搜索

x
中国物理学会期刊

量子系统的Ergodlc定理

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.14.400

A NOTE ON THE ERGODIC THEOREM FOR QUANTIZED SYSTEMS

CSTR: 32037.14.aps.14.400
PDF
导出引用
  • 在Klein的一篇论文中,他指出了当量子系统的ergodic定理成立时,所有的运动积分R必须满足以下的条件:sumfrom r″to (α′γ″|R|β′γ″=常数δα′β′, (1) 式中α′,β′,…等代表我们所研究的系统的态,γ″,ρ″…等代表舆我们的系统共同平衡的外界的态。在这篇短文中,我们指出:Klein的讨论在一点是可以怀疑的,而用了另一个方法来讨论ergodic定理。这样,我们证明了(1)式只是在引入另一个假定——外界各态有同一个几率——后才是充分的,而在一般情形下,我们须要更强的条件,例如(α′ρ″|R|β′γ″)=常数δα′β′δρ″γ″。(2)以上相当於没有运动积分的情形。有运动积分的情形也在本文中作了讨论。

     

    In a paper by Klein, it is pointed out that for the quantum mechanical ergodic theorem (time average = average over states) to be valid, all integrals of motion R must satisfy the condition ∑ρ"(α′ρ"|R|β′ρ")=const δα′β′ (1) where α′, β′, γ, … refer to the assembly under question and α", β",…, ρ" ,… refer to the surrounding with which our assembly is in equilibrium. In this short note, it is pointed out that the argument of Klein is doubtful at one point and a slightly different approach is given. In this approach, it is shown that (1) is actually sufficient, but only after introducing an additional assumption that the different states of the surroundings have equal probabilities, and that in general, a stronger condition such as (α′ρ″|R|β′θ″)=const δα′β′δρ″θ″ (2) is needed. Cases with integrals of motion is also considered. We consider first an isolated system, write the wave function as (α1α2>, where α1 represents a set of commuting integrals of motion and α2 a set of observables not containing integrals of motion and introduce the assumption that for any integral of motion R, the matrix 1α′2Rα1"α2"> representing it is of the form φ(α′1α1")δ(α′2α2"). (3) Under such conditions, we prove that if the initial state of our system is an eigenstate of α1 corresponding to the eigenvalue α10, then the average of an observable F over time is given by ∑α210α2|F|α10α2>/∑α210α2|1|α10α2>, a result which is clearly to be expected. Extension to systems interacting with external surroundings is easily made.

     

    目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回