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负π介子和许多其他粒子不同,它们在介质中停止处有效地产生星裂,从而释放出大量的能量。我们利用了这种现象来选择性地探测负π介子。星裂探测器是个计数管望远镜。它由二个符合闪烁计数管组成。其中第一管是普通的闪烁计数管,它记录透过粒子的效率是100%。第二管的工作电压放得较低,使之只记录负π介子在晶体中引起星裂而生的大的光脉冲;它记录透过粒子的效率极低。第二管用能谱分析性能好的光电倍加管,由高稳定的电源来供应。用星裂探测器可以迅速测量负π介子的射程和能量。例如对强度为103/秒的负π介子束,测量能量只需15分钟。这种探测器记录粒子时有选择性。它只记录星裂,而不记录其他停止的带电粒子(例如负μ介子),实验证明参看图7。我们所用的星裂探测器,对负π介子的灵敏度,比对负μ介子的灵敏度至少要大20倍。In contrast to many other particles π- mesons at their stop-point effectively produce stars with large energy release. This phenomena has been used by us for selected detecting of π-mesons. The star-detector for π-mesons represents a simple telescope of two scintillation counters set in coincidence. The first counter is an ordinary counter with 100% efficiency for passing particles. The second counter of the star-detector works at a comparatively low voltage supply. Hence it detects the large light impulses only, produced in the scintillator as the result of π - stars. Its efficiency for the detecting of passing particles is very low. The photomultiplier of the second counter works as a spectrometric one with highly stabilized voltage supply. Using this detector one may quickly (in 15 minutes, the π-beam intensity being 103 per sec) measure the range and energy of π- mesons.The star-detector has the selected sensitiveness to π - mesons, its sensitiveness to π - mesons being at least 20 times larger than that to μ- mesons (see fig. 7).







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