为In原子的脱附, 量子点的成核被抑制. 由于带有纳米孔的浸润层表面具有类似于传统微纳加工技术制备的图形衬底对量子点选择性生长的功能, 该研究为量子点的可控生长提供了一种新的思路.
    InAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) have been extensively applied to high-performance optoelectronic devices due to their unique physical properties. In order to exploit the potential advantages of these QD-devices, it is necessary to control the QDs in density, uniformity and nucleation sites. In this work, a novel research of in-situ pulsed laser modifying InAs wetting layer is carried out to explore a new controllable method of growing InAs/GaAs(001) QDs based on a specially designed molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) system equipped with laser viewports. Firstly, a 300 nm GaAs buffer layer is grown on GaAs (001) substrate at 580 ℃ and the temperature decreases to 480 ℃ to deposit InAs. As soon as the amount of InAs deposition reaches 0.9 ML, a single laser pulse ( =355 nm, pulse duration ~ 10 ns) with an energy intensity of ~ 40.5 mJ/cm2 is in-situ introduced to irradiate the surface. Then, the sample is taken out and then its surface modification is immediately evaluated by atomic force microscope measurement. Atomic layer removal nano-holes elongated in the direction, and a surface density of ~2.0109 cm-2 are observed on the wetting layer. We attribute the morphology change to being due to laser-induced atom desorption. Because indium atoms should be easily desorbed away at substrate temperature of 480 ℃ during the laser irradiation, some vacancy defects are created. Then atoms adjacent to those defects would become weakly bounded, resulting in preferential desorption around the defect sites in sequence. Therefore, atomic layer removal is intensified by such a kind of chain effect and finally nano-holes are developed on the surface. In order to make clear how these nano holes of special kind influence the InAs/GaAs (001) QD growth, we perform another study by continuously depositing the InAs after the irradiation at the same thickness of 0.9 ML. It is found that when 1.7 ML InAs is deposited, QDs start to nucleate into some nano-holes and then are further deposited with an InAs coverage of 1.9 MLs, all the nano holes would be completely nucleated by QDs with a good uniformity, and there are no QDs in the remaining area. Such an effect of QD preferential nucleation in nano-holes could be explained by the following two causes. Firstly, adsorbed indium atoms tend to immigrate into nano-holes for lower surface energy induced by the concave surface curvature. The enhanced accumulation of Indium is in favor of the preferential nucleation of QDs in nano-holes. On the other hand, QD growth in areas outside the nano holes is depressed for indium desorption in pulsed laser irradiation process. In conclusion, our studies of in-situ laser-induced surface modification reported here provide a potential solution of controllable InAs/GaAs (001) QD growth.
      通信作者: 石震武, zwshi@suda.edu.cn;changsipeng@suda.edu.cn ; 彭长四, zwshi@suda.edu.cn;changsipeng@suda.edu.cn
    • 基金项目: 江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目, 科技部国际合作项目(批准号: 2013DFG12210)、 国家自然科学基金(批准号: 11504251, 51302179)、江苏省高校自然科学研究重大项目(批准号: 12KJA140001)和江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(批准号: CXZZ13_0809)资助的课题.
      Corresponding author: Shi Zhen-Wu, zwshi@suda.edu.cn;changsipeng@suda.edu.cn ; Peng Chang-Si, zwshi@suda.edu.cn;changsipeng@suda.edu.cn
    • Funds: Project supported by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), the International Cooperation Project by MOST, China (Grant No. 2013DFG12210) the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos 11504251, 51302179), the Natural Science Research Project of Jiangsu Higher Education, China (Grant No. 12KJA140001) and the Post-graduate Innovation Project of Jiangsu Higher Education, China (Grant No. CXZZ13_0809).
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  • [1]

    Sugawara M, Usami M 2009 Nat. Photon. 3 30

    [2]

    Wu J, Chen S, Seeds A, Liu H 2015 J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 48 363001

    [3]

    Lee S J, Ku Z, Barve A, Montoya J, Jang W Y, Brueck S R J, Sundaram M, Reisinger A, Krishna S, Noh S K 2011 Nat. Commun. 2 286

    [4]

    Wu J, Li Z, Shao D, Manasreh M O, Kunets V P, Wang Z M, Salamo G J, Weaver B D 2009 Appl. Phys. Lett. 94 171102

    [5]

    Wang T, Zhang J J, Liu H 2015 Acta Phys. Sin. 64 204209 (in Chinese) [王霆, 张建军, Huiyun Liu 2015 物理学报 64 204209]

    [6]

    Lan H, Ding Y 2012 Nano Today 7 94

    [7]

    Tommila J, Schramm A, Hakkarainen T V, Dumitrescu M, Guina M 2013 Nanotechnology 24 235204

    [8]

    Hakkarainen T V, Tommila J, Schramm A, Tukiainen A, Ahorinta R, Dumitrescu M, Guina M 2010 Appl. Phys. Lett. 97 173107

    [9]

    Itoh N, Stoneham A 2001 J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 13 489

    [10]

    Han B Y, Nakayama K, Weaver J H 1999 Phys. Rev. B 60 13846

    [11]

    Patella F, Nufris S, Arciprete F, Fanfoni M, Placidi E, Sgarlata A, Balzarotti A 2003 Phys. Rev. B 67 205308

    [12]

    Joyce P B, Krzyzewski T J 1998 Phys. Rev. B 58 15981

    [13]

    Krzyzewski T, Joyce P, Bell G, Jones T 2002 Phys. Rev. B 66 121307

    [14]

    Heller E J, Lagally M G 1992 Appl. Phys. Lett. 60 2675

    [15]

    Mashita M, Hiyama Y, Arai K, Koo B H, Yao T 2000 Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 39 4435

    [16]

    Wankerl A, Emerson D T, Shealy J R 1998 Appl. Phys. Lett. 72 1614

    [17]

    Kaganovskii Y, Vladomirsky H, Rosenbluh M 2006 J. Appl. Phys. 100 044317

    [18]

    Zhang W, Huo D, Guo X, Rong C, Shi Z, Peng C 2016 Appl. Surf. Sci. 360 999

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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2015-11-29
  • 修回日期:  2016-03-27
  • 刊出日期:  2016-06-05

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