In this paper, the measurement of electron temperature of the θ-pinch plasma by means of Thomson scattering of ruby laser is described. The experimental data of clectron temperature in θ-coil midplane are analysed using the one-fluid model. The experimental results show that the electron temperature is much less than the theoretical value in the ease of adiabatic compression, and the experimental data are in good agreement with the theory when the loss of the electron thermal conduction is considered. The conduction coefficient calculated according to the one-fluid model is larger than the Spitzer's classical value by a factor of 2-3. After about 3 μs, the electron temperature dropped sharply, the thermal conduction theory holds no longer. A possible explaination is that the end loss becomes dominant, and thus the plasma collapses rapidly.